Quiz 2 ethics
Formal and authoritative decisions focusing on health
Health policies
Major means by which interest groups attempt to influence policy makers
Lobbying
Difference of opinion and subsequent decisions when political parties take opposing positions on
Partisans
Designed to achieve society's objectives through the use of regulations and laws
Regulatory policies
A nurse assesses a patient who is recovering from an ileostomy placement. Which clinical manifestation would alert the nurse to urgently contact the health care provider? A Pale and bluish stoma b Liquid stool C Ostomy pouch intact D Blood-smeared output
A
A nurse cares for a patient who states, "My husband is repulsed by my colostomy and refuses to be intimate with me." How would the nurse respond? A "Lets talk to the ostomy nurse to help you and your husband work through this." B "You could try to wear longer lingerie that will better hide the ostomy appliance." C "You should empty the pouch first so it will be less noticeable for your husband." D "If you are not careful, you can hurt the stoma if you engage in sexual activity."
A
A nurse cares for a patient with ulcerative colitis. The patient states, "I feel like I am tied to the toilet. This disease is controlling my life." How would the nurse respond? A "Let's discuss potential factors that increase your symptoms." B "If you take the prescribed medications, you will no longer have diarrhea. C "To decrease distress, do not eat anything before you go out." d You must retake control of your life. I will consult a therapist to help."
A
Incentives to participate in wellness programs can take many forms including vouchers, gift cards, and reduced insurance premiums. A. True B. False
A
Limited health care dollars must be spent wisely. Judgements about the usefulness of therapies can be based on whether they benefit a large percentage of the population and whether they are: A cost effective. B. traditional. C. complementary, D. alternative,
A
Managed care reduces the cost of health care through elimination of redundant facilities and services. A. True B. False
A
Millions of people in the United States and billions of people worldwide have limited access to health care services, often because of a lack of health insurance coverage. A. True B. False
A
Rosie tries to make an appointment with an orthopedist for her foot pain but is told by the office assistant that because of her insurance, a health maintenance organization, she needs a referral from her primary care physician (PCP). Rosie's PCP requires a visit for the condition before making the referral, so Rosie makes the appointment. Nurse Candance interviews Rosie at the PCP appointment, where Rosie expresses frustration at the requirement to have what she thinks is an additional appointment with the PCP. "What a waste!" exclaims Rosie. Candance considers how to respond to Rosie's statement. Which of the following would be an accurate explanation? A. Overall, your insurance company is saving money, because it costs less for them to pay your primary care physician for many diagnoses. B. Overall, your insurance company is saving money, because it costs less for them to pay the specialist for many diagnoses. C. Overall, your insurance company is not saving money, because it costs less for them to pay the specialist for many diagnoses. D. Overall, your insurance company is not saving money, because it costs less for them to pay the specialist for many diagnoses.
