PTA 130 Kinesiology Chapter 12 Wrist Joint
Scaphoid fracture
A _________ ___________ can sometimes damage the blood vessel that supplies the scaphoid bone and can lead to avascular necrosis.
ganglion cycst
A benign, fluid-filled cyst commonly seen as a bump on the dorsal surface of the wrist, that can appear, disappear and change size quickly.
Colles fracture
A break in the distal radius with a posterior displacement of the distal fragment and is a common injury in the elderly.
Smith's fracture
A break in the distal radius with an anterior displacement of the distal fragment, caused by a fall on the back of the hand.
extensor retinaculum
All wrist, hand, and thumb tendons are contained by the _______ ________.
anterior
An individual has tight wrist flexors. During performance of passive stretch to restore this motion and to facilitate normal arthrokinematics at the wrist joint, do the proximal row of carpals need to glide in an anterior or posterior direction?
wrist extension
An individual has tight wrist flexors. What joint motion will be limited?
flexion
Any muscle crossing the anterior side of the wrist will create wrist _______ when contracted.
extension
Any muscle crossing the posterior side of the wrist will create wrist _______ when contracted.
is not
Because the Radioulnar disk is between the ulna and the proximal carpals, the ulna (is or is not) considered part of the radiocarpal joint.
palmar
Between the PALMAR radiocarpal ligament and the DORSAL radiocarpal ligament, the __________ is at greater risk for being sprained.
avascular necrosis
Death of bone tissue due to lack of blood supply.
You are using a longer lever arm and larger muscles.
Generally speaking, you use wrist muscles when hammering. However, when extra force is needed, you may use elbow or even shoulder muscles. Why does that create greater force?
Radial and ulnar deviation
Holding a box from the bottom, what concurrent forces are neutralized when the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis contract to prevent wrist hyperextension?
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Flexor Carpi radialis
Holding a box from the bottom, what muscles are contracting to prevent wrist hyperextension?
wrist hyperextension
Holding a box from the bottom, what wrist motion does gravity want to impose?
anterior
If you were shown a drawing of only a wrist joint and the pisiform bone and the hook of the hamate bone are visible, you would be looking at the ______ (anterior or posterior) side of the wrist.
Medial Epicondyle
Most of the wrist flexors originate on the ________ _________.
Styloid process
Name this bony landmark of the radius which provides attachments for the collateral ligaments.
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Name this muscle on the posterior side of the wrist thats name refers to the fact that the muscle originates superior to the rest of the extensor group.
Palmaris Longus muscle
Name this muscle that attaches in the midline to the palmar aponeurosis and is not a prime mover. It is assistive in wrist flexion. ( If you put your thumb and pinkie tips together and flex, you may see the tendon of this pop out.)
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle
Name this muscle that is a prime mover in wrist extension and ulnar deviation, and is assistive in elbow extension.
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Name this muscle that is next to the extensor carpi radialis longus that is a prime mover for wrist extension and an assistant in radial deviation and elbow extension.
Flexor carpi radialis muscle
Name this muscle that is the prime mover in wrist flexion and radial deviation.
Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
Name this prime mover in wrist flexion and ulnar deviation.
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Putting your index, middle, and ring fingers of your left hand on the anterior portion of your right wrist represents the location of the wrist flexors. The index finger represents the ______ _______ ______
Palmaris Longus
Putting your index, middle, and ring fingers of your left hand on the anterior portion of your right wrist represents the location of the wrist flexors. The middle finger represents the ______ _______.
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Putting your index, middle, and ring fingers of your left hand on the anterior portion of your right wrist represents the location of the wrist flexors. The ring finger represents the ______ _______ ______
neutralized
Since most wrist muscles have dual action, for motion to occur in a cardinal plane, the unwanted oblique muscle actions must be ________. This is done by a co-contraction of the antagonistic oblique muscles.
wrist flexors
Sit with your forearm resting on your thigh, palm up, and holding a weight in your hand and performing the eccentric phase of a wrist extension: What muscle is being strengthened?
Wrist Flexors
Sit with your forearm resting on your thigh, palm up, and holding a weight in your hand and performing wrist flexion: What muscles are being strengthened?
