Review For Final

business rule

A ________ defines or constrains some aspect of the business. business control business structure business rule business constraint

cardinality constraint

A ________ specifies the number of instances of one entity that can be associated with each instance of another entity. counter constraint cardinality constraint degree limit

the key must indicate the row's position in the table

A candidate key must satisfy all of the following conditions EXCEPT: A) the key must uniquely identify the row. B) the key must indicate the row's position in the table. C) the key must be nonredundant. D) each nonkey attribute is functionally dependent upon it.

functional dependency

A constraint between two attributes is called a(n): A) functional relation. B) attribute dependency. C) functional dependency. D) functional relation constraint

integrity constraints.

A domain definition consists of all of the following components EXCEPT: A) domain name. B) data type. C) integrity constraints. D) size.

terms

A fact is an association between two or more: facts. words. terms. nuggets.

security specifications

A form of database specification which maps conceptual requirements is called: A) logical specifications. B) response specifications. C) security specifications. D) physical specifications

transitive dependency.

A functional dependency between two or more nonkey attributes is called a: A) partial functional dependency. B) partial nonkey dependency. C) transitive dependency. D) partial transitive dependency.

partial functional

A functional dependency in which one or more nonkey attributes are functionally dependent on part, but not all, of the primary key is called a ________ dependency. A) partial key-based B) partial functional C) cross key D) merged relation

who can delete data

A good data definition will describe all of the characteristics of a data object EXCEPT: examples. who can delete the data. who determines the value of the data. subtleties.

an entity instance can participate in only one of several alternative relationships.

A mutually exclusive relationship is one in which: an entity instance bridges other XML documents. an entity instance cannot participate in a relationship with another entity instance. an entity instance can participate in only one of several alternative relationships. an entity instance can participate in many different relationships.

descriptor

A nonkey attribute is also called a(n): A) column. B) unimportant datum. C) descriptor. D) address.

attributes.

A person's name, birthday, and social security number are all examples of: entities. descriptors. relationships. attributes.

Composite Key

A primary key that consists of MORE THAN ONE ATTRIBUTE IS CALLED A: A) foreign key. B) composite key. C) multivalued key. D) cardinal key.

Enterprise Key

A primary key whose value is unique across all relations is called a(n): A) global primary key. B) inter-table primary key. C) enterprise key. D) foreign global key

attribute

A property or characteristic of an entity type that is of interest to the organization is called a(n): coexisting entity. attribute. relationship. cross-function.

well-structured

A relation that contains minimal redundancy and allows easy use is considered to be: A) clean. B) simple. C) complex. D) well-structured

Second

A relation that contains no multivalued attributes and has nonkey attributes solely dependent on the primary key but contains transitive dependencies is in which normal form? A) First B) Second C) Third D) Fourth

unary

A relationship between the instances of a single entity type is called a ________ relationship. ternary primary binary unary

mandatory one

A relationship where the minimum and maximum cardinality are both one is a(n) ________ relationship. optional mandatory link unidirectional mandatory one

referential integrity constraint.

A rule that states that each foreign key value must match a primary key value in the other relation is called the: A) referential integrity constraint. B) key match rule. C) entity key group rule. D) foreign/primary match rule.

ternary

A simultaneous relationship among the instances of three entity types is called a ________ relationship. binary ternary primary tertiary

many-to-many

A student can attend five classes, each with a different professor. Each professor has 30 students. The relationship of students to professors is a ________ relationship. one-to-many many-to-many strong one-to-one

Relation

A two-dimensional table of data sometimes is called a: A) group. B) set. C) declaration. D) relation.

time stamp

A value that indicates the date or time of a data value is called a: time stamp. value stamp. checkpoint. check counter.

identifying relationship

A(n) ________ is the relationship between a weak entity type and its owner. identifying relationship chain link member chain jump path

Maximize Storage Pace

All of the following are the main goals of normalization EXCEPT: A) minimize data redundancy. B) simplify the enforcement of referential integrity. C) maximize storage space. D) make it easier to maintain data

alias.

