Psychology exam 1

The _______________ serves the involuntary systems of the body, such as the internal organs and glands. A. autonomic nervous system B. spinal cord C. central nervous system D. somatic nervous system

A. autonomic nervous system

The last process of the scientific method is to ___________. A. communicate B. observe C. test D. predict

A. communicate

Replication of a study is important to: A. confirm the results of the study. B. formulate the hypothesis of the study. C. express the expectations of the study. D. interpret the results of the study

A. confirm the results of the study.

When the central tenet of knowing is not what people think and believe, but rather how nature behaves, then we must accept the data and follow them wherever they take us. This attitude is known as __________. A. intellectual honesty B. scientific thinking C. open skepticism D. cultural understanding

A. intellectual honesty

The ______________ is the statistic that represents the most commonly occurring score or value. A. mode B. median C. range D. mean

A. mode

Alisha believes that human behavior is solely the result of genetic coding. Her point of view is referred to as the ______________ view. A. nature-only B. nurture-only C. environment-only D. evolution-only

A. nature-only

Few of the patients undergoing treatment for phobic disorder agree to participate in a clinical trial of a new antidepressant medication. The patients are randomly divided into two groups. Both groups receive pills to be taken on a daily basis, but only one of the groups receives pills with the newly produced active ingredients. The other group's pills contain no active ingredients. In this study, the pills that do not contain any active ingredients are said to be __________. A. placebos B. ipsatives C. nocebos D. normatives

A. placebos

A subset of a population is called a ___________. A. sample B. variable C. size D. set

A. sample

Cognitive science focuses on the scientific study of _____________. A. thought B. asylums C. computers D. school psychology

A. thought

______________ can be best defined as the study of the relationship between bodily systems and chemicals and their relationship to behavior and thought. A. Clinical psychology B. Biological psychology C. Social psychology D. Educational psychology

B. Biological psychology

______________ is the study of how we perceive information, how we learn and remember, how we acquire and use language, and how we solve problems. A. Social psychology B. Cognitive psychology C. Clinical psychology D. Educational psychology

B. Cognitive psychology

Which of the following is NOT a basic process of the scientific method? A. Observing B. Creating C. Interpreting D. Testing

B. Creating

______________ psychology is a blend of psychology, law, and criminal justice. A. Social B. Forensic C. Developmental D. Cognitive

B. Forensic

Which of the following is the first basic process of the scientific method? A. Predict B. Observe C. Test D. Interpret

B. Observe

___________ refers to practices that appear to be and claim to be science, but in fact do not use the scientific method to come to their conclusions. A. Antiscience B. Pseudoscience C. Bioscience D. Ethnoscience

B. Pseudoscience

______________ can be best defined as the study of how the real or imagined presence of others influences thought, feeling, and behavior. A. Clinical psychology B. Social psychology C. Educational psychology D. Industrial psychology

B. Social psychology

A(n) _____________ can be defined as a study design in which a psychologist, often a therapist, observes one person over a long period of time. A. naturalistic observation B. case study C. interview D. survey

B. case study

The following is an excerpt from an in-depth paper Dr. Smith, a therapist, wrote about her client: "Irene experienced the loss of her parents at an early age. She is now 36, divorced, and has two children. Irene has difficulty maintaining steady employment. Eight months ago, she was diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Irene is responding well to an experimental antidepressant and to cognitive behavioral therapy. She has a hopeful prognosis." This research method can be best termed as a(n) ___________. A. interview B. case study C. naturalistic observation D. survey

B. case study

The ___________ regulates almost all of our major drives and motives, including hunger, thirst, temperature, and sexual behavior. A. basal ganglia B. hypothalamus C. amygdala D. hippocampus

B. hypothalamus

A ____________ is a specific, informed, and testable prediction of what kind of outcome should occur under a particular condition. A. theory B. hypothesis C. replication D. variable

B. hypothesis

The _______________ structures are important in emotion and motivation. A. brain stem B. limbic system C. reticular formation D. sagittal plane

B. limbic system

Psyche, the root word of "psychology," comes from the Greek for _____________. A. heart B. soul C. mind D. personality

B. soul

______________ can be best defined as the study of the links among brain, mind, and behavior. A. Social psychology B. Industrial psychology C. Behavioral neuroscience D. Developmental psychology

C. Behavioral neuroscience

______________ psychologists treat and assess relatively healthy people and assist them with career and vocational interests. A. Cognitive B. Health C. Counseling D. Clinical

C. Counseling

Which of the following types of psychologists is most likely to conduct a research on how reasoning skills or emotional skills change with age? A. Clinical psychologist B. Behavioral psychologist C. Developmental psychologist D. Educational psychologist

