Rel 101 Web Midterm (Chinese Religions) Bos

Five Great Relationships

1) Father to son. There should be kindness in the father and filial piety in the son. 2) Elder brother to younger brother. There should be gentility in the elder brother and humility in the younger. 3) Husband to wife. There should be righteous behavior in the husband and obedience in the wife. 4) Elder to junior. There should be consideration among the elders and deference among the juniors. 5) Ruler to subject. There should be benevolence among the rules and loyalty among the subjects.

Four Main Teachings of Daoism

1) The basic unity behind the universe is a mysterious and undefinable force called the Dao. 2) Life is the greatest of all possessions. 3) Life is to be lived simply. 4) Pomp and glory are to be despised.

Ancient Chinese Religion

4 main religions. Buddhism, Folk Religion, Confucianism, and Daoism (also spelled Taoism). The Chinese tend not to practice one religion exclusively. The Chinese see religion as a banquet from which they can choose a variety of spiritual nourishments. They draw from many traditions, often mixing them together.

Laozi

A central figure in Chinese culture, Laozi is generally considered the founder of philosophical and religious Taoism. emphasized the importance of non-action, non-resistance, "going with the flow" to live an elevated and transformative life

Which of the following Confucian virtues refers to "courtesy" or proper social etiquette as well as proper behavior during ceremonial ritual? a. Li b. Ren c. Shu d. Xiao

A. Li

Which of the following is NOT one of the five great Confucian relationships in their original iteration? a. Mother to daughter b. Father to son c. Husband to wife d. Ruler to subject

A. Mother to daughter

What is Daodejing? a. A book purportedly composed by Zhuangzi b. A foundational Daoist text that attempts to describe the Dao c. A prominent Daoist ritual during the New Year Festival d. A Daoist god thought to provide long life

B. A foundational Daoist text that attempts to describe the Dao

Who or what was Shangdi? a. A confucian treasured text b. An ancient Chinese God that rewarded virtuous rulers and punished wicked ones c. the founder of one sect of Daoism d. A Chinese method of divination

B. An ancient Chinese God that rewards virtuous rulers and punished wicked ones

Who is the legendary found of Daoism? a. Confucious b. Laozi c. Mencius d. Zhuangzi

B. Laozi

Which text is thought to contain the teachings of Confucius? a. The Zuangzi b. The Analects c. The Mencius d. The Daodejing

B. The Analects

Which of the following is NOT a prominent Daoist teaching or practice? a. The attempt to prolong life through dietary regulations and alchemy b. Worshiping a creator god c. Living life as simply as possible d. Despising fame, wealth, and everything else that is artificial

B. Worshipping a creator god

Which Confucian thinker denied the basic goodness of humanity (in contrast to earlier and most later Confucist's)? a. Mencius b. Xunzi c. Laozi d. Zuangzi

B. Xunzi

Daoists Attempts to Prolong Life

Becoming an Immortal is achieved by nurturing and purifying the spirit through nature and meditation. And elaborate system of alchemy was also once widely used. These were thought to produce elixirs or pills that would guarantee eternal life. Immortals maintain earthly bodies as spiritual beings. Immortality has no earthly bounds; Immortals may ascend the clouds into the heavens, and travel freely between the human world and the Land of the Immortals.

Influence of Buddhism on Daoism

Buddhism and Daoism easily co-exist and even merge in day-to-day life for many in Asia. The beliefs and philosophies are not identical, but they are complementary.Daoism and Buddhism guide people how to live a good life. They also teach the important values of life to people. They have similar beliefs as both of them believe in the life after death and cycle of life never end.

What is the early davits perspective on government? a. There should be a strong central government that controls everything b. There should be a federal government whose lords are trained to be virtuous c. There should be as little government as possible d. There should be a democratic government instead of a monarchy

C. There should be as little government as possible

Confucius

Confucius was a Chinese philosopher and politician. Confucius is known as the first teacher in China who wanted to make education broadly available and who was instrumental in establishing the art of teaching as a vocation. He also established ethical, moral, and social standards that formed the basis of a way of life known as Confucianism

Which of the following is NOT a component of traditional Chinese religions? a. The Yin and Yang b. Ancestor Worship c. Divination d. Extreme asceticism

D. Extreme Asceticism

Early Confucians

Early Confucianism is typically identified with the Confucian philosophers active during the period leading up to and during the Warring States era in China (6th - 3rd century BCE). The most familiar and discussed figures in this period are Confucius himself, Mengzi, and Xunzi.

Impact of Communism on Confucianism

In 1949, China underwent a revolution and became the People's Republic of China, under the direction of a Marxist government. The official attitude of this government toward religion was that it would gradually fade away from a modern society. Communist Party declared its respect for religion—and continues to hope that it will disappear.

Dragon Boat Festival

In June, the Chinese people celebrate the beginning of summer with the - - -. This season is celebrated with - - races and the eating of rice cakes. The beginning of summer is believed to be the high point of yang power in the Earth (the longest day of the year) and the beginning of yin power.

