Psychology midterm
the scientists- practioners model of training is characterized by...?
- Boulder model - a joint emphasis on practice and research
____ is a pioneer of the humanistic approach psychotherapy
- Carl Rogers
_____ is a pioneer of the humanistic approach to psychotherapy
- Carl Rogers
The area of psychology that is most concerned with diagnosis, causes, and the treatment of mental disorders
- Clinical Psychology
Jake is not sure what to do... on one hand he would like to keep with the treatment plan and on the other he complains about the cost and time of coming to your office every other week. What stage of change would most characterizes Jake?
- Contemplation
Which of the following is not one of the Big Five personality traits measured by the NEO-PI-R?
- Eclecticism - Big 5 traits= openness to experience, concientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
_____ was founded by Fritz Perls, and it emphasizes a holistic approach to enhancing the client's experience
- Gestalt therapy
_____ was founded by Frtiz Perls, and it emphasizes a holistic approach to enhancing the client's experience
- Gestalt therapy
In 1952 ____ made the (now disproven) claim that there was no proof that psychotherapy was efficacious
- Hans Eysenk
The notion of "g" as proposed by Charles Spearman, suggests that essentially...
- Intelligence is one thing
When patient would be suited to see a Clinical psychologist
- Jack who has been depressed during the last two months and is having trouble getting tasks completed at work
The first person to use the term clinical psychology in print was ____.
- Lightner Witmer
The primary goal of cognitive psychotherapy is...
- Logical thinking
Karen reported during her first appointment she would really like to reduce her neck pain and is looking for advice. She asks you, "What can I do to get better? What stage of change would most characterize Karen?
- Preparation
According to psychodynamic theory, the ____ is the part of the mind that establishes rules, restrictions, and prohibitions
- Super-ego
What is the most important factor in determining what patients sue?
- The quality of the relationship between the patient and doctor
In the _____, the task of the client is to create a story to go along with the interpersonal scenes depicted in cards
- Thematic Appreciation Test
Autonomy is important when using motivational interviewing
- True
According to surveys of clinical psychologists since 1960, the most commonly endorsed psychotherapy orientation...
- Was the eclectic/integrative orientation until 2010, when the cognitive orientation was most commonly endorsed
The most recent definition of Motivational Interviewing (as of 2009) is:
- a collaborative person-centered form of guiding to elicit and strengthen motivation for change
The healthcare relationship requires ______
- a shared commitment to patient health and wellbeing
Developing discrepancy is important as it:
- all of the above (creates awareness of consequences, motivates change, lets the person present arguments for change)
empathy
- all of the above (shows how much we care, can be verbal or non-verbal, declines through training
Free association...
- all of the above (used by psychodynamic psychotherapists as an effort to access the unconscious, involves asking clients to say whatever comes to mind without censoring themselves at all)
When psychotherapy outcome researchers seek clients on whom to conduct psychotherapy in a study, they typically seek clients who...
- are textbooks cases of the diagnosis the therapy intends to treat
maintenance
- attempting to sustain new attitudes and habits - attempt to prevent relapse
action
- change strategies are chosen and pursued - active modification of behavior, treatment, and self help
A growing emphasis in clinical psychology graduate training is ___, or skills that a student must be able to demonstrate in areas such as assessment, research, and diversity
- competencies
In classical conditioning _____ will produce a response (Conditioned Response) similar to that produced by the Unconditioned Stimulus
- conditioned stimulus
The Rorschach Inkblot Method ___
- contains a total of 10 inkblots
______ validity is the extent to which an assessment technique has content appropriate for what is being measured
- content
According to Cattell ____ intelligence accumulated as a result of life experiences
- crystalized
The ____ perspective recognizes and emphasizes culturally specific norms and considers a client's behaviors, thoughts, and feelings within the context of that client's culture
- emic
critical thinking involves the following except
- emotional reasoning is important - DOES INVOLVE: never jumping to conclusion, keeping an open mind, be skeptical
The etic perspective
- emphasizes similarities between all people
The creation of an anxiety hierarchy is a core feature of _____.
- exposure therapy
the creation of an anxiety hierachy is a core feature of ____
- exposure therapy
______ refers to loss of response to a CS (conditioned Stimulus) presented without the UCS (unconditioned stimulus)
- extinction
According to the cognitive model, trasnference and counter-transference are essential for developing the therapeutic relationship
- false
Rolling with resistance is a function of motivational interviewing that means you always agree with the client no matter what... arguments are counterproductive
- false
Social workers
- focus on the interaction between an individual and components of society
preparation
- increased commitment - ready to make choices - sharing plans for change, and change becomes priority
contemplation
- increased problem recognition, more distressed about behavior - weighing pros and cons
what is clinical psychology
- integrates science, theory, and practice, to understand, predict and alleviate maladjustment, disability and discomfort as well as to promote human adaption, adjustment and personal development
what does clinical psychology focus on
- intellectual, emotional, biological, psychological, social, and behavioral aspects of human functioning across their life span in varying culture and at all socioeconomic levels
______ reliability is the extent to which an assessment technique yields similar results across different administrators
- interrater
in a state in which the organism makes no effort to escape or avoid averse stimuli
- learned helplessness
Amy came for her 15th appointment and stated that the innervations used were "amazing" and she is really happy to have come to see you. She has no pain and has been engaged with the treatment plan from the 2nd appointment. You decide she is good for follow up adjustments periodically. Stage?
- maintenance / relapse
The type of clinical interview that is most often conducted in medical settings for the primary purpose of quickly assessing a client's current level of functioning is the ____.
