Psychology 440 Exam 1
Projection
Attributing one's own unacceptable and disturbing thoughts and impulses to someone else.
Repression
A dangerous impulse is actively and totally excluded from consciousness.
retentive expulsive
Anal ________ and Anal ________.
Treatment
Control
Correlational Design
Correlation Coefficient Causality
Internal Validity
Causal relations
Sublimation
Channeling socially unacceptable impulses into acceptable, even admirable, behavior.
Latency Stage
Fourth Stage
Sample Selection
Fourth step
Non-Manipulated Variables
Gender, traits, abuse
External Validity
Generalizability
Genital Stage
Fifth Stage
Operationalize Variables
Fifth step
Criterion Variable
Dependent Variable
Rationalization
Devising an extremely "reasonable" explanation or excuse for an event or behavior that threatens the person's esteem.
Independent Variable
Manipulate
Interpersonal Stories
Measurement Narrative and biographic materials.
Interaction Episodes Behavior Psychology
Measurement Observation in the natural environments.
Intrapsychic Mystery
Measurement Responses to ambiguous stimuli (Rorschach)
Interaction Episodes Trait Psychology
Measurement Self- and other- reports of traits
Interpretive Structures
Measurement Self-reports of subjective experiences; self-concept scales.
Dependent Variable
Observe
Id
Pleasure Principle Primary Process Thinking
Interpretive Structures
Points of Emphasis Cognitions; meaning-making; self-concepts, subjective conscious experience.
Interpersonal Stories
Points of Emphasis Interpersonal relationships, motivations, emotions, identity.
Interaction Episodes Trait Psychology
Points of Emphasis Psychological Traits, Goodness of Fit
Interaction Episodes Behavior Psychology
Points of Emphasis Situations, Reinforcers, Punishers.
Intrapsychic Mystery
Points of Emphasis Unconscious desires, conflicts, biological instincts (sex, aggression).
Research Design
Sixth Step experimental correlational case study
Ego
Reality principle Secondary process thinking Defense mechanisms
Personality Psychology
Scientific study of the whole person.
Anal Stage
Second Stage
Theory Development
Second step terminology correspondence rules hypothesis
Displacement
Shifting an impulse from a threatening to a non-threatening object.
Predictor Variable
Independent Variable
Experimental Design
Independent and Dependent Variables Internal and External validity
Life Stories
Internalized and evolving narratives of the self that people construct to integrate the past, present, future; and provide life with some sense of unity, purpose & meaning
Interaction Episodes Behavior Psychology
Intervention Change environmental conditions that surround behavior.
Interaction Episodes Trait Psychology
Intervention Optimize person-environment fit.
Interpersonal Stories
Intervention Talk therapy to illuminate and reframe life story.
Intrapsychic Mystery
Intervention Talk therapy to make the unconscious conscious
Interpretive Structures
Intervention Talk therapy to understand subjective experiences and re-consider cognitive interpretations of self and world.
Interpretive Structures
To determine the person's own strategies, plans, and the frameworks for understanding the self and the world.
Interpersonal Stories
To discern or construct a narrative that depicts the psychosocial pattern or form of the person's life, embedded in a world of other persons.
Interaction Episodes
To identify the variables in the person and in the environment that must be known in order to predict the person's overt behavior in a given situation.
Intrapsychic mysteries
To uncover the hidden forces, factors, and conflicts within the person that serve as the ultimate determinants of personality.
Reaction Formation
Warding off an unacceptable impulse by over-emphasizing its opposite in thought and behavior.
Conflict
We are characterized by conflicts: with the society, our instinctual psychological needs Realistic vs neurotic
Oedipus and Electra
_________ complex and _________ complex.
Oral Stage
first stage
Superego
self-critical conscience reflecting social standards learned from parents and teachers.
Determinism
all behaviors are determined, mostly by internal impulses.
Dispositional traits
Broad dimensions of personality that describe assumedly internal, global, and stable individual differences in behavior, thought, and feeling.
passive sadistic
Oral _________ and Oral _________.
Interpretive Structures
Representative Theorists Carl Rogers, Albert Ellis
Interpersonal Stories
Representative Theorists Henry Murray, Erik Erikson.
Regression
Retreating to an earlier and more primitive stage or mode of behavior in order to avoid pain, threat, or anxiety.
Phallic Stage
Third Stage
Hypotheses
Third step
Unsystematic Observation
First step
Interaction Episodes Trait Psychology
Goal of Inquiry Identify biologically-based variables within persons to predict behavior.
Interaction Episodes Behavior Psychology
Goal of Inquiry Identify variables in environments to predict behavior.
Interpretive Structures
Goal of Inquiry To determine the person's strategies and frameworks for understanding the self and world.
Interpersonal Stories
Goal of Inquiry To discern the narrative that depicts the person's life story, embedded in a social world.
Intrapsychic Mystery
Goal of Inquiry Uncover the hidden forces within the person to understand behavior.
Characteristic Adaptations
More particular facets of personality that describe personal adaptations to motivational, cognitive, and developmental challenges & tasks
Interaction Episodes Trait Psychology
Representative Theorist Hans Eysenck
Intrapsychic Mystery
Representative Theorist Sigmund Freud
Interaction Episodes Behavior Psychology
Representative Theorists B.F. Skinner
The Unconscious
The major determinants of our personality are unconscious processes