An alternative name for an attribute is called a(n): A) synonym. B) alias. C) alternate attribute. D) related characteristic

primary key

An attribute (or attributes) that uniquely identifies each row in a relation is called a: A) column. B) foreign field. C) primary key. D) duplicate key.

Foreign Key

An attribute in a relation of a database that serves as the primary key of another relation in the same database is called a: A) link attribute. B) link key. C) foreign key. D) foreign attribute.

required attribute

An attribute of an entity that must have a value for each entity instance is a(n): required attribute. fuzzy attribute. optional attribute. composite attribute.

composite

An attribute that can be broken down into smaller parts is called a(n) ________ attribute. associative complex simple composite

derived

An attribute that can be calculated from related attribute values is called a ________ attribute. simple multivalued derived composite

homonym

An attribute that may have more than one meaning is called a(n): A) homonym. B) alias. C) double defined attribute. D) synonym.

required attribute

An attribute that must have a value for every entity (or relationship) instance is a(n): composite attribute. multivalued attribute. optional attribute. required attribute.

associative entity.

An entity that associates the instances of one or more entity types and contains attributes specific to the relationships is called a(n): build entity. smush entity. associative entity. gateway entity.

as short as possible

An entity type name should be all of the following EXCEPT: concise. as short as possible. a singular noun. specific to the organization.

weak

An entity type whose existence depends on another entity type is called a ________ entity. variant weak strong codependent

managing employees

Business policies and rules govern all of the following EXCEPT: creating data. managing employees. updating data. removing data.

entities.

Customers, cars, and parts are examples of: relationships. attributes. cardinals. entities.

Tables

Data is represented in the form of: A) data trees. B) tables. C) data notes. D) chairs.

data characteristics are important in the design of programs and other systems components

Data modeling may be the most important part of the systems development process because: data characteristics are important in the design of programs and other systems components. data are less stable than processes. it is the easiest. the data in a system are generally less complex than processes and play a central role in development.

True

Data structures include data organized in the form of tables with rows and columns. T / F

Two relations are created. One represents the entity type in the relationship, and the other is an associative relation to represent the M:N relationship. The primary key of the associative relation consists of two attributes which take their value from the primary key of the other relation.

Discuss how to map a unary many-to-many relationship.

The entity type in the unary relationship is mapped to a relation in the same way as we did for a relation. We next add a foreign key attribute, which maps back to the primary key. This is called a recursive foreign key. So, if we had a relation such as a person supervises one or more persons, the person_id would be a primary key and then there would be a supervisor id which points back to the person_id

Discuss how to map a unary one-to-many relationship.

Each regular entity is transformed into a relation. There are a couple of things that need to be done with some special types of attributes. Composite attributes are broken down into their individual components. Multivalued attributes are broken down into separate relations. For example, if there was a multivalued skill attribute, this would become a skill relation. Also, we ignore derived attributes.

Discuss how you would map a regular entity to a relation.

Each relation (or table) has a unique name. An entry at the intersection of each row and column is atomic and each row is unique. Each attribute (or column) within a table has a unique name. The sequence of rows and columns is insignificant

Discuss the properties of relations

There are two possible cases for associative entities. In one case, you can have an identifier assigned. You would then use this as the primary key. The other case is where the identifier is not assigned. In this case, you would use the primary keys from the other two (or more) relations that are related to the associative entity.

Discuss the two possible scenarios when mapping an associative entity

A primary key uniquely identifies each row of a relation (or table). It can be either a single column or a composite of two or more columns, which is called a composite key. A foreign key allows us to represent the relationship between two tables. A foreign key in one table is generally a reference to a primary key in another table

Discuss the various relational keys.

A surrogate key should be created when any of the following conditions hold: there is a composite primary key, the natural primary key is inefficient (such as a long name) or the natural primary key is recycled. When you have an associative entity, it is often best to use a surrogate key when you have more than two relations that the associative entity is related to, since the primary key would be a composite of the primary keys of all entities related to the associative entity.

