Psych 5b

A test that is valid must

Be reliable

Creativity is most closely associated with which of the following?

divergent thinking

Mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that help solve problems and reduce mental effort are called

heuristics

Barbara is a talented architect. On which type of intelligence will she most heavily rely to complete her next building design?

spatial

In a normal distribution of test scores, the percentage of scores fall at or below the mean score is

50

When confronted with the sequence "N" at the end of a word in a crossword puzzle, tony insets the letters "I" and "G" in the two blanks because that procedure often led to the correct answer in previous puzzles. Thsi example illustrates the use of

A heauristic

Maria is a thirteen-year-old congenitally deaf child who was born to hearing parents living in a remote, rural area. Since birth her parents have provided love, nourishment, educationally enriching toys, and developed their own hand signals to communicate with her about basic necessities. However, Maria did not begin to learn sign language until she was twelve and the family moved to a city and encountered members of a deaf community. Maria has found it very difficult to learn sign language, no matter what her instructors try. Which of the follow concepts best explains Maria's difficulty learning sign language?

A sensitive period

A test that is labeled an achievement test is most likely to be given to

Allow a student to be exempted from a college course

Brad hears a report on the evening news that diets low in carbohydrates are beneficial to one's health. Considering this advice, he begins such a diet. Later he hears another report condemning low-carbohydrate diets as harmful to one's health. Based upon research on belief perseverance, how would Brad respond to this new information?

Continue to believe in the beneficial effects of a low-carb diet

A student who obtained a percentile rank of 75 on an achievement test is best characterized as having

Scored higher than 75% of test takers

A young child says, "where did you goed" which of the following psychologist would most likely argue that the child is overregularizing a logical grammatical rule?

Noam Chomsky

Which of the following is true of a solo goes in supporting problem solving

Relevant analogies usually help people solve problems, but people often do not spontaneously think of relevant analogies

Michael, who has an IQ of 60, is able to do complex calculations in his head, regardless of the size of the numbers. When he is with his family and friends, he does not engage socially; he focuses on his numerical calculations. Which of the following best describes these characteristics?

Savant Syndrome

Jim has seen reports of a number of cases of Ebola on the news. He is more afraid of contracting Ebola then tuberculosis, even though the risk of infection of tuberculosis is greater than that of Ebola. Jim's fear would most likely be attributed to

The availability heuristic

Research on a critical period during the acquisition of second languages indicates that which of the following statements is true?

The older an individual is, the more difficulty he or she will have with second-language pronunciation.

Matthew's parents are physicists, and so are the parents of several of his best friends. Therefore, Matthew believes that many people are employed as physicists. Matthew's reasoning is based on

availability heuristic

When asked which of two countries has a larger population, participants are likely to judge the country that is more familiar to them as being more populous. Which of the following best explains this finding?

availability heuristic

The intelligence quotient (IQ) has traditionally been based on the relationship between an individuals mental age and his or her

chronological age

Martine needs a hammer but cannot find one. As she looks around her apartment, her gaze passes over a metal paperweight and some other objects that could potentially serve as a makeshift hammer. However, she is so focused on these objects' typical uses that she does not think to use any of them as a hammer. Martine is experiencing which of the following?

functional fixedness

A disadvantage of using Alfred Binets concept of mental age is assessing intelligence is that

it is inappropriate for adults

To score high in a test of creativity, a persons answers should be

original and valuable

All human languages have several basic sounds in common called

phonemes

Piper reads about someone described as adventurous and extroverted. She then judges that this person is more likely to be a lawyer who enjoys hiking than a lawyer who does not. The best explanation for Piper's error is that she is basing her judgment on

representativeness heuristic

Noam Chomskys view of language proposes that

there is an inherent language acquisition device