Review Questions 2821

rural americans

(1) economic factors (rural Americans are more likely to live below the poverty level), (2) cultural and social differences, (3) educational shortcomings, (4) lack of recognition by legislators, and (5) isolation from living in remote rural areas (

levels of prevention 1, 2, 3

(primary prevention), curing or managing disease (secondary prevention), and reducing complications (tertiary prevention). For example, in a tertiary level of care, such as an intensive care unit (ICU), a nurse practices primary prevention by preventing pneumonia through repositioning a patient frequently, secondary prevention by administering antibiotics on time to treat the pneumonia, and tertiary prevention by assessing the patient frequently for signs of antibiotic intolerance.

A nurse is using motivational interviewing with a patient. What outcomes does the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) 1. Gain an understanding of the patient's health goals. 2. Direct the patient to avoid poor health choices. 3. Recognize the patient's strengths and support the patient's efforts. 4. Provide assessment data that can be shared with families to promote change. 5. Identify differences in patient's health outcomes and current behaviors.

1,3,5 Motivational interviewing (MI) is a technique used to promote an understanding of the patient's health goals, health outcomes, and current behaviors in a nonjudgmental environment while focusing on the patient's strengths and efforts. The nurse provides a supportive approach to assist the patient in establishing and promoting positive health care changes.

A patient with a malignant brain tumor requires oral care. The patient's level of consciousness has declined, with the patient only being able to respond to voice commands. Place the following steps in the correct order for administration of oral care. 1. If patient is uncooperative or having difficulty keeping mouth open, insert an oral airway. 2. Raise bed, lower side rail, and position patient close to side of bed with head of bed raised up to 30 degrees. 3. Using a brush moistened with chlorhexidine paste, clean chewing and inner tooth surfaces first. 4. For patients without teeth, use a toothette moistened in chlorhexidine rinse to clean oral cavity. 5. Remove partial plate or dentures if present. 6. Gently brush tongue but avoid stimulating gag reflex.

. 8. Answer: 2, 5, 1, 3, 6, 4

A nurse is caring for a patient with chronic arthritis pain. The patient wants to add some complementary therapies to help with pain management. Which therapies might be most effective for controlling pain? (Select all that apply.) 1. Biofeedback 2. Acupuncture 3. Therapeutic touch 4. Chiropractic therapy 5. Herbal medicines

1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Biofeedback is a mind-body technique that promotes relaxation of muscle tension and, in turn, reduces pain. Acupuncture modifies the body's response to pain and over time can reduce pain. Therapeutic touch is effective in reducing the pain response in patients with chronic illnesses. Chiropractic therapy realigns structure and reduces pain when the pain is the result of structural abnormality, not inflammation. Herbal therapies are often used to prevent disease, promote health, and manage symproms.

The nurse will delegate hygiene care for two patients of different cultures to the assistive personnel (AP). What cultural information does the nurse need to provide to the AP? (Select all that apply.) 1. Specific hygiene products 2. Timing of hygiene care 3. Socioeconomic status 4. The need for gender congruent caregiver 5. Religious practices

1, 2, 4, 5. Cultural beliefs often influence patients' hygiene practices. Some cultural practices encourage specific hygiene products; in some cultures patient's bathe before prayers; often cultures require gender congruent caregiver, and a patient's religious practices may specify certain hygiene practices, especially during religious holidays.

The nurse manager of a community clinic arranges for staff inservices about various complementary therapies available in the community. What is the purpose of this training? (Select all that apply.) 1. Nurses play an essential role in the safe use of complementary therapies. 2. Nurses are often asked for recommendations and strategies that promote well-being and quality of life. 3. Nurses learn how to provide all of the complementary modalities during their basic education. 4. Nurses play an essential role in patient education to provide information about the safe use of these healing strategies. 5. Nurses appreciate the cultural aspects of care and recognize that many of these complementary strategies are part of a patient's life.

1, 2, 4, 5. Nurses do not learn how to provide all of the complementary modalities during their basic education. Nurses play an essential role in the safe use of complementary therapies in our emerging health care system. They have an appreciation for many types of interventions and can understand the patient's need to become more involved in health care decisions and choices. They also understand the patient's desire to take a more active role in healing and health promotion processes. Culturally relevant care that uses a full complement of interventional strategies that are supported with evidence is a central tenet of contemporary nursing practice.

