psych 110 chapter 5 learn smart

Which example is consistent with Albert Bandura's observational learning theory that predicts that behavior can be acquired simply by observing someone else perform those behaviors?

George's mother eats salad almost every day, so George begins asking to eat salad.

Harvey is a heavy smoker who wants to quit. Given what is known about the cognitive processes involved in classical conditioning, what is the MOST likely reason he still has trouble quitting after he is treated with a drug that induces nausea when he smokes a cigarette?

He realizes the nausea is due to the drug, not simply the cigarette.

Owen notices that every time his father hugs or kisses his mother, his mother smiles. Owen has started to hug his mother when he gets up in the morning and is pleased that he is able to generate such a big smile from her. Owen is exhibiting, in order, each of the 4 cognitive process that Bandura suggest are necessary for imitation to occur namely:

attention, memory, motor skills, and motivation

A group of kids were in class listening to their teacher when suddenly they saw a snake on the floor. Immediately, all of the students ran to the opposite side of the classroom away from the snake. All of the students seemed to have a fear of snakes, despite never having encountered one before. What concept discussed might account for these responses?

biological preparedness

Shannon hears a strage rustling noise on her nature walk and then sees a black bear in the clearing. She feels terror but escapes without injury. Now when she walks in the woods, when she hears a rustling noise she instantly feels fear. This best illustrates: __________

classical conditioning

Dr. Ritz classically conditioned a dog to flex his hind leg at the sound of a bell by pairing the ringing of a bell with a mild electric shock to the dog's leg. In this example, the ringing bell is the ________________

conditioned stimulus

Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere sight of the person who regularly brought food to them. For the dogs, the sight of this person had become an:

conditioned stimulus

research shows that infants can become fearful of furry objects that are associated with frightening noises. Further, when infants begin to crawl, they learn from their falls and near-falls. This profess of fear acquisition is know as _____________

conditioning

Dinah always wears her sunglasses on her head so that she can put them on anytime the sun gets in her eyes. This example illustrates __________ behavior and _________ reinforcement.

escape; negative

Michael is busy with a project. His son was him to put a DVD on. Michael tells him to wait 10 minutes. However, his son whines and complains so much that Michael decides to the the movie on rights away. In operant conditioning terms, what has Michael just done?

increase the likelihood of his son whining in the future

A wellness program is being instituted at the local community center, and this week it is focusing on people who struggle with depression. According to Seligman's work on ________, depression is often connected to the idea that adverse events are inescapable and uncontrollable.

learned helplessness

Penpa is watching a group of girls tease a classmate at her new school. The girls are about Penpa's age and she perceives them as having interest similar to hers. Based on what we know about imitation Penpa is:

more likely to imitate them because they seem similar to her

Every time Anthony takes a toy from brother, his mother removes a sticker from his sticker chart. Anthony's mother is utilizing the operant conditioning technique:

negative punishment

Savannah's daughter Rachel threw her toys across the room. She gave her a 20 minutes time out which Rachel couldn't play. This is an example of:

negative punishment

Jake can make his sister give him her toys or candy by whistling. Because she hates the sound so much, she will give him whatever he wants to make him stop. when Jake stops whistling it is ________ for her.

negative reinforcement

Mr and Mrs Frank's awareness of the importance of __________ in children;s development causes them to begin modeling healthy eating habits for their 2 sons.

observational learning

At work there is a vending machine that gives extra candy bars when either the A or D choices are selected. The fact that people frequent this machine regularly illustrates:

operant conditioning

__________ behavior occurs based on the environment, whereas __________ behavior occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus.

operant; conditioned

Ricardo receives attention from his teacher in the form of a scolding every time he misbehaves. As a result, Ricardo misbehaves quite frequently. In this instance, it would appear that the teacher's scolding is a:

positively reinforcing stimulus

James receives the grade of A, and his teacher verbally praises him for his grade. James begins to increase the time he studies in math. This example illustrates:

postive reinforcement

4 year old Cam notices that every time his baby brother cries, his mother picks the baby up and holds him. Cam quickly learns that if he also cries he will get his mother to pay attention to him. Cam's behavior resembles the choices made in the Bobo doll experiments, in that his brothers behavior is _________, and therefore Cam is more likely to _________ it.

reinforced; imitate

Walter was bitten by a dog when he was 5 years old. To this day, he will not pet dogs. However, he will pet cats. Walter petting cats illustrates:

stimulus discrimination

Dane, a 6 year old, was recently bitten by her grandmother's terrier. Dana sees a small dog in the park a week later and begins to cry. Most likely Dana is exhibiting:

stimulus generalization

Bernice had leukemia as a child and had to undergo numerous bouts of chemo. The chemo always made her nauseous. During the year of treatment, the waiting room started to make her feel nauseous. The chemo is ________

unconditioned stimulus

Researchers conditioned a flatworm to contract when exposed to light by repeatedly pairing the light with electric shock. The electric shock is a:

unconditioned stimulus