Psychology Quiz Review
Psychology is based on systematic observation rather than pure reasoning or common sense. We can say, therefore, that psychology is
Empirical (research based on observations -proof)
The tendency to view one's own group as superior to others and as the standard for judging the worth of foreign ways is called
Ethnocentrism
Some researchers have suggested that people currently rend to sleep during periods of darkness because sleeping under these conditions was an adaptive behavior that helped to increase survival among early humans. This is the type of argument that would MOST likely be made by psychologists who take the
Evolutionary perspective in psychology
we are thinking creatures and we have the way we think
cognitive
Janet trained her dog to sit on command by following this behavior with a reward of a dog biscuit and praise. Janet used the principles of
Behaviorism
The school of psychology that suggests psychologists should study only what can be objectively observed is
Behaviorism
depression or alcoholism because of chemical imbalances
Biological
which of the following psychological perspectives is most likely to focus on the interrelations among the mind, body, and behavior?
Biological
the term that refers to the mental process involved in acquiring knowledge is
Cognition
Decision making, reasoning, problem solving, and language are topics MOST likely to be studied by
Cognitive psychologists
A psychologist who is interested in the psychological effect of aging would be MOST likely specialize in
Developmental psychology
The school of psychology that focused on identifying and examining the fundamental components of conscious experience, such as sensations, feeling, and image was
structuralism
If you were having problems with severe depression, the type of psychologist that would be the greatest help to you would be
A clinical psychologist
which of the following is a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating mental disorders?
A psychiatrist
Strict behaviorists would be MOST sympathetic to which one of the following statements?
Human behavior is primarily caused by environmental factors.
As a young psychologist, your major goal is to help people reach their potential. You would best be labeled as using a ________ perspective.
Humanism
the theoretical viewpoint that is most closely associated with Carl Jung and Abraham Maslow is
Humanism
The basic premise of evolutionary psychology is that natural selection favors behaviors that enhance organisms' success in
Passing on their genes to the next generation
The two disciplines from which psychology developed were
Philosophy and physiology
Sigmund Freud developed an innovative procedure for treating people with psychological problems, which he called
Psychoanalysis
I dislike the new teacher because deep in my conscious mind she reminds me of a babysitter I had as a child that was mean to me
Psychoanalytical
Which of the following areas of research in psychology is concerned with assessing individual differences, developing tests, and developing new statistical techniques?
Psychometrics
Which of the following would be LEAST likely to be studied by a cognitive psychologist?
Shaping behavior by reinforcement
The native American boy looks down when talking to an elder because that is what is polite in his culture
Sociocultural
You act impulsively, then wonder why. Freud would tell you that your behavior was influenced by your
Unconscious Mind
People resisted psychoanalysis because of the suggestion that people are not masters of their own minds and because of Freud's proposal that behavior is influenced by how people cope with
Unconscious motivation/Sexual Urges
Which of the following questions would a social psychologist be MOST likely to ask?
Why do we like some people and not others?
The person responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline with its own subject matter.
Wilhelm Wundt (1st structuralist)
I got a sticker on my homework paper
behaviorist
rewards and punishments
behaviorist
you receive attention so you repeat the action
behaviorist
I lose my temper because too much stress at work had changed the chemical makeup in my body
biological
The "school" of psychology that has a practical focus and is interested in how people adapt their behavior to the demands of the world is
functionalism
"Nature" is to "nurture" as ____ is to ____
heredity and environment
the freedom to choose your own destiny
humanistic
If you take a sip of a soft drink and concentrate on what you are experiencing (cold, bubbly, sweet, etc.) you would be utilizing the technique of
introspection
Which of the following groups is MOST likely to have been used as subject for psychological research?
middle and upper-class white males
The urges and desires of our conscious
psychoanalytical
An industrial-organizational psychologist would be most likely to be involved in
working to improve employee morale and attitudes