Posterior
Sit with your forearm resting on your thigh, palm up, and holding a weight in your hand and performing wrist flexion: What portion of the joint capsule is being lengthened at the end range of this motion?
Wrist flexion, concentric
Sit with your forearm resting on your thigh, palm up, and holding a weight in your hand. Bend your wrist up. What joint motion is occurring in the wrist? What type of contraction (isometric, concentric, or eccentric) is occurring?
wrist ulnar deviation
Standing with your arm at your side, elbow flexed, forearm in a neutral position, hold on to a loop of elastic tubing that has the other end anchored above your head to some stationary object. Bend your wrist down. What joint motion is occurring in the wrist?
wrist extensors
Standing with your arm at your side, elbow flexed, palm down, hold on to a loop of elastic tubing that has the other end anchored under your foot. Curl your wrist up. What muscles are being strengthened?
wrist extension
Standing with your arm at your side, elbow flexed, palm down, hold on to a loop of elastic tubing that has the other end anchored under your foot. Curl your wrist up. What joint motion is occurring in the wrist?
palmar radiocarpal ligament
Standing with your arm at your side, elbow flexed, palm down, hold on to a loop of elastic tubing that has the other end anchored under your foot. Curl your wrist up. What ligament limits this motion at the end range?
Radial Nerve
The Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Muscle is innervated by the:
Radial Nerve
The Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus muscle is innervated by:
Radial Nerve
The Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle is innervated by the :
Base of second metacarpal
The Insertion of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Muscle:
Median nerve
The Palmaris Longus Muscle is innervated by:
Ulnar nerve
The ____ _______ innervates the anterior muscles on the ulnar side.
Median nerve
The ______ _____ innervates the anterior muscles on the radial side.
carpal
The ______ bones consist of two rows of four bones each.
Radial nerve
The ________ ______ innervates the posterior muscles of the wrist.
Wrist extension
The action of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Muscle:
Wrist extension, radial deviation
The action of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Muscle:
Wrist extension, ulnar deviation
The action of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle:
Assistive in wrist flexion
The action of the Palmaris Longus Muscle:
wrist flexion, radial deviation
The action of the flexor carpi radialis muscle:
Wrist flexion, ulnar deviation
The action of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle:
flexion/extension, radial/ulnar deviation
The biaxial movements that of the radiocarpal joint are _____________________ , _________________.
circumduction
The combination of all four motions of the radiocarpal joint is ____________.
Lateral Epicondyle
The common origin of most of the wrist extensors is the _________ __________.
articular disk
The disk that is located on the distal end of the ulna that articulates with the triquetrum and lunate bone and acts as a shock absorber.
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate
The distal row of carpals starting on the thumb side.
firm
The end feel for all wrist motion except radial deviation is __________.
hard
The end feel for all wrist motion except radial deviation is firml; the end feel for radial deviation is ________.
Median Nerve
The flexor carpi radialis muscle is innervated by:
Ulnar Nerve
The flexor carpi ulnaris muscle is innervated by the ___________ ______.
Base of third metacarpal
The insertion of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Muscle:
Base of fifth metacarpal
The insertion of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle:
Palmar aponeurosis
The insertion of the Palmaris Longus Muscle:
Base of the second metacarpals
The insertion of the flexor carpi radialis Muscle:
Pisiform and base of fifth metacarpal
The insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle:
midcarpal joint
The joint that is between the two rows of carpal bones.
carpometacarpal joints ( CMC)
The joint that is formed between the distal row of carpal bones and the proximal end of the metacarpal bones.
radiocarpal joint
The joint that is the distal end of the radius and the radioulnar disk that articulates with the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum.
dorsal radiocarpal ligament
The ligament that attaches from the posterior surface of the distal radius to the same surface of the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum that limits the amount of wrist flexion.
palmar radiocarpal ligament
The ligament that attaches the anterior surface (palm side) of the proximal carpal bones to the capitate bone in the distal row, that limits wrist extension.
radial collateral ligament
The ligament that attaches the styloid process of the radius and the scaphoid and trapezium bone that provides lateral support.
ulnar collateral ligament
The ligament that attaches to the styloid process of the ulna and to the pisiform and triquetrum and provides medial support.
