Psychology of Personality all quizzes

According to situations, the upper limit of personality coefficient is estimated as

.40

Imagine that you could draw a flat horizontal line through the points on a scatter plot depicting the relation between X and Y. Which of the following is the closest value to the correlation coefficient that you would compute from these data?

0

Meg consistently expects criticism, contempt, and rejection from others. Which disorder is she MOST likely to have?

Avoidant

An IQ test yields what kind of data

B data

Individuals with _______ personality disorder are prone to "splitting" the way they view other people in their lives

Borderline

George Kelly's personal construct theory emphasizes that individuals

Build the experience of reality through unique sets of ideas about the world

With accumulated evidence from personality and development psychology we can conclude that personality ____ and _____ over the life course

Changes; is stable

What are the core virtues identified by positive psychology?

Courage, Justice, wisdom NOT mortality

Which disorder appears in the DSM Cluster C

Dependent

Bandura's _____ has proven to be MOST influential of his ideas

Emphasis on observational learning

According to Freud, the irrational and emotional part of the mind is the ______, and the rational part of the mind is the _____.

Id; ego

The factor analytic technique if test construction is designed to

Identify groups of test items that seem to be alike

Essential motivations that most everyone pursues are called _____ goals

Nomothetic

The tendency to see members of your own group as very different from on another but the members of groups to which you do not belong as very similar to each other is called the

Outgroup homogeneity bias

Which reason describes why averaged (aggregated) behaviors are more strongly related to personality traits than individual behaviors?

Random variations tend to cancel out when aggregated.

The _______ self is NOT one of the self-relevant schemes that are part of self-discrepancy theory

Rejected

On Friday, Terence completes the Self-Monitoring Scale and receives a score of 49. On the following Tuesday, he fills out the scale again and receives a score of 28. Terence's scores on the self-monitoring scale do not appear to be

Reliable

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic stages of emotion?

Scripts

Which psychotropic drug has been found to effectively treat obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in some research studies?

Serotonin reputable inhibitors (SSRIs)

In this book, Personality and Assessment, Mitchell argued that behavior can be most accurately predicted from

Situations

The idea that feelings of self-esteem evolved to gauge acceptance is known as the ______ theory.

Sociometer

One potential argument for the claim that personality seems to matter less in collectivistic cultures is that

The Chinese language has fewer trait words than the English language.

In Leikas, Lönnqvist, and Verkasalo (2012), participants interacted with trained actors. The number of times a participant gestures depended mostly on his or her own characteristics. Which of the following reflects the correct interpretation of this result

The amount of variability explained by the person was large

The personality paradigm that focuses on rewards and punishments is known as

The behaviorist paradigm

If a psychologist describes a research result as statistically significant, what does he or she typically mean

The result is unlikely to have occurred by chance.

Longitudinal studies survey ____, whereas cross-sectional studies survey _____

The same people over time; people at different ages

_____ is a term for the time, place, and circumstances into which you happened to be born.

Thrown-ness

Imagine the researcher conducts a study and finds a statistically significant correlation between eating pizza and aggression. However there is no real association between eating pizza and aggression in the population. What kind of error has the researcher made?

Type 1

According to Triandis, _____ societies assume that individuals are importantly different from each other

Vertical

Operant conditioning emphasizes _____, whereas respondent conditioning emphasizes _____

active learning; passive learning

The Process by which a person seeks out compatible environments and avoids incompatible ones is called

active person-environmental transaction

What is the correct order of narrative identity development over the life course, according to Dan McAdams?

actor, agent, author

Which of these brain structures is thought to play a role in judging whether stimuli offer threats or rewards?

amygdala

Psychologists following the phenomenological approach

are concerned with our conscious experience of the world and the consequences of having free will

Psychological triad

behavior, thoughts, and feelings

The field of study that attempts to explain how individual differences in behavior (I.e. personality traits) are shared by biological relatives is called

behavioral genetics

The point of view that scientists will eventually be able to explain everything about the mind via biology is called

biological reductionism

Starting a job, entering college, and beginning a serious relationship are all associated with increases in ________.

conscientiousness

The avoidance of drug abuse is associated with what trait?

conscientiousness

People who have ego-syntonic personality disorders

do not think anything is wrong

Which of the following is the best way to get information into long-term memory

elaboration

Components of ideas that are particular to a specific culture are called ________, and components that are universal across cultures are called ________.

emics; etics

_____ occurs when. Child picks up the cultural influences of the place where he or she grows up

enculturation

Which design is best suited for addressing the third-variable problem?

experimental

The unique mandate of personality psychologists is to attempt to

explain whole, functioning persons and real life concerns

The _____ refers to the underlying genetic structure that leads to the observable _____.

genotype; phenotype

Stephen seeks to maximize pleasure and minimize pain. He pursues

hedonic well-being

If a trait is influenced by genes, then it ought to be more highly correlated across pairs of ________ than across pairs of ________.

identical twins; fraternal twins

According to the textbook, there are no perfect _____ of personality, only _____.

indicators; clues

The case of railroad worker Phineas Gage illustrates that

injuries to the brain can affect personality and behavior

Nerve fibers that organize and regulate transmissions between nerves are called

interneurons

I Data are

judgments made by knowledgeable observers

What term did Freud use to describe the psychological respite or time out that occurs before the genital stage

latency stage

Freud called the fundamental force that was necessary for creation, protection, and enjoyment of life ________. The idea that the basic tendency of ordered systems is toward disorder and chaos is similar to Freud's concept of ________.

libido; thanatos

Providing individuals with ________ seems to be the best way to raise self-esteem.

opportunities for success

According to a study reported in the text, one result of Rogerian psychotherapy may be that

people report feeling like they become closer to their ideal selves.

Which of the following brain imaging techniques would be most useful to a researcher interested in brain blood flow activity associated with fear after viewing pictures of spiders?

positron emission tomography (PET)

Unconscious thought is generally due to _____, and conscious thought is generally due to _____.

primary process thinking; secondary process thinking

Self-knowledge can be divided into ______ knowledge and ______ knowledge

procedural; declarative

What is actually measured by the Implicit Association Test (IAT)?

reaction time

What term is used to describe a good result that follows a particular behavior

reinforcement

According to the text, what is the psychological theme of the anal stage

self-control

High levels of cortisol appear to be associated with ________, and low levels of cortisol appear to be associated with ________.

stress, anxiety, and depression; impulsivity and sensation seeking

If test scores decrease as anxiety increases, then ________.

test scores and anxiety are negatively correlated