Psychology 2301 - Chapters 6 Review

Organisms learn to associate a behavior and its consequences. An example is when we show up to work. we get paid so we continue to show up to work.

Operant Conditioning

Name the four means of modifying behavior discussed in operant conditioning.

Positive Reinforcement, Positive Punishment, Negative Reinforcement, and Negative Punishment

The ________ theory explains that the immediate associations involved in a conditioned taste aversion are a result of adaptation that helps us learn to avoid foods that are potentially harmful.

Evolutionary

is when reinforcement is delivered at predictable time intervals. Example is patients take pain meds at set times.

Fixed Interval reinforcement schedule

Dymesha watches her older sister do headstands. Dymesha falls over when she attempts to do a headstand herself. She watches her older sister more carefully, and she notices that her sister leans backward slightly to complete her headstand. Dymesha is then able to do headstands herself. Which type of learning is this?

Observational

Rescorla

According to psychologist ________ classical conditioning is effective because of the ability of a person or animal to predict the relationship between the UCS and the CS

spontaneous recovery

After a hurricane warning came across the television, young Eli became terrified of the alarm sound that signaled a severe weather warning. Over the next few months, he heard it several times when the required monthly tests, came on the television, and his fear faded away. One day the alarm sounded and Eli jumped up and ran out of the room. This return of a previously extinguished response is called

If the principles of social learning theory are true, then children may model aggressive behavior ________.

After seeing a television character receive an award for taking violent action against another character

Edward C. Tolman

Although B. F. Skinner and John B. Watson refused to believe that thoughts and expectations play a role in learning, ________ suggested a cognitive aspect to learning.

Negative Reinforcement

Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using ________.

associative learning

Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning.

Is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and consequently, to anticipate events. An example, is Dogs were conditioned to associate the sounds of a bell with food.

Classical conditioning

Jemma wants to teach her son to say thank you. Every time he says thank you, Jemma praises him and gives him a hug. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

Continuous

is when reinforcement is delivered after a predictable number of responses.

Fixed Ratio

Variable ratio

Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

Which statement about B.F. Skinner is correct?

He is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning: The motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated.

Partial

In ________ reinforcement, the person or animal is not reinforced every time a desired behavior is performed.

learned behavior

What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?

stimulus generalization

You are a big fan of your grandmother's chocolate chip cookies. Just the smell of them causes you to feel hungry. One night she is making chocolate chip oatmeal almond cookies, a variation of her usual recipe. You smell the baking cookies and even though it is different from her usual cookie scent, you still suddenly feel hungry for a treat. This demonstrates the classical conditioning principle of ________.

stimulus discrimination

You begin to salivate when you smell your favorite cake in the oven, but not when you smell the gross scent of a dirty diaper. This is an example of ________.