A
Several theories have been proposed to determine how resources and services should be distributed. Which of the following are theories that are based, in general, upon the rule that it is good to maximize the greatest good for the greatest number? A Utilitarian B. Libertarian C. Communitarian D. Egalitarian
A
What is a legislative position statement? A A published document advocating policy on a specific issue B. A secret document advocating policy on a specific issue C. A disclosure about examination and surgical positions D A practice avoided by the American Nurses Association
A
Which of the following is NOT an Environmental Health political issue? A Reporting of STDs B Clean indoor air C. Global warming D. Clean groundwater
A
nurse assesses a patient who has appendicitis. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to find? A Severe, steady right lower quadrant pain B Abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting C. Marked peristalsis and hyperactive bowel sounds d. Abdominal pain that increases with knee flexion
A
In what ways could the Supreme Court be considered partisan? (Select all that apply.) A The President identifies with one party and appoints judges. B. The maiority party in the Senate can easily confirm or reject the appointee. C.Senate members can question appointees on partisan issues. D The minority party in the Senate can easily confirm or reject the appointee
A B C
Serious problems of the current U.S. healthcare system are related to which of the following: A. Autonomy that favors the individual over society's needs B. Profit as the primary motive for providing health care services C. Unquestioned use of expensive technology D. Equal distribution of access to health care
A B C
A nurse plans care for a patient who has chronic diarrhea. Which actions would the nurse include in this patient's plan of care? (Select all that apply.) A Using premoistened disposable wipes for perineal care B Turning the patient from right to left every 2 hours C Using an antibacterial soap to clean after each stool D Applying a barrier cream to the skin after cleaning E Keeping broken skin areas open to air to promote healing
A B D
Which of the following are the distinct phases of policy making? (Select all that apply.) A Policy formulation B.Policy rejection C. Policy implementation D.Policy diagnosis E Policy modification
A C E
A nurse teaches a community group ways to prevent Escherichia coli infection. Which statements would the nurse include in this group's teaching? (Select all that apply.) A "Wash your hands after any contact with animals." B "It is not necessary to buy a meat thermometer." C "Stay away from people who are ill with diarrhea." D 'Use separate cutting boards for meat and vegetables." E '"Avoid swimming in backyard pools and using hot tubs."
A D
What is distributive justice? A. The ethical principle of justice within the health care system focuses on the fair distribution of services only B The ethical principle of justice within the health care system focuses on the fair distribution of goods and services C. The ethical principle of justice within the health care system focuses on the unequal distribution of goods and services D. The ethical principle of justice within the health care system focuses on the fair distribution of goods only
B
These determine what programs are funded
Allocative policies
A nurse cares for a patient who is recovering from a hemorrhoidectomy. The patient states, need to have a bowel movement." Which action would the nurse take? a. Obtain a bedside commode for the patient to use. B Stay with the patient while providing privacy. C Make sure the call light is in reach to signal completion. D Cater supplies to collect a stool sample for the laboratory.
B
Margaret is stunned when she receives the bill for the last three weeks of care for her mother, who died in intensive care at the hospital. Her mother had a terminal illness and was 88 years old. Margaret thinks, "It costs this much, and they couldn't even save her?" What is the name for intensive care of elderly patients with terminal illness, when there is no hope for recovery? A Curative care B. Futile care C. Managed care D. Preventive care
B
Nurse Stacey is preparing to discuss policy with officials. She knows she should carefully review objective data and pertinent research findings and prepare a few attention-getting personal stories. She also knows that one additional factor often gets attention when other factors are ignored, so she is fully prepared to explain which factor: A Ethical principles B Cost savings C A patient's life story D. Historical background
B
Several theories have been proposed to determine how resources and services should be distributed. Which of the following are theories that do not classify health care as a right, but rather as a commodity that operates on the material principle of ability to pay either directly or indirectly through insurance? A Utilitarian B. Libertarian C. Communitarian D. Egalitarian
B
When two office assistants Called in sick, Nurse Roussie was asked to return a call to an irate patient. This patient, Emily, was distraught that her cosmetic surgery was not paid for by her Insurance. Roussie thinks, "Who doesn't know that insurance doesn't cover cosmetic surgery?." - but she refrains from saying that out loud. What is an accurate explanation that she can give Emily to calm her, so Roussie can get back to her nursing tasks? A. "Read your policy." B. "Yes, it's disappointing that your surgery was not covered by your insurance. I'm sure our office policy allows for you to go on a payment plan. Could I have an assistant call you back tomorrow?" C. "Insurance is designed to cover extraordinary procedures, so that is why they should definitely pay for your cosmetic surgery. You should call them back and argue about it." D. "If they pay for your cosmetic surgery, then they would have to pay for everybody's cosmetic surgery, and that would help the insurance company make a bigger profit."