2. Which of the following are examples of a nurse participating in primary care activities? (Select all that apply.) 1. Providing prenatal teaching on nutrition to a pregnant woman during the first trimester 2. Assessing the nutritional status of older adults who come to the community center for lunch 3. Working with patients in a cardiac rehabilitation program 4. Providing home wound care to a patient 5. Teaching a class to parents at the local elementary school about the importance of immunizations

1, 2, 5. Primary care activities are focused on health promotion. Health promotion programs contribute to high-quality health care by helping patients acquire healthier lifestyles. Health promotion activities help keep people healthy through exercise, good nutrition, rest, and adoption of positive health attitudes and practices.

Which of the following are common barriers to effective discharge planning? (Select all that apply.) 1. Ineffective communication among providers 2. Lack of role clarity among health care team members 3. Number of hospital beds to manage patient volume 4. Patients' long-term disabilities 5. The patient's cultural background

1, 2. Barriers to effective discharge planning include ineffective communication, lack of role clarity among health care team members, and lack of resources. Resources include rehabilitation and long-term care beds, not hospital beds. The presence of long-term disability is not a barrier but a characteristic of some patients who need greater discharge planning. A patient's cultural background is not a barrier unless you do not consider cultural factors in planning for discharge.

Which cognitive skills can a patient develop while practicing relaxation? (Select all that apply.) 1. Increasing an ability to focus attention for an extended period of time 2. Limiting stimuli that come into one's field of vision 3. Stopping a focus on unnecessary goal-directed activity 4. Being able to tolerate experiences that are uncertain 5. Building relationships with significant others

1, 3, 4. Relaxation helps individuals develop cognitive skills to reduce the negative ways in which they respond to situations within their environment. Patients cannot limit stimuli that present in their field of vision, but through relaxation exercises they learn how not to react to these stimuli. While building relationships with significant others is important, this skill is not developed while practicing relaxation.

The American Dental Association suggests that patients who are at risk for poor hygiene use the following interventions for oral care: (Select all that apply.) 1. Use fluoride toothpaste. 2. Brush teeth 4 times a day 3. Use 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) oral rinses for high-risk patients. 4. Use a soft toothbrush for oral care. 5. Avoid cleaning the gums and tongue

1, 3, 4. The American Dental Association guidelines (2020) for effective oral hygiene include brushing the teeth at least twice a day with an American Dental Association-approved fluoride toothpaste. Use antimicrobial toothpastes and 0.12% CHG oral rinses for patients at increased risk for poor oral hygiene (e.g., older adults and patients with cognitive impairments and who are immunocompromised). Rounded soft bristles stimulate the gums without causing abrasion and bleeding. Patients should clean the gums and the surface of the tongue

Which of the following describe characteristics of an integrated health care system? (Select all that apply.) 1. The focus is holistic. 2. Participating hospitals follow the same model of health care delivery. 3. The system coordinates a continuum of services. 4. The focus of health care providers is finding a cure for patients. 5. Members of the health care team link electronically to use the EHR to share the patient's health care record.

1, 3, 5. Integrated health care systems are shifting to more holistic approaches to health care. At the core of this shift is provision of a coordinated continuum of services for enhancing the health status of defined populations. There is no single model for an integrated health care system. Two types of integrated health care delivery systems are common: an organizational structure that follows economic imperatives, and a system that supports an organized care delivery approach. Patient-centered medical home care is an example; members of the care team are linked by information technology, electronic health records, and system-best practices to ensure that patients receive care when and where they need it, and how they want it. 7. Answer: 2, 3, 5. Social determinant

When working with an older adult who is hearing-impaired, the use of which techniques would improve communication? 1. Check for needed adaptive equipment. 2. Exaggerate lip movements to help the patient lip-read. 3. Give the patient time to respond to questions. 4. Keep communication short and to the point. 5. Communicate only through written information

1,3,4 Communication techniques such as assessing the need for adaptive equipment, keeping communication short and direct, and giving the patient time to respond assist the nurse in providing clear, effective communication. Patients may have difficulty with rapid or lengthy explanations. Exaggerated lip movements may be difficult to interpret or demeaning to individuals with hearing deficits

What is the proper position to use for an unresponsive patient during oral care to prevent aspiration? (Select all that apply.) 1. Prone position 2. Modified left lateral recumbent position 3. Semi-Fowler's position with head to side 4. Trendelenburg position 5. Supine position

1. Prone position 2. Modified left lateral recumbent position 3. Semi-Fowler's position with head to side 4. Trendelenburg position 5. Supine position

A nurse is providing restorative care to a patient following an extended hospitalization for an acute illness. Which of the following is the most appropriate outcome for this patient's restorative care? 1. Patient will be able to walk 200 feet without shortness of breath. 2. Wound will heal without signs of infection. 3. Patient will express concerns related to return to home. 4. Patient will identify strategies to improve sleep habits.