C. Developmental psychologist

______________ are the rules governing the conduct of a person or group in general or in a specific situation and are also regarded as standards of right and wrong. A. Antics B. Ekistics C. Ethics D. Analytics

C. Ethics

_____________ are the cells that process and transmit information throughout the nervous system. A. Ions B. Glial cells C. Neurons D. Pons

C. Neurons

___________ entails collecting observations, or data, from the real world and evaluating whether those data support our ideas or not. A. Speculation B. Biases C. Science D. Hypotheses

C. Science

______________ plays a role in dreaming and in controlling emotional states such as anger, anxiety, and depression. A. GABA B. Glutamate C. Serotonin D. Dopamine

C. Serotonin

In terms of the nature-nurture debate, psychologists' contemporary view is that human behavior is: A. mostly a product of biology, inborn tendencies, and genetically based traits. B. mostly a product of environmental experience. C. a product of the interdependence between biology and experience. D. solely a product of ancestral influences.

C. a product of the interdependence between biology and experience.

In the fourth step of the scientific method, scientists use mathematical techniques to ______ the results and determine whether they are significant and whether they closely fit the prediction. A. communicate B. replicate C. interpret D. observe

C. interpret

The _____________ is the middle score, which separates the lower half of scores from the upper half. A. range B. mode C. median D. mean

C. median

Chan Lee, an Asian primatologist, studied different groups of gorillas over a period of 18 years. She studied them daily in the subtropical forests of Africa to understand their mating and reproductive habits. Based on her observations, Chan found that male gorillas are ready to mate when they are 15 years of age. In this scenario, descriptive method of research used by Chan can be best termed as a(n) ___________. A. interview B. case study C. naturalistic observation D. survey

C. naturalistic observation

Information is transmitted between neurons by means of chemicals called ___________. A. catecholamines B. neurotoxins C. neurotransmitters D. cortisol

C. neurotransmitters

In the __________ and ____________ stages of the scientific method, researchers express their expectations as a theory. A. communication; testing B. prediction; interpretation C. observation; prediction D. communication; prediction

C. observation; prediction

The _______________ play an important role in the sensation and perception of touch. A. occipital lobes B. frontal lobes C. parietal lobes D. temporal lobes

C. parietal lobes

The _______________ is known as the master gland of the body. A. adrenal gland B. thyroid gland C. pituitary gland D. tubular gland

C. pituitary gland

James has received training in medicine and has an MD degree; in addition to offering therapy he can prescribe drugs. Based on this information, it can be concluded that James is a: A. clinical psychologist. B. counseling psychologist. C. psychiatrist. D. psychologist with his own clinic.

C. psychiatrist.

Psychology is most accurately defined as the _____________. A. study of people through description and analysis of past events and artifacts B. study of people in terms of large-scale social forces and with a focus on groups rather than individuals C. scientific study of thought and behavior D. scientific study of human culture and origins

C. scientific study of thought and behavior

______ can diagnose disorders of technology use but also use the same technologies to help treat people with various kinds of disorders. A. Personality psychologists B. Cognitive psychologists C. Developmental psychologists D. Clinical psychologists

D. Clinical psychologists

In which of the following does each participant have an equal chance of being placed in each group? A. Surveys B. Naturalistic studies C. Interviews D. Random assignments

D. Random assignments

Who is considered the founder of American psychology? A. Elizabeth Loftus B. Carl Jung C. Sigmund Freud D. William James

D. William James

The ________________ is the part of the nervous system that comprises the brain and spinal cord. A. autonomic nervous system B. somatic nervous system C. peripheral nervous system D. central nervous system

D. central nervous system

In research analysis and reports, data are never directly aligned with an individual respondent, thereby protecting his or her identity. Thus, ____________ is maintained. A. credibility B. reliability C. validity D. confidentiality

D. confidentiality

In the ___________ system, glands secrete chemicals called hormones, which travel through the bloodstream to tissues and organs all over the body and regulate body functions. A. sympathetic nervous B. digestive C. parasympathetic nervous D. endocrine

D. endocrine

Children and teenagers act more impulsively than adults partially because their ______ are not fully developed. A. occipital lobes B. parietal lobes C. temporal lobes D. frontal lobes

D. frontal lobes

The ____________ is the arithmetic average of a series of numbers. A. range B. mode C. median D. mean

D. mean

According to Carl Sagan, ____________ is the second attitude of science. A. questioning authority B. intellectual honesty C. practical thinking D. open skepticism

D. open skepticism

According to the author, the first attitude of science is __________. A. practical thinking B. intellectual honesty C. questioning skepticism D. questioning authority

D. questioning authority