QUIZ 2 Research Methods

When reading an empirical journal article "with a purpose," which section should you read first? * Abstract * Introduction * Method * Discussion

Abstract

Which of the following is the correct ordering of the sections of an empirical journal article? * Introduction, Results, Discussion, Method, References * Introduction, Discussion, Method, Results, Abstract * Abstract, References, Introduction, Results, Discussion * Abstract, Method, Results, Discussion, References

Abstract, Method, Results, Discussion, References

Which of the following is a limitation of PsycINFO compared to Google Scholar? * PsycINFO does not provide PDF versions of articles. * PsycINFO is not free to use. * PsycINFO is not limited to just psychology and related fields. * PsycINFO does not allow you to search particular fields.

PsychINFO is not free to use

Which of the following is the last section of an empirical journal article? * Method * Results * Discussion * Introduction * None of the above

References

How would you adopt the mindset of a scientific reasoner? * Using common sense to understand scientific data * Remaining objective as you interpret scientific data * Finding evidence that confirms your hypotheses * Reminding yourself that because you know about potential biases, you cannot fall prey to them

Remaining objective as you interpret scientific data

Javier wants his lab partner to tell him if he thinks the article he found for their project is appropriate. Rather than have him read the article, which two parts of the paper could Javier have his lab partner read to get a summary of the article? * The abstract and the first paragraph of the introduction * The abstract and the first paragraph of the discussion * The abstract and the method section * The last paragraph of the introduction and the results section

The abstract and the first paragraph of the discussion

Hannah just finished reading an empirical journal article for a class project. What information might she get out of reading the references section of her article? * A list of the measures used in the study * The name of an article that researched a similar topic * An idea for a future study * An explanation of the statistical tests used

The name of an article that researched a similar topic

Which of the following is a problem presented by the by the availability heuristic? * We do not examine all of the evidence, only what we can quickly think of. * We rely on the opinions of others rather than on our own opinions. * It keeps us from examining our own experience. * We will never be right in our conclusions.

We do not examine all of the evidence, only what we can quickly think of.

When reading an empirical journal article "with a purpose," which two questions should you ask yourself as you read? * "What is the argument?" and "What is the evidence to support the argument?" * "What were the methods?" and "What are the results?" * "What is the hypothesis?" and "What are the explanations?" * "What research exists on this topic?" and "What research needs to be conducted to answer the question?"

"What is the argument?" and "What is the evidence to support the argument?"

If you are interested in reading an overview of peer-reviewed scientific research within a specific area, which of the following reading sources would you choose? * Edited books * Popular magazines * Scientific journals * An expert's dissertation

Scientific journals

After reading the chapter, Cyril says to himself, "I am sure other people might engage in faulty thinking, but I never would." What is Cyril experiencing? * Bias blind spot * Confirmation bias * Faulty intuition * Motivated thinking

Bias blind spot

Marcella is conducting a PsycINFO search for treatments for autism spectrum disorder by searching "autism treatment." However, her search is returning too many results. If she is interested in getting more specific results, Marcella could search: * using the "or" function for all thesaurus synonyms for autism. * "autism treatment" and "behavioral" and enter an age range of interest. * "autism spectrum disorder" or "treatment" or "symptom improvement." * "autis*treatment."

"autism treatment" and "behavioral" and enter an age range of interest.

A psychiatrist is testing a drug that treats depression. He has given the drug to all his patients, and all of them have experienced a decrease in depressive symptoms. Although this is interesting, his experience is limited because he does not have: * a reliable way to measure depressive symptoms. * a comparison group that did not receive the drug. * a hypothesis. * psychotherapy to supplement the drug.

A comparison group that did not receive the drug

Sasha believes that she is a nice person. To confirm this, she asks all her friends whether she is a nice person; they all agree that she is. Sasha concludes that she is a nice person and says she has evidence of it. Sasha would likely draw a different conclusion if she did which of the following? * Asked her enemies if she was a nice person * Counted up all the times she was nice in the past * Asked all her friends the same question again in another six months * Considered all the times she was nice to her enemies

Asked her enemies if she was a nice person

What does it mean that behavioral research is probabilistic? * Conclusions drawn from behavioral research are probably true. * Behavioral research involves probability sampling. * Inferences drawn from behavioral research are not expected to explain all cases. * Behavioral research requires the calculation of probability estimates.

Inferences drawn from behavioral research are not expected to explain all cases.

RESEARCH STUDY 2.1: Charlotte is studying subliminal messages and weight loss. She is curious whether people will lose more weight if they hear subliminal messages that encourage weight loss ("don't eat that food," "you want to be thin," etc.) in the music on their iPods compared to people who do not have subliminal messages in their music. She studies 40 people and finds the following results: Exposed to Subliminal Messages Number Who Lost Weight (Cell A) 15 people Number Who Did Not Lose Weight (Cell C) 5 people Not Exposed to Subliminal Messages Number Who Lost Weight (Cell B) 10 people Number Who Did Not Lose Weight (Cell D) 10 people To understand whether the subliminal messages have an effect, Charlotte needs to consider which of the following cells in the chart? * Only Cell A * Only Cell B * Only Cell C * She must consider all cells

She must consider all cells

Tim tells you that the best way to make friends is by opening the conversation with a joke. He can easily recall all the friends he met by telling a joke and also the times he opened with chitchat and didn't befriend the person. If you were concerned that Tim was making the blind spot bias, what would you ask him? * What about the times you opened with a joke and didn't become friends with the person? * Do you think the times you made friends by telling jokes might come more easily to mind? * Have you tested this conclusion systematically? * Did you go into conversations where you opened with jokes thinking that you would make friends?

What about the times you opened with a joke and didn't become friends with the person?

Asking questions to get the answers we want is known as: * availability heuristic * cherry-picking of evidence * confirmation bias * overconfidence

confirmation bias

Different factors that could account for significant results are called ______. * hypotheses * biases * predictions * confounds

confounds

You read research that found that first-born children tend to have higher IQs than their siblings. However, you typically earn higher grades than your older brother. Scientists might explain this discrepancy by saying that: * research is probabilistic. * you have cherry-picked information to support your conclusion. * you have fallen prey to your blind spot bias. * your intuition is better than research.

research is probabilistic.