PSYC Quiz 3

Jane is a 10-year-old girl with a mental age (MA) of 12. Jane's intelligence quotient (IQ) calculated using Wilhelm Stern's formula is __________

120

A feature of crystallized intelligence is that it does not increase throughout the life span

False

Because psychologists have engaged in thousands of studies on intelligence, they unequivocally agree on the definition of intelligence

False

Karen Horney believed Freud placed too much emphasis on sex; spoke of psychosocial development, not psychosexual development; labeled stages of development according to traits, not erogenous zones; and argued that ego identity, not genital sexuality, was the key goal of adolescence

False

Most parents suffer from empty-nest syndrome when their youngest child leaves home

False

Research shows that children of authoritarian parents have greater self-reliance, self-esteem, social competence, and achievement motivation than other children

False

Which of the following is a shortcoming of Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

Its clinical method of gathering evidence is suspect.

Which of the following is consistent with Erikson's stage of ego integrity versus despair?

People focus on letting go and accepting their place in the sweep of history

Which of the following Freudian psychic structures is present in a person at birth?

The ID

Which of the following is a characteristic of the fetal stage of prenatal development?

The fetus alternates between wakefulness and sleep

If you are reading this academic text, you are most likely in the emerging adulthood period of development. Emerging adulthood means roughly spanning the ages of 18 to 25, during which many young people attend college and graduate school, sort out identity issues, and create life plans

True

Research suggests that people who have reported greater feelings of happiness and well-being are likely to score more highly than other people on scales that measure emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion

True

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is an example of an objective test present respondents with a standardized group of test items in the form of a questionnaire

True

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory focuses instead on the ways in which children's cognitive development is influenced by the cultures. Key concepts in Vygotsky's theory include the zone of proximal development and scaffolding.

True

A two-year-old child's family has a pet rabbit. When the family visits the zoo, the child sees a hamster for the first time and calls it a rabbit because of the physical features that are common to a rabbit and a hamster. According to Piaget, which cognitive process will most likely modify the child's understanding?

accommodation

According to Ainsworth, infants who show __________ are least distressed by their mother's departure, play by themselves without fuss, and ignore their mothers when they return

avoidant attachment

Mark and Mindy have two daughters. Their older daughter moved to a different city to pursue her graduate studies a few years ago. Recently, their younger daughter also moved to a different country for her undergraduate studies. Now, Mindy is bereft and is unable to figure out what to do with her free time. This scenario best illustrates the _____

empty-nest syndrone

Stephanie decided not to cheat on the exam because she was afraid of the consequences. This is characteristic of which stage of moral reasoning?

preconventional

During the embryonic stage of prenatal development, the ________

sex organs start to differentiate

Observational learning is one of the foundations of __________

social cognitive theory

Which of the following is a focus of Erikson's theory of personality and development?

social relationships

Psychologists define personality as the reasonably stable patterns of emotions, motives, and behavior that distinguishes one person from another

True

According to Piaget, the __________ is the second stage of cognitive development in children

preoperational

The humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers defined the __________ as the center of experience.

self

Unlike the psychodynamic theory, the humanistic-existential perspective emphasizes __________

self-awareness

The Rorschach inkblot test is an example of an objective test.

False

According to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, which of the following is a characteristic of children in the stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt?

Children need to develop feelings of self-control over physical functions

Erik Erikson is credited with developing the psychosexual stages of development

False

Which of the following is a focus of the psychodynamic theory?

The far-reaching effects of childhood events on personality.

By the end of the first trimester of fetal development during pregnancy, formation of all the major organ systems is complete

True

It's normal for adolescents to see themselves as the center of attention and assume that other people are also preoccupied with their appearance and behavior. This is termed an imaginary audience

True

The humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers focused on the self-concept and self-esteem, or self-regard.

True

The __________ is a part of the limbic system involved in discriminating emotions, including fear

amygdala

Someone who does not run on the wrong side of the road because it's the law is exhibiting which stage of moral reasoning?

conventional

__________ is the quality of language that permits one to communicate information about objects and events in another time and place

displacement

A mental shortcut, or rule of thumb, for solving problems is called a(n) __________

heuristic

Some animals become attached to the first moving object they encounter. The formation of an attachment in this manner is therefore called __________

imprinting

According to Erik Erikson, _____ is the stage of intimacy versus isolation

young adulthood

The cessation of menstruation is called _________

menopause

Ainsworth and her colleagues identified three major types of attachment: secure attachment, avoidant attachment, and ambiguous/resistant attachment

False

A composite of studies of the relationship between IQ scores and heredity suggests that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to IQ scores

True

Newborn children do not know that it is necessary to eat to survive. They turn their head toward stimuli that prod or stroke the cheek, chin, or corner of the mouth. This is termed rooting

True

Erikson labeled the first stage of psychosocial development in his theory of personality development as the stage of __________

trust vs mistrust

According to Freud, which of the following is true of the ego

It begins to develop during the first year of life.

According to Piaget's stages of development, when children are in the concrete operational stage, they are more egocentric than when they are in the preoperational stage

False

Prior to six months of age, infants realize that objects removed from sight still exist and try to find them. They show object permanence, which makes it possible to play peekaboo

False

The Weschler intelligence scale yielded the mental age score

False

The behaviorists Watson and Skinner emphasized the notions of personal freedom, choice, and self-direction

False

The most well-adjusted immigrants are those who abandon the language and customs of their country of origin and become like members of the dominant culture in their new host country

False

With age, there are very large declines in memory function, and these changes can never be reversed

False

According to Robert Sternberg, there are three types of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical

True

The __________ is the final stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development

formal operational stage

Nathan is teaching his son about dogs. He points to a dog in the neighborhood while saying the word "dog." In this scenario, Nathan is using ________ of the dog concept

positive instances

Which best characterizes Howard Gardner's view of intelligence?

"There are multiple intelligences which are influenced by different areas in the brain."

Studies generally suggest that the heritability of intelligence is less than 20%

False

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the __________ functions according to the moral principle.

superego

Which of the following is true of Carl Jung's psychodynamic theory—analytical psychology?

It emphasizes the collective unconscious and archetypes

_______ are male sex hormones that masculinize the sex organs in the embryonic stage of prenatal development.

androgens