Psychology Unit 9 Study Guide
Which of the following is an individual more likely to do when working in a group?
Show a decline in work output
Jim is better at computer games when his friend, Dwight is watching than when he plays alone. Researchers would explain Jim's behavior using which of the following theories?
Social facilitation
Which of the following regularities in behavior can most likely be accounted for by the existence of a group norm?
Students tend to use less profanity with adults than they do with their peers.
Which of the following terms is used to describe the process by which important group decisions may be distorted because different viewpoints are not encouraged?
Groupthink
When watching the Olympics, most people cheer for athletes from their own country. Often, fans believe that athletes from other countries cheat but athletes from their own country would never cheat. This is an example of what psychological concept?
In-group bias
Individuals are most likely to obey when demands are made by a
Legitimate authority
Ethnocentrism is described in which scenario?
Michael distrusts a certain religion because it is uncommon in the country where he lives.
Which phenomenon was demonstrated when participants in Stanley Milgram's experiment chose to administer the highest possible level of voltage charge to the learners?
Obedience
On the first day of class, Mr. Simpson divides his class into 4 competing groups. ON the 5th day of school, Jody is sent to the principal for kicking members of the other groups. Ms. Simpson can be faulted for encouraging the creation of
Out-Group bias
In Stanley Milgram's' classic study, a participant was placed in one room and a confederate was placed in another room where the participant could not see the confederate. Participants were told to shock the confederate when the confederate answered a question incorrectly. What was a major ethical violation of Milgram's study?
Participants must be allowed to leave the experiment at any time, and in Milgram's study when the participants asked to leave, the experimenter said they must continue.
Which of the following is the best example of scapegoating?
Robert, who is a member of one racial group, does not get into the college he wants to attend. Even though his application was weak, he blames members of another racial group for his rejection.
Which of the following is the best example of prejudice?
Santiago dislikes cheerleaders
Which of the following scenarios best represents the frustration-aggression principle?
Scott punches the steering wheel of his car because he is stuck in traffic.
In a study conducted by Philip Zimbardo, female college students were asked to shock other students. Half of the female students each wore a hood and lab coat to hide their identity. The other half each wore their own clothes and a large name tag. The results indicated that the hooded students delivered twice as many shocks as the other students. The results of the study indicate that an important contributor to deindividuation is
Anonymity
Janine has always hated the color orange. However, once she became a student at Princeton, she began to wear a lot of orange Princeton Tiger clothing. The discomfort caused by her long-standing dislike of the color orange and her current ownership of so much orange and black striped clothing is known as
Cognitive dissonance
While shopping in the grocery store, Kanye stopped and was blocking the aisle. Another shopper asked Kanye to step aside so that she could move down the aisle. Kanye moved out of the way to let the shopper pass. Which of the following phenomena accurately describes Kanye's action?
Compliance
Nicole sees a fifty-year-old man fall to the ground. According to studies on prosocial behavior, which of the following situations would decrease the likelihood of her helping him?
The man fell at a crowded farmers market
Which of the following is the independent variable in Philip Zimbardo's classic Stanford Prison Experiment?
The role of prisoner or guard
Jesse does not like his Math teacher, and he believes that the teacher thinks that he is not a good student. As a result, Jesse slouches at his desk and gazes out the window instead of paying attention in class. Jesse's behavior is most representative of
a self-fulfilling prophecy
When Cindy Lou Who's boyfriend bought her a nice present, she thought, "He buys me presents because he's such a nice person." This kind of explanation is referred to as
an attribution
In Stanley Milgram's experiments, which of the following concepts is a possible explanation for participants' willingness to apply increasingly intense shocks to a confederate in the other room?
foot-in-the-door
Which of the following suggestions is most likely to reduce the hostility felt between antagonistic groups?
give the groups a task that cannot be solved unless they work together
The researchers who conducted the Stanford prison simulation believed that the participants designated as guards acted harshly toward those designated as prisoners because the
guards responded to situational factors
In the Milgrim studies, the dependent measure was the
highest level of shock supposedly administered
Even though Eli prefers romantic comedy movies, he often goes to action-adventure movies to fit in with his friends. Eli's behavior can best be explained by
normative social influence
The scapegoat theory suggests that
prejudice provides an outlet to blame others for one's problems
Nick performed well on the most recent math test. When asked why he performed well, Nick said it was because of his high level of ability. Dylan performed poorly on the same test. When asked why, Dylan said that the test was unfair. These attitudes illustrate
self-serving bias
In Philip Zimbardo's Stanford prison experiment, young men were assigned roles as either guards or prisoners. The results showed that
situations can exert powerful effects on morality and identity and behavior
Jonathan practiced for a speech competition with other students and the coach. Although his performance during practice was usually average, Jonathan won a gold medal for his performance to a large crowd of attendees at the competition. Which of the following social psychology principles accounts for Jonathan's exceptional performance?
social facilitation
When Carly works on a project alone, she puts in a lot of effort and meets deadlines. However, when she works on a project in a group, she rarely attends scheduled meetings and always misses the deadline when submitting the part of the project she is responsible for completing. Carly's behavior is best explained by
social loafing
One way to reduce intergroup conflict is to establish
superordinate goals
Elsie Fisher is trying to explain to her parents why they should allow her to attend Penn State University. She presents them with information on tuition, graduation and retention rates, financial aid, and enrollment. Elsie is using
the central route to persuasion
In Stanley Milgram's classic studies of obedience, teachers in a staged experiment were instructed to administer shocks to learners when they made mistakes. A large percentage of the teachers obeyed the experimenter and administered strong levels of shock to the learners. When this experiment is described, most people judge the obedient participants to be aggressive, cold, and unappealing, and they fail to recognize the role of social forces in behavior. The mistaken judgment is due to
the fundamental attribution error
The tendency to believe that another person's behavior is caused by dispositional factors rather than by environmental factors is called
the fundamental attribution error
your new neighbor seems to know everything about Ancient Greece that your social studies teacher says during the first week of school. You conclude that she is brilliant. You do not consider that she might already have learned about ancient Greece in her old school. You are evidencing
the fundamental attribution error
After listening to a radio station play the same set of songs every three hours, Chris grows to like them. Ivan's reaction can be best explained by
the mere-exposure effect Correct Answers Your Answers PREVNEXT
Jeffrey has just failed a Chemistry exam. Which of the following explanations is LEAST likely to be evidence of the self-serving bias?
"I didn't study hard enough."
Which of the following scenarios best represents conformity?
Beatrice becomes a vegetarian when she starts college because all of her new friends are vegetarian.
Which of the following examples best represents altruism?
Billy stops to help someone even though it puts him in danger.
Which scenario best illustrates the concept of modeling aggression?
Dane, who is three years old, watched a video of a child who was repeatedly throwing a toy truck at the wall. The next time Dane played with his toy truck, he threw it at the wall.
On Monday, Jordan asked her teacher to postpone Tuesday's test until Friday. After her teacher flatly refused, Jordan asked the teacher to push the test back one day, to Wednesday. Jordan is using the compliance strategy known as
Door-in-the-face
An individual bystander is most likely to help an injured person under which of the following circumstances?
When the bystander is the only other person present