- mental status exam
According to Sue and Sue (2008), "___" is defined as the counselor's acquisition of awareness, knowledge, and skills needed to function effectively in a pluralistic democratic society
- multicultural counseling competence
precomtemplation
- no problem recognition
B.F. Skinner is most closely associated with _____
- operant conditioning
John comes to your office and states he is only here because his wife told him he has to take care of himself but reported no problem. What stage of change would most characterize John?
- pre-comtemplation
John comes to your office and states he is only here because his wife told him he has to take care of himself but reported no problem. What stage of change is he in?
- pre-contemplation
stages of change
- precontemplation - contemplation - preparation - action - maintenance
the most common work setting for clinical psychologists since the 1980s is...
- private practice
The "blank screen" role of the psychotherapist is most important to ____ psychotherapist
- psychodynamic
The most important thing to focus on is building _____ with a patient
- rapport
Demonstrating that there are many paths to the profession of clinical psychology, more than half of APA-accredited doctoral programs offer...
- specialty training
Psychiatrists...
- tend to emphasize BIOLOGICAL aspects of the clinical problems to a greater extent than clinical psychologist
Psychiatrists
- tend to emphasize biological aspects of clinical psychologists
why do the patients sue
- the quality of the relationship between the patient and the practitioner is the biggest influence of rather a patient choses to sue
The primary goal of psychodynamic psychotherapy is....
- to make the unconscientious conscious
According to the cognitive model, thoughts, feelings, and actions influence one another
- true
Motivational change occurs when people perceive a mismatch between "where they are and where they want to be" and a counselor practicing MI works to develop this by helping clients examine the discrepancies between their current circumstances/ behavior and their values and future goals
- true
a patient should be involved in the treatment plan process
- true
motivational change occurs when people perceive a mismatch between "where they are and where they want to be" and a counselor practicing Motivational Interviewing works to develop this by helping clients examine the discrepancies between their current circumstances/ behavior and their values and future goals.
- true
this is a good phrase to say to help build a collaborative treatment plan: " when you go home today, who will you talk to about today's appointment? What will you say?"
- true
_____ is accepted and respect by a person toward another no matter what a person says or does (let them grow)
- unconditional positive recognition
The dodo bird verdict refers to the finding that _____.
- various forms of psychotherapy are equally beneficial
the size and scope of the diagnostic and statistical manual have ___ since its inception in the 1950s
- vastly increased
school psychologist...
- work with children in schools and the adults involved in students lives
critical thinking steps
1. never jump to conclusions 2. keep an open mind 3. always ask how the evidence was obtained 4. be skeptical 5. never be stamped into accepting a view just because others accept it 6. be aware that your emotions may influence your judgments
negative reinforcement decreases behavior
False
Which of the following is an example of an objective personality test?
MMPI-2
_____ measures an individual's characteristics independent of rater bias or the examiner's own beliefs, usually by the administration of a bank of questions marked and compared against exacting scoring mechanisms that are completely standardized
Objective Psychological Testing
What defense mechanism is commonly associated with when people behave as if they are at an earlier stage of development
Regression
With respect to critical thinking, which of the following answers does NOT belong
Work hard BELONG: keep and open mind, be skeptical, never jump to conclusions
______ is any procedure that increases the response
reienforcement
Developing discrepancy is important as it...
- All of the above ( creates awareness of consequences, motivates change, lets the person present arguments for change)
The American Psychological Association has created division addressing all of the following areas of diversity except___
- All of the above (women, religion, ethnic minorities)
Some studies of manualized therapy have found that therapists who demonstrate flexibility while using manual.
- All of the above (produce better client outcomes, are more successful in getting clients to engage in therapy)
Sigmond Freud is most commonly associated with what theory
- Analytical Theory
the term "clinical psychology" was first used in print in...?
- 1907
2012 research by Cosgrove and Krimsky found that ___% of psychiatrists contributing to the DSM-5 had financial ties to pharmaceutical companies
- 69%
The WAIS would be an appropriate test for a client whose age is ____ years?
- 72
what percentage of patients are interrupted by physicians giving initial history?
- 74%
According to Cummings (2007), ___% of prescriptions written for psychoactive medications come from primary care physicians
- 80%
Susan reported for the first time last week she complied with your stretch program and indicated it has led to discomfort in her lower back. What stage of change is would most characterize Susan?
- Action
role of clinical psychologists
1.) educated to integrate science and professional knowledge and skills so as to further psychological science 2.) involved in research, teaching and supervision program development, evaluation, consultation, public policy, professional practice and other activities that promote psychological health in individuals, families, groups and organizations 3.) work can range from prevention and early intervention of minor problems of adjustment to dealing with the adjustment and maladjustment of individuals whose disturbance them to be instutionalized
A book entitled A Guide to Treatments that work was published in ___ and represented a significant step in the ____.
1998; evidence-based practice movement
2012 research by Cosgrove and Krimsky found that ____% of psychiatnists contributing to the DSM-5 had financial ties to pharmaceutical companies
69%
According to a study in the Journal of the American Medical Association (1999) about what percent of patients are interrupted by their doctor?
74%
Being judgmental is important when practicing motivational interviewing
false
Rolling with resistance is a function of motivational interviewing that means you always agree with the client no matter what; arguments are counterproductive
false
Transference is when the practitioner trasnfers bias onto the patient
false
B.F. Skinner is most closely association with____.
operant conditioning
Collateral information is important when treating a child
true
Punishment decreases behavior
true
There is a need to discuss confidentiality with a child
true