PSYC 53 MCQ
Salma conducts a study and finds that her data do not completely support her theory. Which of the following statements should she avoid saying? "I may need to collect more data." "My data disproves my theory." "My theory needs amending." "My data is inconsistent with my theory."
"My data disproves my theory."
The American Psychological Association's ethical guidelines have ________ principles and ________ standards. 3, 8 5, 10 3, 5 3, 10
5, 10
Which of the following is NOT an example of applied research? A cognitive psychologist who examines people's ability to distinguish between colors based on light exposure A sports psychologist who examines how mindset ("train well" versus "win") affects athletic performance A clinical psychologist who examines the effectiveness of art therapy in decreasing symptoms of ADHD An industrial-organizational psychologist who is interested in the components of job satisfaction
A cognitive psychologist who examines people's ability to distinguish between colors based on light exposure
Which of the following is NOT a reason that psychologists might fabricate or falsify their data? Research success has implications for promotion within their department. They feel pressure to publish findings. They are convinced of the correctness of their own hypotheses. A journal might require it.
A journal might require it.
RESEARCH STUDY 1.1Deci and Ryan (1985, 2001) have proposed that there are three fundamental needs that are required for human growth and fulfillment: relatedness, autonomy, and competence. Susan predicts that students who have these needs met in their psychology class feel happier and more satisfied with the class. She collects data and finds that students who feel more related and competent do feel happier but that feeling more autonomous does not seem to matter. Susan thinks that maybe autonomy is only necessary when people are in situations in which they are not being evaluated.Refer to Research Study 1.1 to answer the following four questions.Deci and Ryan's general statement of how the three needs are related to growth and fulfillment is an example of which of the following? Data A theory A hypothesis Research
A theory
Which of the following is an example of being a producer of research? Undergoing a brain scan Administering an anxiety questionnaire Writing an opinion article about a psychological study Applying a new therapy technique
Administering an anxiety questionnaire
Which of the following studies would probably NOT require an in-person IRB meeting to obtain approval? A confidential survey examining sexual behavior in mentally handicapped individuals An anonymous study looking at gang behavior in recent parolees A confidential study examining sleep patterns in newborns An anonymous survey asking whether students want the campus mascot be changed
An anonymous survey asking whether students want the campus mascot be changed
Which of the following is an example of basic research? An experimental psychologist who examines people's ability to perceive a "sweet" taste A clinical psychologist who examines the effectiveness of drama therapy in helping children who have been abused An industrial-organizational psychologist who is interested in the components of job commitment An educational psychologist who examines how mindset ("intelligence is innate" or "intelligence can be achieved") affects academic performance
An experimental psychologist who examines people's ability to perceive a "sweet" taste
Your friend Gaby loves reading articles about psychology studies in her monthly women's magazine. Which of the following would you tell her? Reading those magazines is just as good as reading the peer-reviewed journals. Peer-reviewed journals are much easier to read than magazines. Be careful about reading those articles because they may not present accurate findings. Stop reading those articles because they are never accurate.
Be careful about reading those articles because they may not present accurate findings.
In addition to being an ethical violation, why are data falsification and fabrication problematic? Because they impede scientific progress. Because they are impossible to discover. Because data are easy to acquire. Because they are federal crimes
Because they impede scientific progress.
RESEARCH STUDY 4.1Dr. Kline is planning on conducting a study next semester. He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance. For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr. Kline is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then he will wake them. After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr. Kline plans to let them return to sleep. As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure. He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session. The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test.Refer to Research Study 4.1 to answer the following thirteen questions.Dr. Kline plans to tell his participants that the reason he is waking them up during the night is to recalibrate the EEG machine. This would be an example of which of the following? Deception through exception Deception through omission Deception through permission Deception through commission
Deception through commission
Articles that could be considered journalism: Are typically written for scientists Are typically written by scientists Do not require specialized education to read Are hard to access
Do not require specialized education to read
________ is the approach of collecting data and using it to develop, support, and/or challenge a theory. Empiricism Application Theorizing Falsifiability
Empiricism
________ is the approach of collecting data and using it to develop, support, and/or challenge a theory. Theorizing Application Empiricism Falsifiability
Empiricism
Which of the following is the reason that scientific journals use peer review? It encourages collaboration among researchers. It ensures that the studies published are of the highest quality. It is cost effective. It is more efficient/faster.
It ensures that the studies published are of the highest quality.
Why is plagiarism a violation of ethics? It violates a Belmont Principle. It makes psychology researchers look bad. It is akin to lying. It violates an APA standard.
It violates an APA standard.
Both James and Thomas have theories that explain why listening to classical music while reading is associated with increased recall of the material. James' theory is much simpler than Thomas'. Thomas created his theory a few months before James did. Which of the following is true? Thomas' theory would be considered better because he thought of it first. James' theory would be considered better because it was thought of more recently. Thomas' theory would be considered better because it is more complex. James' theory would be considered better because it is more parsimonious
James' theory would be considered better because it is more parsimonious
All of the following are reasons that a journalist may misrepresent a psychology study in a magazine EXCEPT: Journalists are working under strict publication deadlines Journalists may not personally have the scientific background to understand the study Journalists are unethical Journalists may oversimplify the study for their readers
Journalists are unethical
Dr. Stewart is an editor of a psychology journal. She wants to ensure that reviewers give honest reviews of the papers they are asked to read. Which of the following could she do to increase the likelihood of honest feedback? Increase the number of peer reviewers Give reviewers a longer amount of time to read papers Make sure the identity of peer reviewers is unknown Use reviewers from fields other than psychology
Make sure the identity of peer reviewers is unknown
Which of the following ethical violations proposed by the Belmont Report was NOT committed in the Tuskegee Study? Participants were not treated by actual doctors. Participants were not treated respectfully. Participants were harmed. Participants were from a disadvantaged social group.
