psych chapter 18
normative social influence
Jackie publicly agrees with her seventh-grade classmates that parents should allow 13-year-olds to date. Later that day she writes in her diary that she actually believes parents should prohibit kids from dating until they are at least 15 years old. Jackie's public conformity to her classmates opinion best illustrates the power of...
a dispositional attribution
Kristen insists that her boyfriends car accident resulted from his carelessness. her explanation for the accident provides an example of...
cognitive dissonance
Morgan has always hated the color orange. however, once she became a student at Princeton, she began to wear a lot of orange Princeton clothing. the discomfort caused by her long-standing dislike of the color orange and her current ownership of so much orange clothing is known as...
role-playing on attitude
Philip zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners and guards. this experiment best illustrated the impact of...
people's expectations of others can influence the behavior of others
Rosenthal and Jacobson's "Pygmalion in the classroom" study showed that...
self-fulfilling prophecies
The country of superlia increase the size of its military force because it's leaders inappropriately anticipated that their rival, the country of pieopia, would do the same. The piropians subsequently felt it was necessary to respond to the superlian military buildup with a military expansion of their own. the piropian response best illustrates the danger of...
the foot-in-the-door phenomenon
The gradually escalating levels of destructive obedience in the Milgram experiment best illustrates one of the potential dangers of...
altruism
The tragic murder of kitty outside her New York apartment stimulated social psychological research on...
nonconformity
a culture that promotes individual isn't is most likely to encourage...
personality traits; assigned roles
a dispositional attribution is to _____ as a situational attribution is to ____.
The cost-benefit analysis of any action
according to social exchange theory, persons tendency towards altruistic behavior is based on:
attractive, famous, and perceived as experts
advertisements are made more effective when the communicators are...
frustration - aggression principle
after Maddie's father refused to let her use the family car on Friday night, Maddi let all the air out of the tires. Her action is best explained in terms of the...
informational social influence
after hearing respected medical authorities of lecture about the value of regular exercise Raul who has very rarely exercise begins to jog regularly. The change in Raul's behavior best illustrates the impact of...
The reciprocity norm
after she received a free hand painted Christmas ornament from a religious organization Mrs. Smith felt obligated to mail a cash donation to the organization. Her response to the free gift best illustrates the impact of...
The mere exposure effect
after three months of riding the 830 bus to work, Cindy has actually started to feel affection for the gruff and scolding old bus driver. Cindy's reaction best illustrates...
self serving bias
after your schools football team has a big win, students in the calls can be heard saying "we are awesome." the next week, after the team loses to the last place team in the league, the same students lament that "they were terrible." the difference in these comments illustrates....
groupthink
an overwhelming desire for harmony and a decision - making group increases the probability of...
self-worth
disparaging or belittling a despised outgroup provides people with a heightened sense of their own...
ingroup bias
during a Girl Scout picnic, Jessica was randomly selected to be on one baseball team and Rachel on the opposing team. Before the game started Jessica and Rachel were each convinced that their own team was the better one. The girls beliefs best illustrate...
cognitive dissonance theory
during a test alex copied several answers from a nearby students paper. He felt very uncomfortable about having done this until he convinced himself that copying answers is not wrong if classmates are careless enough to expose their test sheets. Which theory best explains why alex adopted this new attitude...
scapegoat theory
ever since he lost his job because he was constantly late for work, Richard has become increasingly hostile towards the government bureaucrats who are leading the country toward bankruptcy. Richards increasing prejudice is best explained in terms of...
social facilitation
expert pool players were observed to make 71% of the shots when alone. when four people watched them they made 80% of their shots. This best illustrates...
mirror - image perceptions
haley thinks Keith's silence indicates that he's angry, so she avoids talking to him. Unfortunately, Keith thanks Haley's quietness signifies that she is angry and wants to be left alone. The situation illustrates...
we explain strangers' behavior in terms of personality traits and our own behavior in terms of situational constraints
how does our explanation of stranger' behavior differ from that of our own behavior?
it improves performance on easy tasks and hinders a person's performance on difficult tasks
how does the presence of observers affect a person's performance?
the chameleon effect
if one student in a classroom begins to cough, others are likely to do the same. this best illustrates...
they perceive their orders to come from legitimate authority figures
in 1942 reserve police offices obeyed orders to kill some 1500 Jews in a village in Poland. This incident illustrated that people are most likely to be distructively obedient when:
deindividuation
individuals who are normally law-abiding may vandalize a loot when they become part of a mob. This change in behavior is best understood in terms of...
familiarity breeds fondness
mere exposure effect demonstates that...
the just-world phenomenon
mr. Potter thinks that most unemployed people are to blame for their own misfortune. His belief bus illustrates a potential consequence of...
door-in-the-face
on Monday, trinity asked her teacher to postpone Tuesday's test to Friday. after her teach her flatly refused, trinity asked the teacher to push the test to Wednesday. trinity is using the compliance strategy known as...
deindividuation
on their second date, megan confides in taylor that she loves to watch rugrats. he in turn, tells her that he still cries when watching Bambi. these two lovers will be brought closer through the process of...
actions may sometimes be inconsistent with attitudes
politicians who publicly oppose a tax increase that they privately favor best illustrates that:
catharsis hypothesis
research on the effects of playing violent video games most clearly provides evidence that disconfirms the...
exert less effort when they are pulling their efforts towards a common goal
social loafing refers to the tendency for people to...
conflicting parties each pursue their self interest and become caught in mutually destructive behavior
social traps are situations in which...
even when the groups judgement was clearly incorrect
solomon asch reported that individuals conformed to a groups judgement of the lengths of lines
attitudes, intelligence, age, economic status
we are likely to prefer as friends those who are similar to us in...
different from one another; similar to one another
we tend to perceive the member of an ingroup as____ and the member of the outgroup as____
The bystander effect
when 68-year-old Everest had a flat tire on a fairly isolated Highway, he received help from a passerby in less than 10 minutes. One year later, he had a flat tire on a busy freeway and an hour elapse before someone finally stopped to offer assistance. Everest experience best illustrates...
the foot-in-the-door phenomenon
when a sales person visits your home and asks you to try a free sample of a cleaning fluid you agree. When he returns the following week and asks you to purchase an assortment of expensive cleaning products you make the purchase. The sales person appears to have made active use of...
give the group a task that can't be solved unless they work together
which of the following suggestions is most likely to reduce the hostility felt between antagonistic groups?
cognitive dissonance theory
which theory best explains why our actions can lead us to modify our attitudes?
the fundamental attribution error
your new neighbor seems to know everything about Ancient Greece that your social studies teacher says during the first week of class. you conclude that she is brilliant. you do not consider that she might have already learned about it in her old school. you are evidencing...
stereotypes
Drew believes that most young woman from California are extremely good looking and that extremely good looking women are usually selfish egotistical. his beliefs are examples of...
dispositions or their situations
Fritz Heider concluded that people tend to attribute others behavior either to their:
the highest level of shock supposedly administered
I'm the milgram studies, the dependent measure was...
they see another subject disobey instructions
based on findings from Milgram's obedience studies, participants would be less likely to follow the experimenters order when:
Group polarizatiom
by providing prospective terrorists with electronic chat room for interfacing online with others who share their attitudes the Internet most likely serves as a medium for...