Psychology Chapter 8
People with an IQ of ______ have a mental age that is identical to their chronological age.
100
By what age should an infant be able to inhibit behavior when commanded by an examiner, as demonstrated in the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?
12 months of age
The Binet Tests
30 items ranging from the ability to touch one's nose to ear when asked to the ability to draw designs from memory and define abstract concepts. The core intelligence consists of complex cognigitive processes such as memory, imagery, comprehension and judgement.
Studies of brain volume show ______ correlation between brain size and intelligence.
A moderate
Which factors did Robert J. Sternberg consider to be part of the definition of intelligence? (Choose every correct answer.)
Ability to adapt, shape, and select environments Developing strategies to improve shortcomings Weighing options carefully
Which of the following is the best example of stereotype threat?
African American students do as well as White students on standardized tests as long as they think that the test does not count.
Who created the first intelligence test
Alfred Binet
Who is credited with the development of the first intelligence test?
Alfred Binet
mental age
An individual level of mental development relative to that of others.
intelligence quotient (IQ)
An individual's mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100; devised in 1912 by William Stern.
Which of the following statements about stability and change in intelligence during childhood is accurate?
Children have the capacity for intellectual change.
Young children whose parents ______ have been shown to score higher on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence test.
Communicated with them more
An assessment of individuals of different ages at the same point in time is a ______ study.
Cross-sectional
One's accumulated information and verbal skills are components of ______ intelligence.
Crystallized
A test that has questions familiar to children from all socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds is an example of what type of test?
Culture-fair
People in ______ cultures tend to see intelligence as a way for members of a community to engage successfully in social roles.
Eastern
_____________ intelligence emphasis interpersonal, interpersonal, and practical aspects of intelligence
Emotional
With regard to wisdom, the research of Baltes and colleagues shows which of the following?
Factors other than age are critical for wisdom to develop at high levels. Personality-related factors such as openness contribute to wisdom. High levels of wisdom are rare.
True or false: According to Gardner, each person has only one of his eight types of intelligence.
False
True or false: On Binet's test, a person's mental age is always the same as his or her chronological age.
False
True or false: Researchers have found that there is a significant difference in the average correlations between the IQs for identical and fraternal twins.
False
Which of the following are some of the composite scores that make up the Weschler Intelligence Scales? (Select all that apply)
Fluid Reasoning Processing Speed Visual Spatial Working Memory
The most prominent finding from brain-imaging studies is that a distributed neural network involving which two of the following are related to higher intelligence?
Frontal lobe Parietal lobe
The more parents communicate with their children, the ______ the children's IQ scores are.
Higher
Which of the following is NOT one of the types of intelligence discussed in Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?
Imaginative Intelligence
Which of the following concepts encompasses problem-solving skills and the ability to learn from and adapt to experiences?
Intelligence
The intelligence proposed by Howard Gardner that involves the ability to understand oneself is called ______ intelligence.
Intrapersonal
For a child who shows high verbal abilities, Gardner might suggest an occupation such as:
Journalism
A(n) ______ study studies the same individuals over a period of time.
Longitudinal
Cognitive _______ is the "hardware" of the mind.
Mechanics
_______age is Binet's measure of an individual's level of intellectual development compared with that of others.
Mental
Alfred Binet developed the first intelligence test because school officials wanted to determine a ______ who would not benefit from typical school instruction.
Method of identifying children
Why are most tests not considered culture-fair?
Most tests tend to reflect what the dominant culture deems important.
Which four of the following are among Gardner's proposed types of intelligences?
Musical, interpersonal, Spatial, Verbal
Emotional intelligence is defined by which of the following abilities?
Perceive, use, understand, manage, handle emotions
Which of the following is NOT a finding of the Seattle Longitudinal Study?
Perceptual speed increased in middle adulthood.
Students high in ______ intelligence may not do well in school, but their excellent social skills and good common sense often lead them to career success outside of school.
Practical
______ intelligence involves the ability to use, apply, and implement ideas.
Practical
Which of the following types of intelligence do NOT conform to the patterns favored in conventional schooling? (Select all that apply)
Practical intelligence Creative intelligence
Which of the following was an extensive study of intellectual abilities during adulthood?
Seattle Longitudinal Study
All of the following are similar categories of intelligence EXCEPT:
Spatial Intelligence
Of the following, which is one of the most widely used individual tests of intelligence used today?
Standford Binet 5
One potential influence on intelligence test performance is anxiety over whether one's behavior might confirm a negative assumption about one's group. This is referred to as:
Stereotype threat
triarchic theory of intelligence
Sternberg's theory that intelligence consists of analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
Sternberg's theory that intelligence consists of analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence.
Emotional Intelligence
The ability to perceive and express emotions accurately and adaptively, to understand emotion and emotional knowledge, to use feelings to facilitate thought, and to manage emotions in oneself and others.
Intelligence
The ability to solve problems and adapt to and learn from experiences.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Wechsler Intelligence Scales?
The scales begin before children reach the school-age range.
Which of the following is associated with Howard Gardner?
Theory of multiple intelligences
True or false: As they age, children's intelligence changes, but it remains connected to earlier points in their development.
True
True or false: Researchers have not been able to identify the specific genes that contribute to intelligence.
True
Identify the six mental abilities assessed in the Seattle Longitudinal Study.
Verbal ability Verbal memory Spatial orientation Perceptual speed Inductive reasoning verbal comprehension Numeric ability
Wechsler Scales
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Which term refers to expert knowledge about practical aspects of life?
Wisdom
How is fluid intelligence defined?
as the ability to reason effectively
According to Schaie's research, the cross-sectional approach shows a ______ in inductive reasoning with age; while the longitudinal approach shows a ______ of inductive reasoning in middle adulthood.
decline; slight rise
According to Howard Gardner, people:
have multiple intelligences, and IQ tests only measure a few of them.
People with an IQ of 115 have a:
higher mental age than their chronological age.
According to the Bayley-III, a 6-month-old infant should be able to do all of the following EXCEPT
imitate words the examiner says.
Emotional intelligence is defined by which of the following abilities?
intelligence emphasizes interpersonal, intrapersonal, and practical aspects of intelligence.
A(n) _________distrubution is a symmetrical curve with a majority of the cases falling in the middle of the range of possible scores
normal
As compared to cross-sectional findings about cognition in middle age, longitudinal studies find
reasoning abilities rise in middle age.
Garder's Theory of Multiple Intelligences
seven types of intelligence: linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, visual-spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal and interpersonal
Findings from the Seattle Longitudinal Study of cognitive abilities across the life span indicated that:
there were more peaks than declines in cognitive abilities in middle age.
Which of the following areas are included on the Stanford-Binet 5?
visual-spatial reasoning working memory fluid reasoning knowledge quantitative reasoning