Quiz Chapter 12 - Nervous Tissue

The motor portion of the autonomic nervous system can be divided into somatic and sympathetic divisions. somatic and parasympathetic divisions. enteric and somatic divisions. sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. voluntary and involuntary divisions.

sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

In this diagram, which of these types of channels contributes to more potassium diffusing down their concentration gradient compared to sodium? A B C D

A

The cell body of what neuron(s) in this diagram is/are found in gray matter of the spinal cord? A B unipolar neuron A & B A & C

A

Which diagram represents the type of circuit commonly used to send sensory signals to multiple areas of the brain? A B C D

A

Which of the cells in the diagram produces a myelin sheath but lacks a neurolemma? A B C D F

A

In this diagram, where is a node of Ranvier? A B C D E

B

Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that produces and assists in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid? A B C D F

F

Which part of the neuron in this diagram will contain voltage-gated ion channels? A B E F G

G

Manic-depressive illness is associated with major depression. dysthymia. bipolar disorder. seasonal affective disorder. all of these disorders.

bipolar disorder

Plasticity means the ability to regenerate after being damaged. communicate by hormones. convert stimulus into an action potential. change based on experience. stretch and recoil without damage.

change based on experience

Which type of central nervous system tissue contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, and neuroglial cells? Gray matter White matter Nissl bodies Ganglia

gray matter

A depolarizing graded potential makes the membrane more polarized. makes the membrane less polarized. occurs when chloride enters the cytosol. occurs when acetylcholine enters the cytosol. occurs on the axon.

makes the membrane less polarized

__________open and close in response to physical deformation of receptors. Leak channels Ligand-gated channels Mechanically gated channels Voltage-gated channels

mechanically gated channels

Which electrical signal can allow for rapid long-distance communication within the nervous system? resting potential nerve action potential muscle action potential graded potential

nerve action potential

Which diagram represents the type of circuit involved in controlling the movement of the biceps brachii and triceps brachii skeletal muscles? A B C D

B

In this diagram, which of these types of channels represents a gate that opens to a depolarizing event? A B C D

D

Which diagram represents the type of circuit used to solve algorithms and geometry? A B C D

D

Wallerian degeneration refers to degeneration of the proximal end of axon and myelin sheath after neural injury. degeneration of the distal end of axon and myelin sheath after neural injury. break of Nissl bodies after neural injury. plasticity of neuron.

degeneration of the distal end of axon and myelin sheath after neural injury

Which of the following structures is labeled A in the diagram? axon terminal trigger zone cell body peripheral process dendrites

dendrites

An excitatory neurotransmitter _____ the postsynaptic membrane. depolarizes repolarizes hyperpolarizes does not affect the polarity of creates a synaptic delay at

depolarizes

A postsynaptic neuron responds to acetylcholine neurotransmitter by creating EPSP IPSP either EPSP or IPSP neither EPSP or IPSP

either EPSP or IPSP

In an action potential, the electric current that flows is generated by the movement of _____ across the membrane. electrons protons ions chemicals neutrons

ions

Which of the neurons is located deep in the dermis or hypodermis and detect deep pressure? corpuscle of touch nociceptor pacinian Corpuscle tactile epithelial cell

pacinian corpuscle

In this diagram, which structure electrically insulates the axon of a neuron to increase the speed of nerve impulse conduction? A B C D E

E

Faster communication and synchronization are two advantages of chemical synapses electrical synapses graded potentials action potentials Na+-K+ ATPases

electrical synapses

What specific type of unipolar neuron detects a sharp pain? tactile epithelial cells (Merkel disc) corpuscle of touch (Meissner corpuscle) lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle nociceptor

nociceptor

When a graded potential summates to threshold at the axon hillock, ligand-gated Ca+2 channels close rapidly. voltage-gated Ca+2 channels open rapidly. ligand-gated Na+ channels close rapidly. voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly. ligand-gated K+ channels open rapidly.

voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly

Which of the following types of neurons is the most common type of neuron found in the brain and spinal cord? bipolar neuron multipolar neuron unipolar neuron pseudounipolar

multipolar neuron

____ is a neurotransmitter that is made on demand and can be used for microbial defense. _____ is a neurotransmitter that is made on demand and is used for vasodilation and special sensory recognition. nitric oxide, enkephalins carbon monoxide, nitric oxide serotonin; carbon monoxide nitric oxide; carbon monoxide enkephalins; serotonin

nitric oxide; carbon monoxide

All of the following statements are true for which type of cell? · has a charge imbalance across its membrane. · includes most cells of the body. · exhibits a membrane potential. · inside is more negative relative to outside. Nonpolarized cell Polarized cell Neutral cell Electrogenic cell

polarized cell

These statements describe what part of an action potential? · Sodium activation gates are closed · Sodium inactivation gates are open · Potassium gates are open · Repolarization is occurring Latent period Absolute refractory period Relative refractory period Depolarizing phase Repolarizing phase

relative refractory period

During an action potential's ___________, a second stimulus can be produced only if the stimulus is greater than the threshold stimulus. This event corresponds to the period when the __________ remain open and sodium inactivation gates have reopened. absolute refractory period; sodium voltage-gated channels absolute refractory period; potassium voltage-gated channels relative refractory period; sodium voltage-gated channels relative refractory period; potassium voltage-gated channels

relative refractory period; potassium voltage-gated channels

Diffusion, enzymatic degradation, and uptake by cells are all ways to remove a neurotransmitter stop a spatial summation continue a temporal summation inhibit a presynaptic potential excite a presynaptic potential

remove a neurotransmitter

Hearing your cell phone ring in an quiet lecture hall is an example of which nervous system functions? Sensory function Integrative function Motor function More than one of the types of nervous system functions

sensory function

The neuron labeled B in this diagram would be classified as what type of functional neuron? somatic sensory neuron special senses neuron motor neuron association neuron

special senses neuron

Saltatory conduction is described by which statements? I. current passes through the entire unmyelinated axon membrane II. current passes through a myelinated axon only at the nodes of Ranvier III. current occurs at faster rates IV. voltage-gated channels are concentrated in unmyelinated regions V. More energy is used to increase speed of conduction 1, 3, 4 2, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1, 5 2, 3, 4

