Quiz 1
A(n) ________ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena.
Theory
Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________.
introspection
Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)?
kicking and punching while asleep
In Freud's model of dreams, the hidden meaning of a dream is called the ________ content.
latent
Tyrahn's rods do not transform light into nerve impulses as easily and efficiently as they should, so he has trouble seeing in dim light. This is called ________ blindness
night
The empirical method of study is based on ________.
observation of phenomena.
A negative correlation means ________.
one variable decreases as the other increases
Which nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain?
optic
Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab, she ingests a "tracer" and then enters the scanning machine. What type of brain imaging is most likely being conducted in this study?
positron emission tomography (PET)
Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.
studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes
The space between two neurons is called the ________.
synapse
Some neurons can only generate action potentials up to a certain speed, and no faster. This fact is a limitation of the ________ theory of pitch perception.
temporal
Psychology refers to the ________.
the scientific study of mind and behavior
Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same effect. This is an example of ________.
tolerance
The National Sleep Foundation suggests that the average 14- to 17-year-old adolescent get about ________ hours of sleep a night (hint: the answer is a range of hours, not a single number)
8-10
Case studies are a helpful tool in psychological research because they:
Allow us to examine one case in detail and Allow us to examine extreme cases
________ is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop out of the study over time.
Attrition
________ disparity refers to the slightly different view of the world that each eye receives, and is a distance cue that allows us to perceive the depth of a given visual stimulus.
Binocular
Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain?
Broca's area
Which psychoactive substance is probably the most widely used of all such substances in the world?
Caffeine
A(n) ________ variable is a factor that affects both variables of interest in research and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship.
Confounding
All psychological research is qualitative
False
Correlation = Causation
False.
In the study of personality, the ________ model includes different traits that are believed to underlie each individual's basic tendencies.
Five Factor
Henry Gustav Molaison (H. M.) had brain surgery for which of the following reasons?
He had severe seizures.
What has research shown about processing subliminal messages?
In laboratory settings, people can process and respond to information outside of their awareness.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage's accident, which led to brain injury?
Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.
________ (IRB) reviews research that is involves the use of human participants.
Institutional Review Board
How does a cochlear implant enable the deaf to hear?
It receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain.
In ________ meditation, a person's attention is focused on some internal process or a specific external object.
Mindfulness
Two lines appear to be a different length, though in reality they are the same length. This is known as the ________ illusion.
Müller-Lyer
________ refers to the way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced; ________ refers to what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor.
Perception; sensation
The ability of a research study or psychological instrument to consistently produce a given result is called ________.
Reliability
Karl Popper would agree that ___________
Research should seek to disprove theory
Which researcher believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer?
Rosalind Cartwright
A(n) ________ , also known as an operant chamber, is an instrument that isolates an animal from the external environment and allows a researcher to control that animal's rewards and punishments
Skinner box
Psychological knowledge is advanced through a process known as ________, which involves a prescribed series of steps designed to achieve the desired knowledge.
The Scientific Method
Which of the following is one of the reasons that Gestalt psychology did not become more popular in the United States?
The rise of behaviorism overshadowed Gestalt psychology.
What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in common?
They were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience.
A(n) ________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the neuron's cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.
action potential
Which is the main type of chemical messengers secreted by the male gonads?
androgens
Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.
another person's consciousness
________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation.
beta-endorphin
Regular feelings of hunger are an example of a(n) ________ rhythm.
biological
Which of the following brain processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?
breathing
Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in?
clinical psychology
Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to children's development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that the majority of research indicates that children attending daycare experience healthy development. She writes a paper using the sources that find negative associations with daycare attendance. This is an example of ________.
confirmation bias
Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity.
stimulant
The kind of brain waves that would be most prevalent in a person experiencing Stage 3 of NREM would be ________ waves.
delta slow
Which of the following is not a part sympathetic activation during the fight or flight response?
digestion functions become more active
________theory suggests that when people are hypnotized they have voluntarily divided their conscious: one half aware of reality and the other half tuned in to the hypnotist.
dissociative
Which psychological perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness?
evolutionary
Which of the following is an example of an objective measure used by functionalists?
examination of anatomy and physiology
Which of the following is not part of obtaining informed consent?
explaining the hypothesis to the participants
Terri Schiavo went into cardiac arrest and her brain was deprived of oxygen, leaving only her brainstem functioning. Which of the following functions could Schiavo still accomplish?
groan and move her eyes
________ amplitudes are associated with ________ sounds.
higher; louder
Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?
hypothalamus
As you are talking to a friend on your cell phone, you might find that you can't hear them because they are speaking very softly. If you ask them to "speak up," from a physical perspective you are asking them to ________ of the sound waves they are producing.
increase the amplitude
A group of researchers investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the ________ variable and word retention is the ________ variable.
independent; dependent
Within the visible spectrum, our experience of red is associated with ________ waves of light.
longer wavelengths
Kelsey had a CT scan that showed a tumor in the right frontal cortex. Which of the following behavioral symptoms most likely prompted the scan to take place?
motor skill deficits in the left side of her body
If you watch a flock of birds flying overhead, each very close to the next one, you may perceive them as all being part of the same group. If they were all spaced very much apart, however, you may see them as individual birds not flying together. This distinction takes advantage of which Gestalt principle?
proximity
Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so frequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify?
psychological dependence
________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall.
range of reaction
The effects of neurotransmitters tend to be ________, whereas the effects of hormones tend to be ________.
slower; a shorter duration
Vinnie is standing on one leg with his arms in the air. The ________ sense helps keep him balanced so he has less chance of falling over.
vestibular
High levels of sensory awareness, though, and behavior are what typify a state of consciousness called ________.
wakefulness (waking consciousness)
Which of the following is an example of research someone might conduct in the area of health psychology?
whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese
A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of ________.
Gestalt psychology
When you watch the teacher at the front of the room, you are easily able to distinguish her from the white board (or chalk board) behind her. This demonstrates the Gestalt principle of ________.
a figure-ground relationship
Ravon is deaf. He was born without the ability to hear, and has never experienced an auditory stimulus. When people write using "sound" type words like "loud," "soft," and "quiet," he sometimes has difficulty understanding what they are trying to convey. Ravon has ________ deafness.
congenital
When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the ________ trait.
conscientiousness
Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________.
consciousness
An upper-level psychology class is conducting an experiment on racial prejudice that involves having participants rate the likeability of faces in a set of photos. However, they tell participants that the study is about the effects of aging on likeability. When participants are finished, they are thanked for their time and leave the experiment. In this example, the class forgot to ________ in order to resolve the ________ in the study.
debrief participants; deception
Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology?
favoring women over men
