R&W (3rd Grading)

Topic Outline

Also, the wording within each division must be parallel.

Sentence Outline

As in any outline, remember that a division or subdivision can not be divided into one part; therefore, if there is an "A" there must be a "B," and if there is a "1" there must be a "2."

Topic Outline

Finally, as in any outline, remember that a division or subdivision cannot be divided into one part; therefore, if there is an "A" there must be a "B," and if there is a "1" there must be a "2."

T-chart Diagram

If the task involves analyzing or comparing two comparing with two aspects of the topic, use this diagram.

Venn Diagram

If the task involves examining the similarities and differences between two or three items, use this diagram.

Pie Chart

If the task involves showing divisions with a group, use this diagram.

Cause and Effect Diagram

If the task is examining possible causes and effects in a process, use this diagram .

Decision Making Diagram

If the task is making a decision, use a graphic organizer to enumerate possible alternatives and the pros and cons. ​

Tree

If the topic involves a chain of events with a beginning and with multiple outcomes at each node use this diagram.

Flowchart

If the topic involves a chain of instructions to follow, with a beginning and multiple possible outcomes at some node, with rules at some nodes, use this diagram.

Chain of Events

If the topic involves a linear chain of events, with a definite beginning, middle and end, use this diagram.

Spider

If the topic involves investigating attributes associated with a single topic, and then obtaining more details on each of those ideas, use a spider diagram. This is like a star graphic organizer with one or more levelslevel of detail.

Star

If the topic involves investigating attributes associated with a single topic, use this diagram as your graphic organizer.

Fish Bone

If the topic involves investigating multiple cause-and-effect factors associated with a complex topic and how they inter-relate, use this diagram.

Sentence Outline

If you have chosen to write this outline, all headings and sub-headings must be in sentence form.

Consistency

In standard outlining format, main points are indicated by capital roman numerals, subpoints are indicated by capital letters, and sub-subpoints are indicated by Arabic numerals. Further divisions are indicated by either lowercase letters or lowercase roman numerals.

Sentence Outline

Is a list of complete sentences. Each of this, instead of simply identifying a mini-topic, is like a mini-thesis statement about that mini-topic. It expresses the specific and complete idea that that section of the paper will cover as part of proving the overall thesis.

Topic Outline

Recall that all headings and subheadings must be words or phrases, not sentences.

Alphanumeric Outline

This is the most common type of outline used and is usually instantly recognizable to most people

Rapid Ideation

a time limit is set for individuals to write down thoughts or ideas around the topic as possible, using any mediums available.

Graphic Organizer

are a pictorial way of constructing knowledge and organizing information. They help the student convert and compress a lot of seemingly disjointed information into a structural, simple-to-read, graphic display. The resulting visual display conveys complex information in a simple-to-understand manner.

Starbursting

assures that all aspects of the project are addressed before any work goes into executing it.

stepladder technique

contribute individually before being influenced by everyone else.

Macro Outline

focus on this is the drilled-down specific details of the essay's content. They are particularly useful when the topic you are discussing is complex in nature. When creating this outline, it can also be useful to insert the quotations you plan to include in the essay (with citations) and subsequent analyses of quotes. Taking this extra step helps ensure that you have enough support for your ideas, as well as reminding writers to actually analyze and discuss quotations, rather than simply inserting quotes and moving on. While time-consuming to create, this type of outline can be seen as basically creating the first rough draft of an essay.

Starbursting

focuses on forming questions rather than answers.

Decimal Outline

follows the same levels of indentation when formatting to indicate the hierarchy of ideas/points as the alphanumeric outline. The added benefit of this type of outline notation, however, is that it clearly shows, through the decimal breakdown, how each progressive level relates to the larger whole.

Rapid Ideation

good for teams who tend to get sidetracked, or for placing a time limit on brainstorming sessions.

Starbursting

good for teams who tend to overlook certain aspects of a project and end up rushing things done last minute.

Character Traits

help the students show the aspects of a person's behavior and attitudes that make up that person's personality.

Story Maps

helps the students to summarize, analyze and understand a story or event.

Online brainstorming (brain-netting)

ideas are archived in one central location.

Micro Outline

in contrast, focus on the "big picture" of an essay's main points and support by using short phrases or keywords to indicate the focus and content at each level of the essay's development. This type of outline is useful when writing about a variety of ideas and issues where the ordering of points is more flexible. This type of outline are also especially helpful when writing timed essays, or essay exam questions--or any rhetorical situation where writers need to quickly get their ideas down in an organized essay format.

Outline

is a general plan of the material that is to be presented in a speech or a paper. This shows the order of the various topics, the relative importance of each, and the relationship between the various parts.

Topic Outline

is a list of words and phrases. It arranges your ideas hierarchically (showing which are main and which are sub-points), in the sequence you want, and shows what you will talk about. As the name implies, it identifies all the little mini-topics that your paper will comprise, and shows how they relate.

Brainstorming

it is a process for generating creative ideas and solutions through intensive and freewheeling group discussion.

Unity

means that each letter or number represents one idea. One concrete way to help reduce the amount of ideas you include per item is to limit each letter or number to one complete sentence. If you find that one subpoint has more than one idea, you can divide it into two subpoints. Limiting each component of your outline to one idea makes it easier to then plug in supporting material and helps ensure that your speech is coherent. Sourcing the information ​

Brainwriting

member individually write down their ideas.

Figuring storming

putting yourself in new shoes.

Brainwriting

separate idea generation from discussion.

Emphasis

states that the material included in your outline should be engaging and balanced. As you place supporting material into your outline, choose the information that will have the most impact on your audience. Choose information that is proxemic and relevant, meaning that it can be easily related to the audience's lives because it matches their interests or ties into current events or the local area. Remember primacy and recency discussed earlier and place the most engaging information first or last in a main point depending on what kind of effect you want to have. Also make sure your information is balanced. The outline serves as a useful visual representation of the proportions of your speech. You can tell by the amount of space a main point, subpoint, or sub-subpoint takes up in relation to other points of the same level whether or not your speech is balanced. If one subpoint is a half a page, but a main point is only a quarter of a page, then you may want to consider making the subpoint a main point. Each part of your speech doesn't have to be equal. The first or last point may be more substantial than a middle point if you are following primacy or recency, but overall the speech should be relatively balanced.

Rapid Ideation

team leader provides context beforehand.

Brainwriting

this technique works best for teams who seem to be greatly influenced by the first ideas presented during a meeting.

stepladder technique

useful for teams who are easily influenced by only one or two members, leading to groupthink.

Coherence

which states that there should be a logical and natural flow of ideas, with main points, subpoints, and sub-sub points connecting to each other (Winans, 1917). Shorter phrases and keywords can make up the speaking outline, but you should write complete sentences throughout your formal outline to ensure this. The principle can also be met by making sure that when dividing a main point or subpoint, you include at least two subdivisions.

Figuring storming

works best for teams who find themselves coming across the same ideas for repetitive projects.

Figuring storming

you aim to do or think how someone might handle the situation.