1. Restorative interventions focus on returning patients to their previous level of function or helping them to reach a new level of function limited by their illness or disability. The goal of restorative care is to help individuals regain maximal functional status and to enhance quality of life through promotion of independence

Which of the following statements best explains therapeutic touch (TT)? 1. Intentionally mobilizes energy to balance, harmonize, and repattern the recipient's biofield 2. Intentionally heals tissue damage or corrects certain disease symptoms 3. Is overwhelmingly effective in many conditions 4. Is completely safe and does not warrant any special precautions

1. TT is focused on healing the whole person and providing energy to the body that supports innate healing responses. The research literature is questionable; systematic analyses claim that the research designs are too weak for any conclusive evidence to be identified with confidence. Although TT is relatively safe and there have been very few negative events associated with its use, all therapies (complementary or conventional) should be used with caution in certain populations.

A patient states, "I don't have confidence in my doctor. She looks so young." What is the nurse's therapeutic response? 1. Tell me more about your concern. 2. You have nothing to worry about. Your doctor is perfectly competent. 3. You can go online and see how others have rated your doctor. I do that. 4. You should ask your doctor to tell you her background.

1. The nurse should respond with a question to elicit more information about the area of concern. Telling the patient to look up the physician online or advising the patient to query the physician directly are ways that the nurse unhelpfully gives advice to the patient.

Which techniques demonstrate a therapeutic response to an adult patient who is anxious? (Select all that apply.) 1. Matching the rate of speech to be the same as that of the patient 2. Providing good eye contact 3. Demonstrating a calm presence 4. Spending time attentively with the patient 5. Assuring the patient that all will be well

2, 3, 4. An adult patient who is anxious is reassured by the nurse who demonstrates good eye contact and a calm presence. Also, when the adult is anxious, remaining supportively present and calm helps the patient to begin to experience less anxiety. Telling the patient that all will be well is false reassurance, and the nurse may escalate the patient's anxiety if the nurse's speech is speeded up to match the patient's speech.

A nurse newly hired at a community hospital learns about intentional hourly rounding during orientation. Which of the following are known evidence-based outcomes from intentional rounding? (Select all that apply.) 1. Reduction in nurse staffing requirements 2. Improved patient satisfaction 3. Reduction in patient falls 4. Increased costs 5. Reduction in patient use of nurse call system

2, 3, 5. Intentional rounding is an evidence-based practice used in an increasing number of hospitals today. Studies have shown that intentional rounding can reduce patient falls and call light use and improve patient satisfaction scores. Proactive problem solving can occur when using intentional rounding. Education for patients helps them understand the importance of this practice.

The school nurse has been following a 9-year-old student who has shown behavioral problems in class. The student acts out and does not follow teacher instructions. The nurse plans to meet with the student's family to learn more about social determinants of health that might be affecting the student. Which of the following potential social determinants should the nurse assess? (Select all that apply.) 1. The student's seating placement in the classroom 2. The level of support parents offer when the student completes homework 3. The level of violence in the family's neighborhood 4. The age at which the child first began having behavioral problems.5. The cultural values about education held by the family

2, 3, 5. Social determinants include social support, exposure to crime and violence, and culture. The nurse should learn the child's age at which behavioral problems appeared, but this is not a social determinant. Seating placement is not a social determinant but could be a factor if the child has visual or other physical problems.

A nurse is caring for a patient experiencing a stress response. The nurse plans care with the knowledge that systems respond to stress in what manner? (Select all that apply.) 1. Always fail and cause illness and disease 2. Protect an individual from harm in the short term 3. React the same way for all individuals 4. Cause negative responses over time 5. Tolerate the stress response indefinitely

2, 4. In the beginning stress responses serve as a warning and physiological "alarm" of sorts, preparing the person to protect from and respond to harm. In this way they can be a protective mechanism. However, stress that continues unmitigated for long periods of time creates states of "exhaustion" that translate ultimately into negative physiological and psychological events.

