Quiz 1

Because there are disagreements among cultures about right and wrong, there must not be any universal standards of right and wrong.

False

The validity or invalidity of an argument is a matter of its form as well as its content.

False

There is no simple way to test the truth of moral premises.

False

Deductive arguments are supposed to offer only probable support for their conclusions.

False (need logically conclusive support)

The argument for cultural relativism shows that the doctrine is both true and relevant.

False (not a stable doctrine)

Subjective relativism implies that some moral truths are true for everyone.

False (only for the individual)

A nonmoral statement is a statement affirming that an action is right or wrong or that a person (or one's motive or character) is good or bad.

False (this is a moral statement)

Appeal to the person is the fallacy of misrepresenting someone's claim or argument so it can be more easily refuted

False (this is the straw man fallacy)

A moral agent is a person who has the ability to discern right from wrong and to be held accountable for his or her own actions.

True

A valid argument with true premises is said to be sound.

True

An argument is a group of statements in which one of them is supposed to be supported by the rest.

True

Argument diagramming is a tool that can help you recognize the basic structure of an argument.

True

Begging the question is the fallacy of arguing in a circle-trying to use a claim as both a premise and the conclusion in an argument.

True

Cultural relativism is the view that an action is morally right if one's culture approves of it.

True

Emotivism implies that there is no such thing as goodness or badness.

True

Moral objectivism is the doctrine that some moral norms or principles are universal.

True

People can differ in their moral judgments, not just because they accept different moral principles, but also because they have divergent nonmoral beliefs.

True

Subjective relativism implies that, in the rendering of any moral opinion, each person is morally infallible.

True

The most reliable way to identify arguments is to always look for the conclusion first.

True

The argument for cultural relativism is logically valid.

True (we still have to question the truth of the premises)