Discuss when it is best to create a surrogate key for an associative entity

A multivalued attribute is one that can take on more than one value. According to the definition of a relation, there can be no multivalued attributes. The reason for this will be seen later when the schema is normalized. A multivalued attribute can be resolved by creating a separate instance for each value and repeating the data from the non-multivalued attributes

Discuss why it is important to remove multivalued attributes from a relation

A candidate key is an attribute or a combination of attributes that uniquely identifies a row in a relation. A candidate key must be nonredundant and must also uniquely identify each row. When we look at functional dependencies and candidate keys, we can always say that a determinant is always a candidate key.

Explain what a candidate key is and how it might be used

A department can have more than one employee.

For the relationship represented in the figure below, which of the following is true? A department must have at least one employee. A department can have more than one employee. An employee can work in more than one department but does not have to work for any department. An employee has to work for more than one department.

A weak entity becomes a relation. However, since a weak entity instance does not exist by itself, we must create a relation with the primary key from the strong relation as the primary key, as well as the identifying attribute.

How do you convert weak entities to relations?

two

In an E-R diagram, there are/is ________ business rule(s) for every relationship. one zero two three

create table

In the SQL language, the ________ statement is used to make table definitions. A) create session B) create table C) create index D) select

Candidate

In the figure below, Customer_ID in the CUSTOMER Table is which type of key? A) Composite B) Candidate C) Standard D) Grouped

TRUE.

In the figure below, each employee has exactly one manager. Answer : T / F

COMPOSITE

In the figure below, the primary key for "Order Line" is which type of key? A) Composite B) Foreign C) Standard D) Grouped

An associative entity

In the figure below, what is depicted? A) A one-to-one relationship B) A unary relationship C) A one-to-many relationship D) An associative entity

Recursive foreign

In the figure below, what type of key is depicted? A) Primary B) Recursive primary C) Composite D) Recursive foreign

Strong entity/weak entity

In the figure below, what type of relationship do the relations depict? A) Strong entity/weak entity B) Multivalued C) Composite foreign key D) One-to-many

one-to-Many

In the figure below, what type of relationship do the relations depict? A) Strong entity/weak entity B) One-to-many C) Ternary D) Many-to-many

Years_Employed

In the figure below, which attribute is derived? Skill Employee_ID Address Years_Employed

Skill

In the figure below, which attribute is multivalued? Skill Years_Employed Address Employee_ID

Each vendor can supply many parts to any number of warehouses, but need not supply any parts.

In the figure shown below, which of the following business rules would apply? VENDOR is not allowed. Each part must be supplied by exactly one vendor to any number of warehouses. Each warehouse can be supplied with any number of parts from more than one vendor, and each warehouse could be supplied with no parts. Each vendor can supply many parts to any number of warehouses, but need not supply any parts.

A person can marry at most one person.

In the figure shown below, which of the following is true? A person can marry more than one person, but that person can only be married to one person. A person can marry at most one person. A person has to be married. A person can marry more than one person.

Ternary

In the following diagram, what type of relationship is depicted? Ternary Quad Binary Unary

Each employee can supervise one employee, no employees or many employees.

In the following diagram, which answer is true? Each employee was fired. Each employee can manage many departments. Each employee can supervise one employee, no employees or many employees. Each employee works in more than one department.

It depicts a many-to-many relationship.

In the following diagram, which is true? BOM_STRUCTURE represents a row. Item represents a column. It depicts a ternary relationship. It depicts a many-to-many relationship.

Each patient has one or more patient histories

In the following diagram, which of the answers below is true? Each patient has one or more patient histories. Each patient history belongs to many patients. Each patient history belongs to zero and one patient. Each patient has one and only one visit.

A component is always used in only one item.

Referring to the figure below, which of the following is NOT true? A) A component is part of an item. B) A component is always used in only one item. C) A component can be part of an item. D) A component may be used in many items

entity integrity rule

The ________ states that no primary key attribute may be null. A) referential integrity constraint B) entity integrity rule C) partial specialization rule D) range domain rule

determinant.