Participants were not treated by actual doctors.
Which of the following ethical violations proposed by the Belmont Report was NOT committed in the Tuskegee Study? Participants were not treated respectfully. Participants were from a disadvantaged social group. Participants were not treated by actual doctors. Participants were harmed.
Participants were not treated by actual doctors.
The use of debriefing in a study such as Milgram's obedience study appeals to which principle of the Belmont Report? Principle of integrity Principle of justice Principle of beneficence Principle of respect for persons
Principle of beneficence
The use of debriefing in a study such as Milgram's obedience study appeals to which principle of the Belmont Report? Principle of justice Principle of beneficence Principle of respect for persons Principle of integrity
Principle of beneficence
In the theory-data cycle, theories first lead to ________. Data Answers Questions Research
Questions
When conducting animal research, which guideline states that alternatives to animal research should be considered? Replacement Recycling Reduction Refinement
Replacement
In considering whether research is ethical, which of the following are balanced against each other? Importance of the research versus financial cost to conduct the study Time investment of the study versus complexity of the study Inconvenience to participants versus benefit to the researcher Risk to participants versus value of the knowledge gained
Risk to participants versus value of the knowledge gained
The aim of the Tuskegee Study was to examine which disease? Smallpox Cancer Syphilis Tuberculosis
Syphilis
Ethical decision making done by researchers can change in response to all of the following EXCEPT: Scientific discoveries Bad experiences of other researchers The possibility of additional grant funding Changing social norms
The possibility of additional grant funding
RESEARCH STUDY 4.1Dr. Kline is planning on conducting a study next semester. He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance. For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr. Kline is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then he will wake them. After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr. Kline plans to let them return to sleep. As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure. He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session. The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test.Refer to Research Study 4.1 to answer the following thirteen questions.Dr. Kline asks his participants to provide informed consent. Doing this is adhering to which principle of the Belmont Report? The principle of respect for persons The principle of beneficence The principle of integrity The principle of justice
The principle of respect for persons
RESEARCH STUDY 1.1Deci and Ryan (1985, 2001) have proposed that there are three fundamental needs that are required for human growth and fulfillment: relatedness, autonomy, and competence. Susan predicts that students who have these needs met in their psychology class feel happier and more satisfied with the class. She collects data and finds that students who feel more related and competent do feel happier but that feeling more autonomous does not seem to matter. Susan thinks that maybe autonomy is only necessary when people are in situations in which they are not being evaluated.Refer to Research Study 1.1 to answer the following four questions.Susan's hypothesis was not completely supported by her data. What does this mean? The theory is completely wrong. Susan must have analyzed the data incorrectly. Susan must have collected the data incorrectly. The theory may need to be amended.
The theory may need to be amended.
Vinai learns that people with schizophrenia have a problem labeling their emotions. Using this information, he designs a research study to examine whether teaching patients with schizophrenia to label the emotions of people they see in movie clips helps them to better label their own emotions. Vinai hopes that the findings of this research could then be used to create an intervention used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Vinai's study is an example of: Applied research Translational research Basic research Empirical researc
Translational research
RESEARCH STUDY 4.1Dr. Kline is planning on conducting a study next semester. He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance. For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr. Kline is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then he will wake them. After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr. Kline plans to let them return to sleep. As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure. He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session. The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test.Refer to Research Study 4.1 to answer the following thirteen questions.To address the Belmont principle of beneficence, Dr. Kline would need to ask which of the following questions? Can the participants in my study give full, informed consent? Are the people in my study going to benefit as much as the people not in my study? What can I do to decrease the potential harm experienced by my participants? Am I trained sufficiently to conduct this study?
What can I do to decrease the potential harm experienced by my participants?
Which of the following is an example of applied research? A personality psychologist who studies the difference between introverts and extroverts An educational psychologist who looks for a way to increase math skills in 8-year-olds A cognitive psychologist who looks at the difference in problem-solving abilities of men and women A social psychologist who is interested in the components of self-concept
An educational psychologist who looks for a way to increase math skills in 8-year-olds
Your friend Gaby loves reading articles about psychology studies in her monthly women's magazine. Which of the following would you tell her? Stop reading those articles because they are never accurate. Be careful about reading those articles because they may not present accurate findings. Reading those magazines is just as good as reading the peer-reviewed journals. Peer-reviewed journals are much easier to read than magazines.
Be careful about reading those articles because they may not present accurate findings.
RESEARCH STUDY 4.1Dr. Kline is planning on conducting a study next semester. He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance. For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr. Kline is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then he will wake them. After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr. Kline plans to let them return to sleep. As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure. He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session. The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test.Refer to Research Study 4.1 to answer the following thirteen questions.Which of the following is true regarding obtaining informed consent in Dr. Kline's study? He does not need to obtain informed consent since participants will not be awake during most of the study. He does need to obtain informed consent because there is a likelihood of risk in his study. He does not need to obtain informed consent because he is not using deception. He does need to obtain informed consent because the study is anonymous.
He does need to obtain informed consent because there is a likelihood of risk in his study.
