Psychology Chapter 8

People with an IQ of ______ have a mental age that is identical to their chronological age.

100

By what age should an infant be able to inhibit behavior when commanded by an examiner, as demonstrated in the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?

12 months of age

The Binet Tests

30 items ranging from the ability to touch one's nose to ear when asked to the ability to draw designs from memory and define abstract concepts. The core intelligence consists of complex cognigitive processes such as memory, imagery, comprehension and judgement.

Studies of brain volume show ______ correlation between brain size and intelligence.

A moderate

Which factors did Robert J. Sternberg consider to be part of the definition of intelligence? (Choose every correct answer.)

Ability to adapt, shape, and select environments Developing strategies to improve shortcomings Weighing options carefully

Which of the following is the best example of stereotype threat?

African American students do as well as White students on standardized tests as long as they think that the test does not count.

Who created the first intelligence test

Alfred Binet

Who is credited with the development of the first intelligence test?

Alfred Binet

mental age

An individual level of mental development relative to that of others.

intelligence quotient (IQ)

An individual's mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100; devised in 1912 by William Stern.

Which of the following statements about stability and change in intelligence during childhood is accurate?

Children have the capacity for intellectual change.

Young children whose parents ______ have been shown to score higher on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence test.

Communicated with them more

An assessment of individuals of different ages at the same point in time is a ______ study.

Cross-sectional

One's accumulated information and verbal skills are components of ______ intelligence.

Crystallized

A test that has questions familiar to children from all socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds is an example of what type of test?

Culture-fair

People in ______ cultures tend to see intelligence as a way for members of a community to engage successfully in social roles.

Eastern

_____________ intelligence emphasis interpersonal, interpersonal, and practical aspects of intelligence

Emotional

With regard to wisdom, the research of Baltes and colleagues shows which of the following?

Factors other than age are critical for wisdom to develop at high levels. Personality-related factors such as openness contribute to wisdom. High levels of wisdom are rare.

True or false: According to Gardner, each person has only one of his eight types of intelligence.

False

True or false: On Binet's test, a person's mental age is always the same as his or her chronological age.

False

True or false: Researchers have found that there is a significant difference in the average correlations between the IQs for identical and fraternal twins.

False

Which of the following are some of the composite scores that make up the Weschler Intelligence Scales? (Select all that apply)

Fluid Reasoning Processing Speed Visual Spatial Working Memory

The most prominent finding from brain-imaging studies is that a distributed neural network involving which two of the following are related to higher intelligence?

Frontal lobe Parietal lobe

The more parents communicate with their children, the ______ the children's IQ scores are.

Higher

Which of the following is NOT one of the types of intelligence discussed in Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?

Imaginative Intelligence

Which of the following concepts encompasses problem-solving skills and the ability to learn from and adapt to experiences?

Intelligence

The intelligence proposed by Howard Gardner that involves the ability to understand oneself is called ______ intelligence.

Intrapersonal

For a child who shows high verbal abilities, Gardner might suggest an occupation such as:

Journalism

A(n) ______ study studies the same individuals over a period of time.

Longitudinal

Cognitive _______ is the "hardware" of the mind.

Mechanics

_______age is Binet's measure of an individual's level of intellectual development compared with that of others.

Mental

Alfred Binet developed the first intelligence test because school officials wanted to determine a ______ who would not benefit from typical school instruction.

Method of identifying children

Why are most tests not considered culture-fair?

Most tests tend to reflect what the dominant culture deems important.

Which four of the following are among Gardner's proposed types of intelligences?

Musical, interpersonal, Spatial, Verbal

Emotional intelligence is defined by which of the following abilities?

Perceive, use, understand, manage, handle emotions

Which of the following is NOT a finding of the Seattle Longitudinal Study?

Perceptual speed increased in middle adulthood.

Students high in ______ intelligence may not do well in school, but their excellent social skills and good common sense often lead them to career success outside of school.

Practical

______ intelligence involves the ability to use, apply, and implement ideas.

Practical

Which of the following types of intelligence do NOT conform to the patterns favored in conventional schooling? (Select all that apply)

Practical intelligence Creative intelligence

Which of the following was an extensive study of intellectual abilities during adulthood?

Seattle Longitudinal Study

All of the following are similar categories of intelligence EXCEPT:

Spatial Intelligence

Of the following, which is one of the most widely used individual tests of intelligence used today?

Standford Binet 5

One potential influence on intelligence test performance is anxiety over whether one's behavior might confirm a negative assumption about one's group. This is referred to as:

Stereotype threat

triarchic theory of intelligence

Sternberg's theory that intelligence consists of analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence

Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

Sternberg's theory that intelligence consists of analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence.

Emotional Intelligence

The ability to perceive and express emotions accurately and adaptively, to understand emotion and emotional knowledge, to use feelings to facilitate thought, and to manage emotions in oneself and others.

Intelligence

The ability to solve problems and adapt to and learn from experiences.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Wechsler Intelligence Scales?

The scales begin before children reach the school-age range.

Which of the following is associated with Howard Gardner?

Theory of multiple intelligences

True or false: As they age, children's intelligence changes, but it remains connected to earlier points in their development.

True

True or false: Researchers have not been able to identify the specific genes that contribute to intelligence.

True

Identify the six mental abilities assessed in the Seattle Longitudinal Study.

Verbal ability Verbal memory Spatial orientation Perceptual speed Inductive reasoning verbal comprehension Numeric ability

Wechsler Scales

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)

Which term refers to expert knowledge about practical aspects of life?

Wisdom

How is fluid intelligence defined?

as the ability to reason effectively

According to Schaie's research, the cross-sectional approach shows a ______ in inductive reasoning with age; while the longitudinal approach shows a ______ of inductive reasoning in middle adulthood.

decline; slight rise

According to Howard Gardner, people:

have multiple intelligences, and IQ tests only measure a few of them.

People with an IQ of 115 have a:

higher mental age than their chronological age.

According to the Bayley-III, a 6-month-old infant should be able to do all of the following EXCEPT

imitate words the examiner says.

Emotional intelligence is defined by which of the following abilities?

intelligence emphasizes interpersonal, intrapersonal, and practical aspects of intelligence.

A(n) _________distrubution is a symmetrical curve with a majority of the cases falling in the middle of the range of possible scores

normal

As compared to cross-sectional findings about cognition in middle age, longitudinal studies find

reasoning abilities rise in middle age.

Garder's Theory of Multiple Intelligences

seven types of intelligence: linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, visual-spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal and interpersonal

Findings from the Seattle Longitudinal Study of cognitive abilities across the life span indicated that:

there were more peaks than declines in cognitive abilities in middle age.

Which of the following areas are included on the Stanford-Binet 5?

visual-spatial reasoning working memory fluid reasoning knowledge quantitative reasoning