Psych 101 Unit 1 Exam

Dru is reading about the different types of research. If he reads, "This type of research has the primary advantage of allowing a scientist to determine cause and effect relationships," what kind of research method is he studying? A. A quasi-experimental design B. Naturalistic observation C. A case study D. A laboratory experiment

A. A laboratory experiment

The degree to which a study ensures that potential findings apply to settings and samples other than the ones being studied refers to: A. Internal validity B. External validity C. Ecological validity D. Publishing potential

B. External validity

Which of the following is NOT related to working-memory capacity? A. Reasoning skills B. Implicit learning C. Following directions D. Reading ability

B. Implicit learning

Of the following examples, which is the most important factor in encoding information to be remembered later? A. Actively processing the meaning of the material B. Trying to learn C. Your level of motivation D. Having the instructor explain which materials you should review, rather than reviewing the most difficult information

A. Actively processing the meaning of the material

Which of the following is NOT helpful in learning new materials? A. Anxiety B. Forgetting C. Chunking D. Self-testing E. Expertise

A. Anxiety

Dr. Sharma wants to study the extent to which stress is related to suicidal ideation in people who suffer from depression. She gathers information about he level of stress, depressive symptoms, and suicidal thoughts a set of participants experience the day after they attend the funeral of a loved one. Because this study is assessing people under conditions that are not typical of everyday life, it is lacking in _________ validity. A. Ecological B. Internal C. External D. Predictive

A. Ecological

The degree to which the effect, or findings, have been obtained under conditions that are typical for what happens in everyday life and daily routines. A. Ecological validity B. Internal validity C. External validity D. Reliability

A. Ecological validity

For Lindsey's dissertation, she has emails sent out to people 4 times a day for 4 weeks, In these emails, she asks about current emotional experiences and activities. What method is she using? A. Experience sampling B. Archival data C. Day reconstruction method (DRM) D. Periodic sampling

A. Experience sampling

The ability to arrive at broad conclusions based on smaller ones is known as _________. It requires that the sample under investigation be representative of the larger population from which it was drawn. A. Generalizability B. Validity C. Reliability D. Standardization

A. Generalizability

It is important to design research experiments that are associated with real-world situations in order to ________ findings to a larger population. A. Generalize B. Confirm C. Validate D. Disprove

A. Generalize

Dr. Hart is interested in the role of relationships in preventing heart disease. As her patients come into her office in Bluebell, Alabama, she asks them two questions: Are you in a relationship? Have you experienced any heart problems in the last 8 years? Based on her findings, she concludes that relationships cause cardiovascular problems. One issue with her methodology is that the results are not generalizable. What does this mean? A. Her results may not be true for the entire population B. She cannot prove causation C. Her sample was not perfectly random D. Her results were incorrect

A. Her results many not be true for the entire population

The term "metacognition" refers to: A. Our thoughts and knowledge about how our learning and memory work B. An especially deep level of processing material C. The idea that in order to enhance learning, you must use multiple memory strategies D. Remembering to study in the future

A. Our thoughts and knowledge about how our learning and memory work

An effective way to make sure that you will remember something a long time from now (such as in an upcoming exam) is to: A. Review the material at regular intervals B. Repeat it over and over to yourself C. Highlight it in your text D. Learn the material really well now, and then you won't have to worry about it later

A. Review the material at regular intervals

As a researcher, you decide that you are very interested in peoples' everyday behavior (i.e., daily social interactions and activities). Therefore, you decide to use an electronically activated recorder, or EAR device, to capture the acoustic diary of participants' days as they naturally unfold. In this scenario, you are: A. Studying daily experiences B. Studying daily behavior C. Studying daily physiology D. Studying online behavior

B. Studying daily behavior

Transfer-appropriate processing is likely to occur if: A. The student generalizes his own retrieval cues B. The type of encoding matches the type of retrieval task C. There is elaborate processing during encoding of the material

B. The type of encoding matches the type of retrieval task

Working memory capacity is related to: A. Better reasoning skills B. Better reading comprehension C. All are correct D. Better attentional control

