RED4348

Which letter combination has the same vowel sound as the i in the word spite.

igh

Students need vocabulary instruction that:

includes multiple methods of direct and indirect instruction

Administering DIBELS Phonemic Segmentation Fluency at the end of kindergarten

indicates which students will need the support of Tier 2 or Tier 3 instruction at the beginning of first grade.

The majority of words are acquired:

indirectly from independent reading

The strategy that uses mnemonics to make vocabulary more meaningful to students is known as:

keyword method

In the format for reading regular words with 2 or more syllables, the words are broken into:

known parts

ai, ch, and th are all examples of:

letter combinations

Teachers should instruct students in classroom routines and procedures in order to:

maximize instructional time

Ms. Evers' students are learning to sound out words for the first time. Ms. Evers sounded out one word for them and then had them sound out the remaining four words on their own. Which of the teaching enhancements is Ms. Evers violating?

my turn-together-your turn

In the format for teaching vocabulary directly using definitions, the teacher helps the children avoid errors of overgeneralization by including:

nonexamples

Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing (CTOPP) is:

norm-referenced for older students???

When engaging in the "Teacher-Class" game, the teacher should:

notice positive behaviors and give points for them

Children who are at-risk:

often begin school with limited vocabularies

Woodcock Reading Mastery Test (Revised) (WRMT-R) Word Attack subtest and Test of Word Reading Efficiency (TOWRE) should be considered when working with:

older students for whom the DIBELS norms may not be relevant

Johnelle is not reading at grade level at the end of first grade. According to research by Juel (1988), how many readers in her situation ever catch up to their peers and read at grade level?

one in eight

Which letter combination would you be teaching if you asked your students to pretend that they are using their energy while pushing a heavy elephant and making the sound

oo as in book

Which approach is recommended by your text for decoding multisyllable words?

part-by-part approach

Mr. Mauer's students are practicing word reading. Mr. Mauer writes a word on the board, has his students read the word, erases the word and then writes the next word on the board and so forth. Which of the instructional enhancements is Mr. Mauer violating?

perky pace

What techniques are used in the teaching format for Blending to help the students acquire phonemic awareness?

perky pace, praise, systematic error correction, "My turn-Together-Your Turn"

The first strategy fluent readers use when they encounter an unknown word is

phoneme-grapheme associations

Ms. Dawes is a kindergarten teacher who starts each school day by saying a word, and then having the students identify the sounds in the word. For example, Ms. Dawes might say the word "goat" and ask the students to say each sound in the word, i.e., /g/ /ō/ /t/. This type of segmenting is an example of what essential skill area recommended by the National Reading Panel?

phonemic awareness

In the word circumlocution, circum is a ______ that means around.

prefix

Word Walls can be :

problematic when early readers cannot decode the words on them

Assessments that teachers frequently give throughout the year to determine which students need more support to succeed and which students are making adequate growth are called:

progress monitoring assessments

Several letter sounds (/b/ /d/ /ĭ/ /ĕ/) can be particularly difficult for children to articulate and differentiate. When students struggle with these sounds teachers should:

provide extra practice using formal and informal systematic, explicit activities throughout the day

The relationship between vocabulary and comprehension is:

reciprocal

Using assistive technology to support students in the general education classroom:

requires that teachers consider the positive and negative implications of each device before making a decision

Rime is the:

rest of the syllable that contains the vowel and all that follow it

According to the chart of phonics types for beginning readers, which of the following is a beginning reading word?

scrap

After hearing the teacher say a whole word, students identify the first sound in a word. This skill is known as:-

segmenting first sound

After hearing the teacher say the whole word, students say the individual sounds in the word. This skill is known as:

segmenting individual sounds

In the teaching format for Spelling-Regular Words, the teacher uses which of the following phonemic awareness skills to support students during spelling:

segmenting individual sounds

CVC words have

short vowel sounds

In texts for beginning readers, pictures:

should follow the text rather than occurring on the same page

Tier 2 intervention sessions are:

small tutoring groups for students at "some risk" according to the DIBELS or another similar assessment

Children from poverty are likely to have:

smaller vocabularies than advantaged peers

Melody scores a 20 on her DIBELS Nonsense Words Fluency Assessment with no words read correctly. Based on this score, the teacher should have her read a new story the first time by:

sounding out every word before reading the word

Phonemes are:

sounds that make up oral language

A vocabulary assessment where students name pictures or provide definitions for words is assessing their ____________ vocabulary.

speaking

Schwa sounds interfere with blending because

students have to delete the schwa sound before blending

In a multi-tiered reading model, students who receive Tier 2 instruction are:

students who are slightly behind grade level and require additional small-group tutoring sessions.

tion is a:

suffix

Closed, open, R controlled, and consonant -le are all examples of:

syllable types

Phonemic awareness instruction should:

take place throughout the day and across environments????

