Research Methods Quiz 3

The independent variable can be manipulated as..?

either an independent-groups variable (Between groups) or a Within groups variable

How many conditions are in a 2x2x2 design?

8

Making a comparison between given samples

Between (AKA independent samples) groups design

Comparing two different groups of participants that are exposed to each level of the independent variable. (Different people participate at each level)

Between groups desgin

The main effect of variable B is the general or overall effect of the second dependent variable

False

The total number of participants in each variable goes inside the 2x2 martix

False Means of the conditions

The manipulated variable is Driving performance Rating A researcher is interested in how the type of music someone listens to while driving might affect their driving and if that effect differs between gender. 10 males were randomly assigned to be tested under one of two conditions, soft piano music or loud rock music. 10 females were also randomly assigned to be tested under one of the two music conditions. An instructor sat with each participant in the car as they drove and rated their driving performance on a scale of 1 to 10.

False music type

How could you make the scenario a within groups design? A researcher is interested in how the type of music someone listens to while driving might affect their driving and if that effect differs between gender. 10 males were randomly assigned to be tested under one of two conditions, soft piano music or loud rock music. 10 females were also randomly assigned to be tested under one of the two music conditions. An instructor sat with each participant in the car as they drove and rated their driving performance on a scale of 1 to 10.

If both genders were exposed ALL the levels of the independent variable (both music types, NOT one of the two)

the easiest way to detect interactions is to plot the results on a ___ and see whether the lines are parallel or not

Line graph

Common reason to use a factorial design

To test whether an IV affects different kinds of people, or people in different situations, in the same way To test theories Analyze the results

In a 2x2 factorial design we can have as many dependent variables as we want?

True

In an independent factorial groups design BOTH variables are studied as independent groups.

True

Single N design involves one participant *Long term study*

True

The manipulated variable Type of Music A researcher is interested in how the type of music someone listens to while driving might affect their driving and if that effect differs between gender. 10 males were randomly assigned to be tested under one of two conditions, soft piano music or loud rock music. 10 females were also randomly assigned to be tested under one of the two music conditions. An instructor sat with each participant in the car as they drove and rated their driving performance on a scale of 1 to 10.

True

When a factorial design has 3 or more IV's, the number of interactions increases

True, keeps growing more and more

How many conditions are in a 3x4 design?

12

How many IV's are in a 3x4 design?

2

How many levels in a 2x2x2x2 design?

2 levels for all four IV'S

In an independent variable factorial design, if the design is 2x2= 4 conditions and the researcher decided they want 50 participants in each cell/condition, how many total participants would you need?

200, b/c 2x2= 4 conditions/ 4 different groups C1= 50 participants C2= 50 participants C3= 50 participants C4= 50 participants 50+50+50+50=200

In a 2x2 mixed factorial design, to achieve a goal of 12 observations, you would need ___ participants 2 different groups participating in BOTH levels

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what factorial design would the scenario be, and why? A researcher is interested in how the type of music someone listens to while driving might affect their driving and if that effect differs between gender. 10 males were randomly assigned to be tested under one of two conditions, soft piano music or loud rock music. 10 females were also randomly assigned to be tested under one of the two music conditions. An instructor sat with each participant in the car as they drove and rated their driving performance on a scale of 1 to 10.

2x2 2= gender (male, female) 2= types of music (soft piano music, loud rock music)

How many levels are in each IV 3x4 design?

3 levels in first IV 4 levels in second IV

In A 3-way design, there are ___ main effects (one for each IV), plus 3 __, and __ three-way interaction

3, two-way interations, 1

How many IV's are in a 2x2x2x2 design?

4

How many conditions are in a 2x3 factorial design?

6

Effects of one IV depends on the level of the other IV

AXB Interaction

Difference of a difference

Interaction

Whether the effect of the original independent variable depends on the level of another independent variable

Interaction effect

Participant are grouped together, data from all participants in each group are combined and studied together. Large N or Small N design?

Large N

A simple difference

Main effect

The overall effect of one INDEPENDENT variable on the DEPENDENT variable, averaging over the levels of the other INDEPENDENT variable

Main effect

Name the 3 possible effects for a 2x2 factorial design

Main effect for A Main effect for B AxB Interaction

Name each of the total number of conditions A researcher is interested in how the type of music someone listens to while driving might affect their driving and if that effect differs between gender. 10 males were randomly assigned to be tested under one of two conditions, soft piano music or loud rock music. 10 females were also randomly assigned to be tested under one of the two music conditions. An instructor sat with each participant in the car as they drove and rated their driving performance on a scale of 1 to 10.

Male Soft piano music Male loud rock music Female soft piano music Female loud rock music 4 conditions

In a ___ one independent variable is manipulated as independent-groups, and the other is manipulated as within groups

Mixed factorial design

Why is the experiment a Between groups design? A researcher is interested in how the type of music someone listens to while driving might affect their driving and if that effect differs between gender. 10 males were randomly assigned to be tested under one of two conditions, soft piano music or loud rock music. 10 females were also randomly assigned to be tested under one of the two music conditions. An instructor sat with each participant in the car as they drove and rated their driving performance on a scale of 1 to 10.

Separate groups (male, female) are getting exposed to ONE of the TWO conditions (soft music OR piano music)

____N designs are always Within repeated measure design

Small N

Each participant is treated separately, and almost always repeated measures design. *Long Term* Large N or Small N design?

Small N Design

A variable whose levels are selected not manipulated (not truly an independent variable) age, gender, ethnicity

Subject Variable/participant variable

The general or overall effect of the first INDEPENDENT variable

The main effect of variable A

General / overall effect of the second independent variable

The main effect of variable B

What goes inside of the 2x2 matrix?

The mean of each dependent variable

The same people participate at each level (Same group exposed to ALL levels)

Within design group

What is a different name for Repeated Measures group

Within group

Both independent variables are manipulated as within groups

Within group- factorial designs

Both independent variables are manipulated as within groups

Within groups

In a 2x2 ____ factorial design there is only one group of participants, but they participate in ____ **If a researcher decided to use 12 observation in each cell, you would only need 1 group of 12 participants. **

Within, all 4 combinations/ cells

researchers can add more levels to each independent variable

true

within groups require fewer people

true