C. All are correct

Kenneth has a portable signal recording device that can measure his cortisol levels throughout the day. This information is useful in seeing his daily levels in his natural environments. This type of measurement is an example of a(n) __________. A. Hypertention B. Experience sampling technique C. Ambulatory assessment D. Monitor assessment

C. Ambulatory assessment

Which of the following is a good example of a working memory task? A. Reading an interesting story B. Completing an addition problem C. Calculating a multiplication problem in your head D. Playing a game of chess

C. Calculating an addition problem in your head

Dr. Tylka is conducting research about the risk of developing eating disorders in adolescent boys. She concludes that her findings apply not only to the sample of high school boys she studied, but also to other males in other settings and contexts. In this regard, Dr. Tylka is stating that her findings have high ________ validity. A. Internal B. Construct C. External D. Split-half

C. External

The degree to which a study allows unambiguous casual inferences has __________. A. External validity B. Ecological validity C. Internal validity D. Publishing potential

C. Internal validity

_________ refers to the degree to which causal inferences can be made in the study; _________ refers to the degree that the study's findings can be applied to the larger population. A. External validity; internal validity B. Internal validity; reliability C. Internal validity; external validity D. External validity; ecological validity

C. Internal validity; external validity

What type of research highlights causality, allowing the cause to be separated from the effect? A. Surveys B. Phone interviews C. Laboratory experiments D. Naturalistic observation

C. Laboratory experiments

As soon as class is over, Karen goes to the Mountainlair, gets a cup of coffee, and reviews the material from class, asking herself what she remembers, and then checking to see if she is correct from her e-text. Karen is utilizing ___________ to enhance her learning. A. Transfer appropriate learning B. Incidental learning C. Self-testing

C. Self-testing

Dr. Fikshunal is interested in how our bodies respond to being excluded from a group. Therefore, she decides to monitor the heart rate and cortisol levels of participants as they engage in their environment and indicate experiences when they felt ostracized. In this scenario, Dr. Fikshunal is: A. Studying daily experiences B. Studying daily behavior C. Studying daily physiology D. Studying online behavior

C. Studying daily physiology

Katie and Lisa are roommates taking the same psychology class. They have a test in four days during a 10:30-11:30 class period. Both intend to study for 3 hours, but because of different work schedules, Katie will study 1 hour for each of the next 3 days, and Lisa will study 3 hours the day before the exam. What could you predict about their performances? A. Lisa will perform better because she massed her study time into one session. B. Lisa will perform better because her study time is closer to the actual exam time. C. Katie and Lisa will perform equally well because each studied the same amount of time overall. D. Katie should perform better because she had spaced her studying over the three days before the exam.

D. Katie should perform better because she had spaced her studying over the three days before the exam.

When your instructor finishes reviewing a new topic in lecture, she often gives a clicker quiz. Clicker quizzes can serve the purpose of: A. Transfer appropriate learning B. Incidental learning C. Increasing working memory capacity D. Retrieval practice

D. Retrieval practice

The development of _________ has provided a new level of advantage for gathering information from research participants at specific times, often randomly selected, throughout a given day. A. Computer tablets B. Digital watches C. Microrecorders D. Smartphones

D. Smartphones

Imagine that researchers were interested in learning about public support for gay marriage. If the researchers analyzed Facebook posts regarding the acceptance or rejection of homosexuality (via opinions in status updates, article posts, or groups they officially like), they would be: A. Studying daily experiences B. Studying daily behavior C. Studying daily physiology D. Studying online behavior

D. Studying online behavior

Researchers that study the online behavior of people focus on their: A. Number of responses (i.e., blog posts or tweets) B. Mood and social engagement C. Personality D. Virtual language behavior

D. Virtual language behavior

Imagine that researchers were interested in learning about public support for gay marriage. If the researchers analyzed Facebook posts regarding the acceptance or rejection of homosexuality (via opinions in status updates, article posts, or groups they officially like), they would be: a. studying daily experiences b. studying daily behavior c. studying daily physiology d. studying online behavior

d. studying online behavior