Predictable books:

teach students that they don't have to look at all parts of words

When students struggle to learn to blend onset-rimes, teachers should:

teach students to blend compound words

Students in the Tier 3 reading group are still learning to read their basic letter-sounds, but the rest of the class is already reading two-and three-syllable words. When the Tier 3 group is with the rest of the class, Mr. Fatheree always expects them to try and read from the regular book so that they don't feel left out. Whenever they misread words, which is often, he uses the same error correction he does for everyone else, which is telling them what the word is and having them go on with their reading. Mr. Fatheree hopes that the Tier 3 students learn a word or two and that they feel good to be a part of the class. What is the main instructional enhancement that Mr. Fatheree is violating.

teaching to success

A direct teaching strategy that teaches vocabulary in context using definitions is called

text talk.

Exception words are words with

that include uncommon sounds or patterns students have not learned

The rapidly widening gap between students who read independently and those who don't is known as:

the Matthew effect

In the text, one recommended reinforcer for older students playing the teacher-student game is:

the opportunity to help younger students

The tier in a multi-tier or RTI model that includes the instructional enhancements plus a more systematically designed and explicitly taught reading curriculum is:

tier 3

In the teaching format for reading regular words in lists, where does the teacher put her finger to signal the individual sounds in each word?

under each letter as the children say the sound

Lydia has just entered kindergarten and receives testing in September to determine whether she needs additional support. This type of assessment used to identify students who need extra support is called

universal screening

In the teaching format for segmenting individual phonemes, the teacher makes the lesson a multisensory experience by:

using her fingers to represent each phoneme

Standardized tests are NOT useful for measuring:

words taught in the classroom

When students make an error when first learning to segment, the teacher's correction procedure should include a:

"My Turn-Together-Your Turn and practice of the missed word later in the lesson

When -ed is at the end of words, it has one of three possible sounds. What are those three sounds?

/ěd/, /d/, /t/

The National Institute of Child Health and Development estimates that as many as ___% of school children may need intensive phonics instruction in order to learn to read.

30%

In order to use context clues to figure out unknown words when reading or listening, students must understand the meaning of at least ___ of the words in the communication.

95%

Which of the following is an example of a teacher using "think time?"

After Mr. Tonadi asks a question, he gradually shortens the length of the pause between his question and signal to respond.

When Mark stopped answering questions in the group during the teacher-class game, Mrs. Lyle said, "Mark I'm warning you - if you don't start answering, I will earn a point." List one of the guidelines that Mrs. Lyle violated when conducting the Teacher-Class game.

Do not give warning about potential points lost.

One of these tests should NOT be used for progress monitoring or as an outcome measure because this skill is not needed to read beginning words. Which test is this?

Letter naming fluency

Which teacher is following best practices with respect to teaching beginning word reading?

Miss Gilbert first teaches her students letter sounds. As soon as some sounds are mastered, she teaches the students to blend those sounds into words. As soon as they can blend sounds into words, she introduces word families for those sounds.

Which classroom teacher is instructing using systematic phonics? a. )Mrs. Win, a first grade teacher, mostly teaches out of the leveled books in her basal reading program. If students learned the sound for /au/ that week and she notices a word with /au/ in the book, she will point it out and have students read it. b.)Mr. Carlson teaches his kindergarteners the 50 most common words that are in the beginning text. By January, he also makes sure that he teaches letter sounds every day so that the students will answer them correctly on the end- of- year kindergarten test. c.)Mrs. Jordash works with the group of readers in her room who are still struggling to learn blends. She has the students read the blends st, sl, and scr, then has them read words that start with those blends, and finally has them read a story called Slim Stan Has to Scram d. )Mrs. Nuygen emphasizes reading by having her students read good literature. If a student misreads a word like bag as sag, she will point out the sound of /b/ and remind the student to read more carefully next time.