The Confucian Virtues

Li, Ren, Shu

Shu

Self-reflection" (shu) is explained by Confucius as a negatively-phrased version of the "Golden Rule": "What you do not desire for yourself, do not do to others."

Chinese New Year

The - - is celebrated at the end of January or the beginning of February. Each year is associated with a particular animal. The - - celebrations' emphasis is on cleansing and renewal to prepare for the -Often, businesses are closed for several days. Houses are cleansed in preparation for feasts and guests. Example: Year of the Dog if you were born in 1946, 1958, 1970, 1982, 1994, 2006, 2018, and 2030

The Analects

The Analects, also known as the Analects of Confucius, the Sayings of Confucius, or the Lun Yu, is an ancient Chinese book composed of a large collection of sayings and ideas. to serve as a text that would provide Confucius's followers with a more detailed understanding of etiquette and proper behavior. "Respect yourself and others will respect you." "Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles." "To be wealthy and honored in an unjust society is a disgrace." "Never give a sword to a man who can't dance." "The noble-minded are calm and steady.

Daodejing (Tao Te Ching)

The book that Laozi was supposed to have written in the sixth century BCE, has become the most influential book in Chinese literature. The title literally means "The Classic of the Dao and Its Power or Virtue." It is a small book it has been translated more times than any other book in the world except the Bible is probably the best known of all Chinese books. The theme is that all human achievements are folly, especially elaborate government.

Early Daoists

The early Daoists taught the art of living and surviving by conforming with the natural way of things; they called their approach to action wuwei (literally, "no-action"), action modeled on nature. Their sages were wise, but not in the way the Confucian teacher was wise>—learned anda moral paragon. Laozi was an early Daoist

Shangdi

The most powerful Chinese god is believed to be Shangdi, the god who controlled victory in battle, harvest, the fate of the capital, and the weather.

Yin and Yang

The symbol Expresses the interconnectivity of everything.Expresses harmony. Yin is Black, Feminine, Soft, Cool, Passive, Water. Yang is White Masculine, Hard, Warm, Aggressive. Stone,

Li

The teachings of Li promoted ideals such as filial piety, brotherliness, righteousness, good faith and loyalty.

Mohists

The third group that sought to influence the government during the fourth and third centuries BCE was the mohists-. The Mohists were deeply committed to the ideal of a harmonious, peaceful social order and to universal concern for the welfare of all the world. They condemned unprovoked military aggression and attempted to dissuade warlike rulers from attacking other states.

Dao

Usually, the word - is defined as "the way," yet the true - is impossible to define. The - is often compared to a stream or a moving body of water as it progresses endlessly and inexorably. For this reason, it behooved people not to struggle against the - but to seek to blend with it and be guided by it.

Xunzi

Xun Kuang, better known as Xunzi, was a Chinese philosopher of Confucianism. Ranked 3rd great Confucian philosopher. Xunzi is known for his belief that ritual is crucial for reforming humanity's original nature. Human nature lacks an innate moral compass, and left to itself falls into contention and disorder, which is why Xunzi characterizes human nature as bad.

Zhuangzi

Zhuang Zhou, commonly known as Zhuangzi, was an influential Chinese philosopher. The Zhuangzi is a compilation of his and others' writings at the pinnacle of the philosophically subtle Classical period in China. The Zhuangzi consists of a large collection of anecdotes, allegories, parables, and fables, which are often humorous or irreverent. Its main themes are of spontaneity in action and of freedom from the human world and its conventions.

Legalists

an advocate or adherent of moral legalism. : one that views things from a legal standpoint. especially : one that places primary emphasis on legal principles or on the formal structure of governmental institutions. Legalism is based on the viewpoint that in order for a ruler to maintain order in society, people must obey a set of strict laws and those in authority (the rulers and government officials). Legalist philosophers thus created a system of punishment and reward for certain behaviors.

Divination/Yijing

divination is the practice of seeking knowledge of the future or the unknown by supernatural means. Yijing is divination manual and a book of wisdom (called the Scripture of Change) that interprets hexagrams (symbols made up of six stacked horizontal lines) formed by tossed coins to form answers to questions about the future.

Ancestor Veneration

fundamental elements of Confucianism. the custom of venerating deceased ancestors who are considered still a part of the family and whose spirits are believed to have the power to intervene in the affairs of the living. Even after the parents' death, the child is obligated to maintain their grave site, to remember them and their deeds, and to offer sacrifices to them.

Ren

the good quality of a virtuous human when being altruistic. Ren is exemplified by a normal adult's protective feelings for children. It is considered the outward expression of Confucian ideals.

Wu Wei

the practice of taking no action that is not in accord with the natural course of the universe. Painting, drawing, and coloring are all great ways to practice Wu Wei

Mencius

was a Chinese Confucian philosopher who has often been described as the "second Sage".(meaning second in importance only to Confucius himself), Mencius is best known for his claim that "human nature is good."