psychology ; Memory

According to Sperling, what is the capacity of iconic memory? a. everything that can be seen at one time b. everything that can be heard in one minute c. everything that can be sensed in one second d. everything that can be preserved in a lifetime

everything that can been at one time

The ability to remember where you where and what you were doing when the United States was attacked on September 11, 2001, is an example of a. eyewitness testimony b. encoding specificity c. false-memory syndrome d. flashbulb memory

flashbulb memory

___ memory includes what people can do or demonstrate, whereas___ memory is about what know and can report. a.nondeclarative; declarative b.declarative; nondeclarative c.semantic; procedural d.episodic; semantic

nondeclarative; declarative

In Hermann Ebbinghaus classic study on memory and the forgetting curve, how long after learning the lists does most forgetting happen? a. forgetting started immediately b. one hour c. five hours d. nine hours

one hour

Early studies of the capacity of short-term memory suggested that most people could remember approximately ___ bits of information. a. two b. three c. seven d. ten

seven

The semantic network model of memory suggests that the ___ nodes you must pass through to access information, the longer it will take for you to recall information. a. fewer b. more c. bigger the d. more complex the

more

Henry Gustav Molaison, infamously known as H.M, was unable to form new declarative memories. He suffered from what psychologists call a. psychogenic amnesia b. retrograde amnesia c. retroactive amnesia d. anterograde amnesia

anterograde amnesia

The tendency of certain elements to enter long-term memory with little or no effort to encode and organize them is what defines a. encoding specificity b. automatic encoding c. flashbulb memories d. eidetic imagery

automatic encoding

Which type of memory best explains the "What" phenomenon? a. iconic sensory memory b. echoic sensory memory c. short-term memory d. tactile sensory memory

echoic sensory memory

Research by Elizabeth Loftus shows that eyewitness recognition is very prone to what psychology call? a. automatic encoding b. false positive c. flashbulb memory d. a recency effect

false positive

The steps to memory can best be described as follows: a. finding it using it storing it using it again b.putting it in, keeping it in, getting it out c. sensing it perceiving it remembering it forgetting it d. a series of passive data files

putting it in, keeping it in, getting it out

For information to travel from sensory memory to short-term memory, it must first be ___ and then encoded primarily into___ form. a. unconsciously chosen; auditory b. selectively attended to; visual c. biologically chosen; visual d. selectively attended to; auditory

selectively attended to; auditory

When creating a presentation, many public speaking instructors will tell you to develop a strong opening or attention getter to your presentation as well as a good summary and finish. What aspect of memory best explains these suggestions? a. parallel distributing b. chucking c. elaborative rehearsal theory d. serial position phenomenon

serial position phenomenon

Your English instructor has given you an assignment to write down your most favorite memory from when you where 12 months old. what might you tell him? a. memories from this time are exceptionally vivid because of the exciting nature of childhood b. students will not be able to recall such memories if they had yet to develop the ability to talk by age one c. students memories are detailed but often inaccurate d. students will probably not be able to recall from such a early age

students will probably not be able to recall from such a early age

Your mother tells you to dress for success at your interview because its all about "first impression" In other words she is telling you that people often remember what they see first. This belief is in line with what element of memory? a. the primacy effect b. the tip of the tongue phenomenon c. the recency effect d. the power of false positives

the primacy effect

Which of the following is an example of a test using recognition? a. short answer b. essay c. fill in the blanks d. true-false

true-false

You are introduced to someone party. While talking with the person, you realize that you have already forgotten the person's name. What amount of time does it typically take before such information is lost from short-term memory? a. approximately 1/4 of a second b. no more than 4 seconds c. typically between 12 and 30 seconds d. short-term memories typically last a lifetime

typically between 12 and 30 seconds

Phineas walks out his office and into the conference room. However, after he leaves the office, he forgets what he was coming in the office for. According to the encoding specificity hypothesis, what should Phineas do to reign his lost memory a. Phineas should return to his office help him remember what he had forgotten b. Phineas should ask someone else, "What did I come in here for?" c. Phineas should remain in the conference room and simply relax so that his memory should return d. Phineas should consider seeing a doctor, since such memory loss can be a sign of mental illness

Phineas should return to his office help him remember what he had forgotten

You are surprised at the fact that you cannot remember if Abraham Lincoln's head faces the left or the right on a penny. This is all the more surprising given then fact that you work with money at your job nearly a daily basis. What would best explain such an inability to recall this information? a. encoding failure b. decay theory c. interference theory d. distributed practice effect

encoding failure