Mrs. Jordash works with the group of readers in her room who are still struggling to learn blends. She has the students read the blends st, sl, and scr, then has them read words that start with those blends, and finally has them read a story called Slim Stan Has to Scram

Which statement reflects a strategy suggested when teaching abstract exception words such as were?

Mrs. Lyle always says a short sentence using the word like "The children WERE excited about Halloween."

Which curriculum-based measure provides the most direct information on a student's ability to decode words?

Nonsense Words Fluency

Karate chops are a recommended "perk up your drill" strategy when using the teaching format for which of these phonemic awareness skills?

Segmenting individual phonemes

Advance organizers are used to:

Tell students what they are learning and why

Select the best answer for why learning to automatically say the sounds for b and p is confusing for some children

The letters look and sound similar.

Mrs. Gomez's students have become very accurate reading their word lists. Each day when her students read the list she starts using My Turn - Together - Your Turn with each word. Which of the best practices for reading regular words has she violated?

When students are successful sounding out new words, reduce scaffolding and start teaching using Your Turns

Getting students who are at-risk to meet grade-level benchmarks in phonemic awareness requires:

active student involvement in instruction

The teaching enhancement that helps establish a comfortable level of predictability:

advance organizers

est, ful, and pre are all examples of:

affixes

Teaching phonics makes sense because

at least half of all English words are predictable and therefore decodableand teachable

When students can read regular words at sight, they:

automatically decode words based on their knowledge of letter-sound patterns

Indicate which of the following letter-sounds is a stop sound: m, e, r, b.

b

In the word abnormal, normal is a _________ which means typical.

base word

The onset is the:

beginning sound that precedes the vowel in a syllable

The two phonemic awareness skills that the National Reading Panel identified as having the most value when teaching young children to read are:

blending and segmenting

The teacher-class game:

can be adapted to work in many classrooms situations

Using manipulatives during phonemic awareness tasks:

can be difficult to monitor or manage

Teaching multisyllable words to older learners:

can be part of content instruction with careful planning for systematic, explicit instruction

Computer-assisted instruction in phonemic awareness:

can be useful if paraprofessionals provide immediate corrections

In the teaching format for reading regular words, individual turns are used to:

check students' accuracy

To determine the order in which to teach letter sounds, the teacher who implements systematic, explicit instruction :

considers the graphic and phonemic similarities and differences between the letter sounds

The letter combination bl is a:

consonant blend

Mrs. Ashford has finally taught the last of the five short vowel sounds and is delighted to move on to teaching the long vowels. She teaches long a to mastery before moving on to the long i sound. During the next two weeks, as she teaches the students words with long i, Mrs. Ashford doesn't have students read any words with other vowel sounds besides the long i in order to avoid confusing them. Every day the students read only words with long i. What instructional enhancement is Mrs. Ashford violating by not continuing to provide ongoing practice reading vowel sounds that the students learned in earlier lessons?

cumulative review

The VCV rule cues students to :

decode long vowels

The first step in teaching vocabulary using definitions is to:

develop a clear, understandable definition for vocabulary terms

When Mrs. Adams tests her students to determine what prefixes and suffixes they still do not know so she can teach them in the small afternoon group, what type of assessment is she using?

diagnostic assessment

The letter combination ow (as in cow) is a:

diphthong

________ teaching of vocabulary involves teaching students the meaning of vocabulary using examples, synonyms, definitions, and graphic organizers.

direct

Which of the following affixes cannot be taught in isolation?

ed

The daily practice and decodable reading associated with systematic explicit instruction:

encourage students by providing them with decoding success

In the teaching format for teaching vocabulary directly using definitions, students are asked to explain their responses in order to:

ensure that students understand the meaning of the vocabulary word

When students struggle to learn during direct instruction, teachers should:

examine what the teacher is doing to see if students are confused by something related to the instruction.

Jerome was identified as not needing extra support on the most recent universal screening. However, at the end of the year he tested out as at-risk. Jerome is an example of which problem sometimes associated with universal screening?

false negative

The syllable approach for advanced word reading is most appropriate for students who:

have no problems in oral language

Effective classroom management includes motivational activities that:

help students learn behaviors that support their own and others' learning