Carpal bones
The mnemonic to help remember he order of the wrist bones: Sally Likes To Push The Toy Car Hard Sally = scaphoid Likes = Lunate To = Triquetrum Push =Pisiform The = Trapezium Toy = Trapezoid Car =Capitate Hard =Hamate
scapholunate
The most common wrist sprain is in the ________ ligament.
gliding
The motion of the nonaxial plane midcarpal joint is_______.
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
The only wrist extensor muscle that does not originate on the common extensor tendon since it originates superior to that on the supracondylar ridge of the humerus.
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
The origin of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Muscle:
Supracondylar Ridge of humerus
The origin of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Muscle:
lateral epicondyle of humerus
The origin of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle:
Medial epicondyle of humerus
The origin of the Palmaris Longus Muscle:
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
The origin of the flexor carpi radialis muscle:
Medial epicondyle of humerus
The origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle:
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
The proximal row of carpal bones, starting on the thumb side.
convex-on-concave
The radiocarpal joint is a (convex OR concave) - on- (convex OR concave) articulation.
Common Extensor tendon
The single tendon that originates on the lateral epicondyle that gives rise to many muscles that are prime movers for extension.
Common flexor tendon
The single tendon that originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus that gives rise to many muscles that are prime movers for flexion.
palmar aponeurosis
The thick triangular fascia located superficially in the palm of the hand that covers and protects the tendons of the extrinsic muscles.
radiocarpal and midcarpal
The two joints that make up the wrist joint are the ________ joint and the _____ joint.
scaphoid and radius
The two most common bones fractured at the wrist.
Hook
This projection on the anterior surface of the hamate is called the " _____ of the hamate" which provides attachment for the transverse carpal ligament.
extension
To stretch the extensor carpi radialis longus, the elbow is placed in ____ while the wrist is moved into flexed position.
Wrist hyperextension
Using a walker for ambulation What motion does the walker want to create at the wrist?
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, and Flexor carpi radialis
Using a walker for ambulation, what prime movers are contracting to prevent wrist hyperextension?
Lateral supracondylar ridge
What is the name of the bony landmark just proximal to the lateral epicondyle?
wrist ulnar deviators
What muscles are being strengthened in wrist ulnar deviation?
wrist extensors
What muscles are being strengthened on the eccentric phase of wrist extension?
You are working against gravity when hammering overhead and with gravity when hammering on the floor..
When hammering overhead into the ceiling, why are your wrist ulnar deviators working harder than when hammering a nail into the floor?
flexion and extension
When holding a cup of coffee isometrically, what concurrent forces are neutralized when these muscles contract?
Ulnar deviation
When holding a cup of coffee isometrically, what wrist motion does gravity want to impose?
Radial and ulnar deviation
When typing on a conventional computer keyboard, what concurrent forces are neutralized when the extensor muscles contract?
the extensor muscles
When typing on a conventional computer keyboard, what muscles are contracting to prevent the flexion that gravity wants to impose.
flexion
When typing on a conventional computer keyboard, what wrist motion does gravity want to impose?
Palmaris Longus
Which muscle, if present, is very easy to identify on the anterior surface in the middle of the wrist, but has little functional importance?
Wrist extensor muscles
Which muscles attach on or close to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?
Wrist flexor muscles
Which muscles attach on the medial epicondyle of the humerus?
extensor carpi radialis longus, and flexor carpi radialis
Which muscles cross the wrist on the radial side?
Extensor Carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris
Which muscles cross the wrist on the ulnar side?
None - no wrist motion occurs in this plane
Which wrist motions occur in: the transverse plane around the vertical axis?
Radial and ulnar deviation
Which wrist motions occur in: the frontal plane around the sagittal axis?
Flexion and extension
Which wrist motions occur in: the sagittal plane around the frontal axis?
Because the articular disk is located between the ulna and the proximal row of carpals.
Why is the ulna not considered part of the wrist joint?
flexion and extension
With right hand brushing hair on the left side of the head, what concurrent forces are neutralized when the extensor carpi ulnaris and the flexor carpi ulnaris contract to prevent radial deviation?
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris and flexor carpi Ulnaris
With right hand brushing hair on the left side of the head, what muscles must contract to prevent the radial deviation that the brush wants to impose?
radial deviation
With right hand brushing hair on the left side of the head, what wrist motion does the brush want to impose?