Psychology Chapter 5
_____ theory states that dreams are byproducts of random stimulation of brain cells, whereas the _____ view suggests that dreams serve an information-processing function and help us sift through our everyday experiences and thoughts.
. Activation-synthesis; cognitive
Which one of the following is NOT an altered state of consciousness?
. reading a book
The average middle-aged adult spends what percentage of sleep time in REM sleep?
20%
Which of the following statements would be MOST accurate about hypnosis?
Some parts of a person's recall memory may be improved, but the number of errors made under hypnosis increases.
Which stage of sleep is characterized by sleep spindles?
Stage 2 sleep
Which stage of sleep is characterized by delta waves?
Stage 3-4 sleep
Which of the following is TRUE regarding a typical night's sleep cycles?
Stages 3 and 4 decrease; REM sleep increases during the night
_____ act on the nervous system to increase its overall activity and general responsiveness.
Stimulants
What is true about antagonist drugs?
They inhibit the effect of neurotransmitters.
_____ is the development of decreasing sensitivity to a drug because of continued use, whereas _____ is the development of decreasing sensitivity to a drug because of the use of another drug.
Tolerance; cross-tolerance
Sexual arousal during sleep can occur without having a sexual dream. True or False
True
What is MOST likely to happen to your sleep cycles the first time you get uninterrupted sleep after missing several night's sleep cramming for an exam?
You have more than the usual amount of REM sleep.
The repair/restoration theory of sleep says that sleep serves _____.
a recuperative function, following depletion of key brain and body resources
Drugs that change conscious awareness or perception are called _____.
psychoactive
Disruptions in circadian rhythms lead to which of the following?
reduced concentration
What is involved in the operation of circadian rhythms?
suprachiasmic nucleus
Freud believed that dreams provide an outlet for _____.
unacceptable desires
What is a characteristic of REM sleep?
unresponsive muscles
Discomfort and distress, including physical pain and intense cravings after stopping the use of an addictive drug, is called _____.
withdrawal
__________, the date rape drug, is colorless and tasteless and can easily be given to someone without her or his knowledge.
Rohypno
_____ occur early in the sleep cycle during non-REM sleep and are characterized by a state of panic.
Sleep terrors
All of the following physiological processes can be changed during meditation
A. brain activity B. oxygen consumption C. heart rate and blood pressure
Altered states of consciousness can be achieved in all of the following ways
A. during sleep and dreaming B. the use of psychoactive drugs C. hypnosis and meditation NOT through exercise and diet
Which one of the following is an altered state of consciousness?
A.meditation B. sleeping C. hypnosis
After taking Seconal (a barbiturate, a central nervous system depressant) prescribed by her doctor, your friend tells you that she is planning to drink a glass of wine to help her mellow out. Based on what you know about drugs, what would your BEST response to her be?
Bad idea; taken together they can relax the diaphragm and cause suffocation.
_____ can be defined as our awareness of our environments and ourselves.
Consciousness
_____ act(s) on the CNS to suppress or slow bodily processes and reduce overall responsiveness.
Depressants
Which of the following club drugs increases levels of serotonin released?
Ecstasy
This is a method of dream interpretation that emphasizes the roles of manifest and latent dream content.
Freud's wish-fulfillment theory
Which of the following club drugs increases levels of dopamine?
GHB
_____ is an altered state of heightened suggestibility characterized by deep relaxation and intense focus.
Hypnosis
Chronic use of _____ can produce lasting damage to serotonin-releasing neurotransmitters.
MDMA
_____ is a group of techniques designed to refocus attention and block out distractions.
Meditation
These brief, repeated periods of "sleep" lasting only a few seconds occur as a result of sleep loss.
Microsleep
Which of the following methods would be BEST for dealing with a sleep problem such as insomnia?
Perform progressive muscle relaxation
A nightmare usually occurs during _____.
REM sleep
The idea that dreams are the byproduct of random stimulation of brain cells, and that the brain attempts to combine this spontaneous activity into coherent patterns, is known as the _____ hypothesis of dreaming.
activation-synthesis
The theory of sleep that BEST explains why bears hibernate all winter is the _____ theory.
adaptation/protection
When a drug enhances the effect of a neurotransmitter, the drug is acting as an _____.
agonist
Consciousness is defined as _____.
an awareness of one's internal events and of the external environment
When a drug blocks a neurotransmitter's effect, the drug is acting as a(an) _____.
antagonist
What types of drugs are typically given to reduce the frequency and intensity of symptoms associated with narcolepsy?
antidepressants and stimulants
Body temperature is lowest at what time of day
between midnight and 6 AM
Circadian rhythms are _____.
biological changes that occur on a 24-hour cycle
Which of the following lists contain ONLY psychoactive drugs?
caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol
The adaptation/protection theory of sleep says that sleep _____.
conserves energy and protects us from predators
What hormone increases in our bodies when we are sleep deprived?
cortisol
Hallucinogens are _____.
drugs that produce sensory or perceptual distortions
Which animal spends the least amount of time sleeping in a given night?
horse
The persistent inability to fall or stay asleep, or awakening too early, is a symptom of _____.
insomnia
The _____ content of a dream is the true, unconscious meaning of the dream.
latent
