Psychology Chapter Two Terms DUMBED DOWN
Power
Ability to measure and detect concrete conditions.
Informed Consent
Agreement between participant and researcher that includes all the risk the experiment may entail.
Manipulation
Artificial pattern of variation in a variable in order to determine causal powers.
Random Assignment
Assigning random people to an experimental or control group.
Internal Validity
Characteristics of experiment that relates variables.
Random Sampling
Choosing participants randomly.
Sample
Collection of people drawn from a population.
Operational Definition
Description of a property in concrete terms.
Debriefing
Description of the true nature and purpose of study.
Measure
Device that can detect concrete terms.
Electromyograph (EMG)
Device that measures muscle contractions of a person's skin.
Experiment
Establishing the casual relationship between variables.
Theory
Explanation of natural phenomenon.
Validity
Extent to which measurement and property are related.
Naturalistic Observation
Gathering scientific information of people in their natural environments.
Control Group
Group of people who aren't treated in an experiment.
Empiricism
Knowledge cans be acquired through observation.
Double-Blind
Observation where the purpose is hidden from both the observer and the people being observed.
Natural Correlation
Observations of the world around us.
Population
Participants who might possibly be measured.
Hypothesis
Prediction that can be proved false by a theory.
Scientific Method
Principles about the relationship between ideas and evidence.
Empirical Method
Rules and techniques for observation.
Demand Characteristics
Settings that cause people to behave the way they think they should.
Case Method
The gathering of scientific stuff by studying a single individual.
Dependent Variable
The variable that measured in a study.
Variable
Value can vary across individuals over time.
Independent Variable
Variable manipulated in an experiment.
Self-Selection
When a person tries to volunteer for and experiment and they try to change the result just to be helpful.
Third-Variable Correlation
When two variables are the same only because the third variable is related.
Correlation
When variables are synchronized with variations of the other value.
External Validity
When variables of an experiment are defined in normal, typical, and realistic ways.