The attribute on the left-hand side of the arrow in a functional dependency is the: A) candidate key. B) determinant. C) foreign key. D) primary key.

no primary key attribute can be null.

The entity integrity rule states that: A) no primary key attribute can be null. B) referential integrity must be maintained across all entities. C) each entity must have a primary key. D) a primary key must have only one attribute

Ternary

The figure below is an example of mapping which type of relationship? A) First B) Second C) Unary D) Ternary

a composite attribute.

The following figure shows an example of: a relational attribute. a multivalued attribute. a derived attribute. a composite attribute.

a strong entity and its associated weak entity.

The following figure shows an example of: a double-walled relationship. a strong entity and its associated weak entity. a one-to-many relationship. a co-dependent relationship.

entity-relationship model

The logical representation of an organization's data is called a(n): relationship systems design. database entity diagram. database model. entity-relationship model.

strong entities

The most common types of entities are: smush entities. associative entities. weak entities. strong entities.

merge

The need to ________ relations commonly occurs when different views need to be integrated. A) metadata B) system C) drop D) merge

fourth normal form.

The normal form which deals with multivalued dependencies is called: A) fifth normal form. B) fourth normal form. C) Boyce-Codd normal form. D) sixth normal form.

Boyce-Codd normal form.

The normal form which removes any remaining functional dependencies because there was more than one primary key for the same nonkeys is called: A) fifth normal form. B) fourth normal form. C) Boyce-Codd normal form. D) sixth normal form.

one

The number of entity types that participate in a Unary relationship is: zero. one. two. three.

degree

The number of entity types that participate in a relationship is called the: number. identifying characteristic. degree. counter.

derived

The total quiz points for a student for an entire semester is a(n) ________ attribute. stored addressed derived mixed

synonyms

Two or more attributes having different names but the same meaning are called: A) homonyms. B) aliases. C) synonyms. D) alternate attributes.

one must be able to check the output of a CASE tool.

Understanding the steps involved in transforming EER diagrams into relations is important because: A) one must be able to check the output of a CASE tool. B) there are rarely legitimate alternatives from which to choose. C) CASE tools can model any situation. D) CASE tools model hypothetical business problems

create two new relations, one containing the multivalued attribute.

When a regular entity type contains a multivalued attribute, one must: A) create a single relation with multiple lines for each instance of the multivalued attribute. B) create two new relations, one containing the multivalued attribute. C) create two new relations, both containing the multivalued attribute. D) delete the relation and start over.

First normal form

When all multivalued attributes have been removed from a relation, it is said to be in: A) first normal form. B) second normal form. C) Boyce-Codd normal form. D) third normal form

No two rows in a relation are identical.

Which of the following are properties of relations? A) Each attribute has the same name. B) No two rows in a relation are identical. C) There are multivalued attributes in a relation. D) All columns are numeric

Choose an identifier that doesn't have large composite attributes.

Which of the following criteria should be considered when selecting an identifier? Choose a null identifier. Choose an identifier that is not stable. Choose the most complex identifier possible. Choose an identifier that doesn't have large composite attributes.

Inconsistent

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good business rule? Inconsistent Declarative Expressible Atomic

Relates to a technical characteristic of the system

Which of the following is NOT a good characteristic of a data name? Relates to business characteristics Readable Relates to a technical characteristic of the system Repeatable

Strong

Which of the following is an entity that exists independently of other entity types? Strong Variant Weak Codependent

Sam Hinz

Which of the following violates the atomic property of relations? A) Sam B) Hinz C) Sam Hinz D) Atomic

Modification

________ are anomalies that can be caused by editing data in tables. A) Insertion B) Deletion C) Modification D) Creation

Physical

________ database specification indicates all the parameters for data storage that are then input to database implementation. A) Logical B) Physical C) Schematic D) Conceptual

Data integrity

________ is a component of the relational data model included to specify business rules to maintain the integrity of data when they are manipulated. A) Business rule constraint B) Data integrity C) Business integrity D) Data structure

Deletion

________ problems are encountered when removing data with transitive dependencies. A) Insertion B) Modification C) Deletion D) Merging