B
Which of the following is NOT a recent trend in U.S. health economics? A increased costs B. increased access to health care for all C. businesses attempting to gain control over health care expenditures D. cutbacks to Medicare
B
Which of the following are nursing's political strengths? (Select all that apply.) A Nurses comprise a small group of health care providers. B. Nurses comprise the largest group of health care providers. C Nurses have historically been perceived as honest and ethical, D Nurses usually continue to be active once they are involved in health policy.
B C D
After teaching a patient who has a new colostomy, the nurse provides feedback based on the patient's ability to complete self-care activities. Which statement would the nurse include in this feedback? A "I realize that you had a tough time today, but it will get easier with practice." B "You cleaned the stoma well. Now you need to practice putting on the appliance." C "You seem to understand what I taught you today. What else can I help you with?" D "You seem uncomfortable. Do you want your daughter to care for your ostomy?"X
C
How did malpractice litigation influence the health care system? A. It helped cut costs by eliminating support services: B. it resulted in small awards the birih of defensive medicine, decreasing the expense to the system C It resulted in huge awards and the birth of defensive medicine, adding to the expense of the system. D It helped increase costs by increasing nursing staft
C
Several theories have been proposed to determine how resources and services should be distributed. Which of the following are theories that place the community at the center of the value system, not the individual, state, nation or other entity? A. Utilitarian B Libertarian C Communitarian D. Egalitarian
C
The nurse's role in policy formation, implementation, and modification is most often that of: A. a whistle-blower. B a sensationalist. C. an advocate. D a bully.
C
What is one step patients can take before having a diagnostic imaging procedure to lower their health care costs? A. Go to a more expensive specialist to avoid needing imaging procedures. B Be sure to have several diagnostic imaging procedures at the same time. C. Call several institutions to get a quote on what the cost will be for that specific procedure. D. Refuse to have the imaging procedure.
C
Which of the following is NOT a nursing workplace political issue? A.Mandatory overtime B.Nurse-patient ratios C.Active euthanasia D.Workplace discrimination
C
After teaching a patient with diverticular disease, a nurse assesses the patient's understanding. Which menu selection made by the patient indicates the patient correctly understood the teaching? a Roasted chicken with rice pilaf and a cup (236 mL) of coffee with cream B Spaghetti with meat sauce, a fresh fruit cup (175 g), and hot tea C Garden salad with a cup (240 mL) of bean soup and a glass of low-fat milk D Baked fish with steamed carrots and a glass of apple juice
D
Janet, a recent graduate preparing for the NCLEX, would like to stay current on issues and policy goals. What is one of the best and most reliable sources that Janet can use for current information important to nurse and health policy? A. Local radio and television B. Political campaigns C. Social media campaigns D. Organizations such as the ANA
D
Nurse Rebecca cares about health policy initiatives. She wants to influence her representative directly through banding together with other nurses and presenting solutions to health problems in their area. What is the first stage of policy making at which Rebecca and other nurses could influence her representative? A.Policy diagnosis B.Policy modification C.Policy rejection D. Policy formulation
D
Policy development flows from personal values and all ethical principles, particularly of beneficence and: A.statutes. B.noncompliance. C.veracity. D. justice.
D
Several theories have been proposed to determine how resources and services should be distributed. Which of the following are theories that promoting ideals of equal distribution of social benefits and burdens? A. Utilitarian B. Libertarian C Communitarian D. Egalitarian
D
Which of the following is NOT true concerning Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOS)? A. HMOs are the most restrictive type of managed care requiring members to select a primary care physician. B. HMOs typically require a referral before a patient receives care from a specialist or other physician. C. HMOs usually only pay for care within the provider network. D. HMOs usually allow members to receive care out of their network, but the member must pay more than if they use a network provider.
D
Which statement does NOT support the idea that the United States has the best health care in the world? A The U.S. has had unprecedented advances in health care technology. B. Providers in the U.S. have access to the most current health care knowledge. C Many U.S. health care programs are distributed on the basis of need. D. Health care services and resources are inaccessible to a segment of the population.
D
