Psych Exam 3
A person who experiences defensive self-esteem is ________ to demonstrate self-serving bias and is ________ to feel angry when criticized. unlikely; likely likely; likely likely; unlikely unlikely; unlikely
b
A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of openness. conscientiousness. neuroticism. extraversion.
b
Freud would have suggested that an excessive fixation is most likely to contribute to an inferiority complex. regression. reciprocal determinism. free association.
b
Montel, a White university student, is on academic probation for poor grades. Ever since he received notice of his probation, Montel has become increasingly hostile toward racial minority students and staff on campus. His increasing hostility can best be explained in terms of the other-race effect. scapegoat theory. the blame-the-victim dynamic. the just-world phenomenon.
b
The impact of our actions on our attitudes is best illustrated by the central route persuasion. foot-in-the-door phenomenon. peripheral route persuasion. fundamental attribution error.
b
Freud suggested that the process of identification is most directly responsible for strengthening free association. the Oedipus complex. the superego. erogenous zones.
c
Mrs. Smith, who is White and unconsciously in favor of racial segregation, tells her friends that most Blacks prefer to live in residential neighborhoods inhabited predominantly by Blacks. According to psychoanalytic theory, Mrs. Smith best illustrates reaction formation. regression. projection. displacement.
c
The social -cognitive perspective is least likely to be criticized for neglecting the importance of:
environmental influences
A wide economic gulf between a country's rich and poor is especially likely to be associated with high crime rates. hindsight bias. implicit prejudice. the just-world phenomenon.
a
Gene spends a good deal of time bragging about his numerous sexual exploits. Freud would have suggested that Gene is fixated at the ________ stage. phallic anal latency oral
a
Humanistic psychologists would most likely be criticized for underestimating the value of social obligations. the self-concept. individualism. unconditional positive regard.
a
Mental exhaustion and sleep deprivation can lead to aggression because they often deplete self-control. the other-race effect. ingroup bias. social scripts.
a
People who blame victims of cancer for their medical misfortune best illustrate the just-world phenomenon. social scripts. scapegoating. stereotyping.
a
Social-cognitive theories are LEAST likely to be criticized for neglecting the importance of environmental influences. personality traits. unconscious motives. genetic influences.
a
The same set of harmful social pressures that corrupts some individuals can lead others to respond with a healthy resistance. This best illustrates the ________ of social control and personal control. interaction deindividuation conformity
a
The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races is called the other-race effect. scapegoating. ingroup bias. outgroup homogeneity
a
We have a tendency to explain the behavior of strangers we have observed in only one type of situation in terms of ________ and to explain our own behavior in terms of ________. personality traits; situational constraints attitudes; cognitive dissonance cognitive dissonance; attitudes situational constraints; personality traits
a
When New York University women were dressed in Ku Klux Klan-style hoods, they demonstrated significantly more aggression. This finding is best explained in terms of groupthink. deindividuation. social facilitation. mood linkage.
b
Which theorists are most likely to be criticized for underestimating the variability of behavior from situation to situation? social-cognitive trait psychodynamic humanistic
b
Which theory most clearly suggests that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame when things go wrong? social scripts scapegoat theory discrimination the just-world phenomenon
b
Professor Janis was hired to help the campus police avoid riots after football game losses. He knows these riots are caused by situations that foster deindividuation. To help counteract deindividuation, the authorities should increase arousal. increase feelings of anonymity. increase self-awareness. increase antisocial behavior.
c
Unlike country, pop, and religious music lovers, those who prefer classical, jazz, blues, and folk music tend to score high on the Big Five trait dimension known as conscientiousness. extraversion. openness. neuroticism.
c
When shown computer-generated faces of men that are slightly feminized or slightly masculinized, people prefer the slightly ________ faces. Women are most likely to perceive a man with a slightly ________ face as having placed a personal ad seeking a "special lady to love and cherish." masculinized; masculinized feminized; masculinized feminized; feminized masculinized; feminized
c
Creating groups based on the outcome of a coin toss leads people to favor their own new group when dividing any rewards. This best illustrates the just-world phenomenon. outgroup homogeneity. social scripts. ingroup bias.
d
During deliberations on a rape case, some of the jurors commented that the victim had a history of going out to various bars and had been dressed too provocatively. Looking like that, they believed, she asked to be assaulted. The jurors' comments are best explained in terms of the frustration-aggression principle. scapegoat theory. social scripts. just-world phenomenon.
d
In every one of the 53 countries surveyed, people typically expressed self-esteem above the midpoint of the most widely used self-esteem scale. This best illustrates the pervasiveness of extraversion. unconditional positive regard. the spotlight effect. self-serving bias.
d
The concept of possible selves is to ________ as the concept of reciprocal determinism is to ________. Bandura; Markus Bandura; Allport Allport; Bandura Markus; Bandura
d
The stability of personality traits is best illustrated by the consistency of unconditional positive regard. factor analysis. self-transcendence. expressive styles.
d
Those who score high on the Big Five trait of _____ tend to have a larger frontal lobe area that aids in planning and controlling behavior. extraversion neuroticism agreeableness conscientiousness
d
Which of the following persons is most clearly acting aggressively? a noisy neighbor who often mows his lawn at 8 o'clock on Saturday mornings an assertive salesperson who interrupts your evening meal with a telephone sales pitch a careless motorist who accidentally smashes into the fender of a parked car a child who tries to hit another child with a rock
d
Humanistic theorists have been criticized for:
underestimating human capacity for evil and destructiveness
