Psychology of Personality all quizzes
According to situations, the upper limit of personality coefficient is estimated as
.40
Imagine that you could draw a flat horizontal line through the points on a scatter plot depicting the relation between X and Y. Which of the following is the closest value to the correlation coefficient that you would compute from these data?
0
Meg consistently expects criticism, contempt, and rejection from others. Which disorder is she MOST likely to have?
Avoidant
An IQ test yields what kind of data
B data
Individuals with _______ personality disorder are prone to "splitting" the way they view other people in their lives
Borderline
George Kelly's personal construct theory emphasizes that individuals
Build the experience of reality through unique sets of ideas about the world
With accumulated evidence from personality and development psychology we can conclude that personality ____ and _____ over the life course
Changes; is stable
What are the core virtues identified by positive psychology?
Courage, Justice, wisdom NOT mortality
Which disorder appears in the DSM Cluster C
Dependent
Bandura's _____ has proven to be MOST influential of his ideas
Emphasis on observational learning
According to Freud, the irrational and emotional part of the mind is the ______, and the rational part of the mind is the _____.
Id; ego
The factor analytic technique if test construction is designed to
Identify groups of test items that seem to be alike
Essential motivations that most everyone pursues are called _____ goals
Nomothetic
The tendency to see members of your own group as very different from on another but the members of groups to which you do not belong as very similar to each other is called the
Outgroup homogeneity bias
Which reason describes why averaged (aggregated) behaviors are more strongly related to personality traits than individual behaviors?
Random variations tend to cancel out when aggregated.
The _______ self is NOT one of the self-relevant schemes that are part of self-discrepancy theory
Rejected
On Friday, Terence completes the Self-Monitoring Scale and receives a score of 49. On the following Tuesday, he fills out the scale again and receives a score of 28. Terence's scores on the self-monitoring scale do not appear to be
Reliable
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic stages of emotion?
Scripts
Which psychotropic drug has been found to effectively treat obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in some research studies?
Serotonin reputable inhibitors (SSRIs)
In this book, Personality and Assessment, Mitchell argued that behavior can be most accurately predicted from
Situations
The idea that feelings of self-esteem evolved to gauge acceptance is known as the ______ theory.
Sociometer
One potential argument for the claim that personality seems to matter less in collectivistic cultures is that
The Chinese language has fewer trait words than the English language.
In Leikas, Lönnqvist, and Verkasalo (2012), participants interacted with trained actors. The number of times a participant gestures depended mostly on his or her own characteristics. Which of the following reflects the correct interpretation of this result
The amount of variability explained by the person was large
The personality paradigm that focuses on rewards and punishments is known as
The behaviorist paradigm
If a psychologist describes a research result as statistically significant, what does he or she typically mean
The result is unlikely to have occurred by chance.
Longitudinal studies survey ____, whereas cross-sectional studies survey _____
The same people over time; people at different ages
_____ is a term for the time, place, and circumstances into which you happened to be born.
Thrown-ness
Imagine the researcher conducts a study and finds a statistically significant correlation between eating pizza and aggression. However there is no real association between eating pizza and aggression in the population. What kind of error has the researcher made?
Type 1
According to Triandis, _____ societies assume that individuals are importantly different from each other
Vertical
Operant conditioning emphasizes _____, whereas respondent conditioning emphasizes _____
active learning; passive learning
The Process by which a person seeks out compatible environments and avoids incompatible ones is called
active person-environmental transaction
What is the correct order of narrative identity development over the life course, according to Dan McAdams?
actor, agent, author
Which of these brain structures is thought to play a role in judging whether stimuli offer threats or rewards?
amygdala
Psychologists following the phenomenological approach
are concerned with our conscious experience of the world and the consequences of having free will
Psychological triad
behavior, thoughts, and feelings
The field of study that attempts to explain how individual differences in behavior (I.e. personality traits) are shared by biological relatives is called
behavioral genetics
The point of view that scientists will eventually be able to explain everything about the mind via biology is called
biological reductionism
Starting a job, entering college, and beginning a serious relationship are all associated with increases in ________.
conscientiousness
The avoidance of drug abuse is associated with what trait?
conscientiousness
People who have ego-syntonic personality disorders
do not think anything is wrong
Which of the following is the best way to get information into long-term memory
elaboration
Components of ideas that are particular to a specific culture are called ________, and components that are universal across cultures are called ________.
emics; etics
_____ occurs when. Child picks up the cultural influences of the place where he or she grows up
enculturation
Which design is best suited for addressing the third-variable problem?
experimental
The unique mandate of personality psychologists is to attempt to
explain whole, functioning persons and real life concerns
The _____ refers to the underlying genetic structure that leads to the observable _____.
genotype; phenotype
Stephen seeks to maximize pleasure and minimize pain. He pursues
hedonic well-being
If a trait is influenced by genes, then it ought to be more highly correlated across pairs of ________ than across pairs of ________.
identical twins; fraternal twins
According to the textbook, there are no perfect _____ of personality, only _____.
indicators; clues
The case of railroad worker Phineas Gage illustrates that
injuries to the brain can affect personality and behavior
Nerve fibers that organize and regulate transmissions between nerves are called
interneurons
I Data are
judgments made by knowledgeable observers
What term did Freud use to describe the psychological respite or time out that occurs before the genital stage
latency stage
Freud called the fundamental force that was necessary for creation, protection, and enjoyment of life ________. The idea that the basic tendency of ordered systems is toward disorder and chaos is similar to Freud's concept of ________.
libido; thanatos
Providing individuals with ________ seems to be the best way to raise self-esteem.
opportunities for success
According to a study reported in the text, one result of Rogerian psychotherapy may be that
people report feeling like they become closer to their ideal selves.
Which of the following brain imaging techniques would be most useful to a researcher interested in brain blood flow activity associated with fear after viewing pictures of spiders?
positron emission tomography (PET)
Unconscious thought is generally due to _____, and conscious thought is generally due to _____.
primary process thinking; secondary process thinking
Self-knowledge can be divided into ______ knowledge and ______ knowledge
procedural; declarative
What is actually measured by the Implicit Association Test (IAT)?
reaction time
What term is used to describe a good result that follows a particular behavior
reinforcement
According to the text, what is the psychological theme of the anal stage
self-control
High levels of cortisol appear to be associated with ________, and low levels of cortisol appear to be associated with ________.
stress, anxiety, and depression; impulsivity and sensation seeking
If test scores decrease as anxiety increases, then ________.
test scores and anxiety are negatively correlated