2, 3, 4

Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that can be found in gray or white matter and makes contact with blood capillaries, neurons and pia mater of brain and spinal cord? A B C D F

A

Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that removes debris and acts as a phagocyte? A B C D F

B

Which part of the neuron in this diagram produces proteins that can regenerate damaged axons in the PNS? A B C E Both A and B

B

In this diagram,which of the channels is predominantly located on sensory neurons somas and dendrites and responds to vibration, touch, and stretch? A B C D

C

Which diagram represents a circuit that helps coordinated muscular activities, breathing, and short-term memory? A B C D

C

Which of the cells in this diagram sends electrical signals to glands, muscles and other neurons? A B C D F

C

Which of the structures in this diagram would be included in a ganglion? A B C D E

C

In this diagram, which structure would be produced by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system? A B C D E

E

In the process of spatial summation, _____ are added together and _____ are subtracted from that total to determine whether _____ will be created at the trigger zone of the postsynaptic neuron. EPSPs; IPSPs; action potentials IPSPs; EPSPs; action potentials EPSPs; IPSPs; graded potentials IPSPs; action potentials; EPSPs EPSPs; action potentials; IPSPs

EPSPs; IPSPs; action potentials

Which organelle is a common site of protein synthesis in neurons? Mitochondria Nucleus Nissl body Golgi apparatus Nucleolus

Nissi body

During an action potential's ___________, a second stimulus will not produce a second action potential (no matter how strong that stimulus is). This event corresponds to the period when the __________ remain open and the sodium inactivation gates have not reopened. absolute refractory period; voltage-gated sodium channels absolute refractory period; voltage-gated potassium channels relative refractory period; voltage-gated sodium channels relative refractory period; voltage-gated potassium channels

absolute refractory period; voltage-gated potassium channels

This type of neuron has one dendrite and one axon emerging from the cell body. Multipolar neuron Bipolar neuron Unipolar neuron Purkinje cell Pyramidal cell

bipolar neuron

During the resting state of a voltage-gated Na+ channel, I. the inactivation gate is open. II. the activation gate is closed. III. the channel is permeable to Na+. 1 only 2 only 3 only both 1 and 2 are true. all of these choices are true.

both 1 and 2 are true

Chromatolysis refers to break up of lysosomes after neural injury. Wallerian degeneration after neural injury. plasticity of neuron. break up of Nissl bodies after neural injury. none of these choices

break up of Nissi bodies after neural injury

This type of neural circuit consists of a single presynaptic neuron synapsing with several postsynaptic neurons. Diverging circuit Converging circuit Reverberating circuit Parallel after-discharge circuit Simple series circuit

diverging circuit

Which division of the peripheral nervous system only innervates the gastrointestinal tract's wall? Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system Enteric nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system

enteric nervous system

Acetylcholine is _________ at the neuromuscular junctions and ________ at cardiac muscle in the parasympathetic pathway. excitatory; inhibitory excitatory; excitatory inhibitory; excitatory inhibitory; inhibitory

excitatory; inhibitory

In temporal summation, a single presynaptic neuron stimulates the creation of action potentials in a postsynaptic neuron when it stops firing long enough to allow the postsynaptic neuron to recover. fires at a fast enough rate that the sum of EPSPs in the postsynaptic neuron moves above threshold. fires at a steady rate that allows the postsynaptic neuron to return to resting potential. recruits other presynaptic neurons to begin to fire.

fires at a fast enough rate that the sum of EPSPs in the postsynaptic neuron moves above threshold

Which neurotransmitters are used in virtually all of the inhibitory synapses found in the spinal cord? gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetylcholine gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine epinephrine and norepinephrine serotonin and melatonin glutamate and aspartate

gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine

After birth Schwann cells form myelin sheaths around axons in the central nervous system. stop myelinating neurons in the peripheral nervous system. lose their ability to regenerate neurons. increase their presence and amount of myelination in the peripheral nervous system. wrap around multiple parts of several axons forming nodes of Ranvier.

increase their presence and amount of myelination in the peripheral nervous system

Na+/K+-ATPase is considered to be an electrogenic pump because it contributes to the negativity of the resting membrane potential. the sodium ions are negatively charged. it exhibits low permeability. it hydrolyzes ADP into ATP. destroys the resting membrane potential.

it contributes to the negativity of the resting membrane potential

Which of these allows more potassium to exit the neuron and helps in maintaining the resting membrane potential? leak channel ligand-gated channel mechanically gated channel voltage-gated channel

leak channel

The nervous system can distinguish between a light touch and a heavier touch because weak stimuli generate action potentials more often than strong stimuli. all action potentials are alike regardless of stimulus intensity. the frequency of impulses sent to sensory centers is changing. the threshold is lower for different sensations. the length of the refractory period is modified.

the frequency of impulses sent to sensory centers is changing