Which activity performed by a nurse is related to maintaining competency in nursing practice?1. Asking another nurse about how to change the settings on a medication pump 2. Regularly attending unit staff meetings 3. Participating as a member of the professional nursing council 4. Attending a review course in preparation for a certification examination

4. Maintaining ongoing competency is a nurse's responsibility. Earning certification in a specialty area is one mechanism that demonstrates competency. Specialty certification has been shown to be positively related to patient safety

The nurse delegates to the assistive personnel hygiene care for an alert older adult patient who had a stroke. Which intervention(s) would be appropriate for the assistive personnel to accomplish during the bath? (Select all that apply.) 1. Checking distal pulses 2. Providing range-of-motion (ROM) exercises to extremities 3. Determining type of treatment for Stage 1 pressure injury 4. Changing the dressing over an intravenous site 5. Providing special skin care as indicated by nurse

2, 5. Providing ROM exercises may be delegated to assistive personnel. The nursing assistive personal can also give special skin care as instructed by the nurse. Checking distal pulses, determining the type of treatment for stage 1 pressure injury, and changing a dressing over an intravenous site all require a nurse's assessment and clinical decision making and should not be delegated to assistive personnel.

A patient has gone through a number of treatment changes during a shift of care. During the hand-off report, the nurse plans to communicate effectively with the nurse who will be caring next for the patient for which of the following reasons? (Select all that apply.) To improve the nurse's status with the health team members 2. To reduce the risk of errors to the patient 3. To provide an optimum level of patient care 4. To improve patient outcomes 5. To prevent issues that need to be reported to outside agencies

2,3,4 Effective communication in health care has been linked to a decrease in medical errors and an improvement in quality of care and patient outcomes. The status of the nurse or the prevention of reportable issues is not the focus of communication with patients

Which statement most accurately describes intervention(s) offered by TCM providers? 1. Uses acupuncture as its primary intervention modality 2. Uses many modalities based on the individual's needs 3. Uses primarily herbal remedies and exercise 4. Is the equivalent of medical acupuncture

2. TCM practitioners use a variety of interventions that are based on individual patient assessment findings and needs. Modalities include herbal therapies, acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping, prescribed exercise such as tai chi or qi gong, and lifestyle changes. Although acupuncture is often confused with TCM, when it is used alone, acupuncture is not a whole system of medicine. Rather, the National Institutes of Health/National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine considers it to be a mind-body technique that is often referred to as medical acupuncture. Although herbal therapies and exercise are considered to be part of the treatment repertoire of the TCM provider, these modalities are not considered to be primary interventions.

Which of the following factors directly impairs salivary gland secretion? (Select all that apply.) 1. Use of cough drops 2. Immunosuppression 3. Radiation therapy 4. Dehydration 5. Presence of oral airway

3, 4. Radiation therapy reduces salivary flow. Dehydration impairs salivary secretion in the mouth. Cough drops increase sugar or acid content in the mouth, causing caries. Immunosuppression causes inflammation and bleeding of the gums. An oral airway irritates oral mucosa.

Which complementary therapies are most easily learned and applied by a nurse? (Select all that apply.) 1. Therapeutic massage therapy 2. Traditional Chinese medicine 3. Progressive relaxation 4. Breathwork and guided imagery 5. Therapeutic touch

3, 4. These are nurse-accessible complementary therapies. A simple backrub can be administered by nurses; however, a therapeutic massage is performed by a therapist who is licensed by local governmental agencies, and additional educational preparation is required to practice. Traditional Chinese medicine practitioners also attend training/educational programs, typically accredited by the Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.

While planning care for a patient, a nurse understands that providing integrative care includes treating which of the following? 1. Disease, spirit, and family interactions 2. Desires and emotions of the patient 3. Mind-body-spirit of patients and their families 4. Muscles, nerves, and spine disorders

3. Mind-body spirit is the focus of holistic nursing.

While planning morning care, which of the following patients would have the highest priority to receive a bath first? 1. A patient who just returned to the nursing unit from a diagnostic test 2. A patient with a fever who just finished a dose of intravenous antibiotics. 3. A patient who is experiencing frequent incontinent diarrheal stools and urine 4. A patient who has been awake all night because of pain 8/10

3. Urine and fecal material contain substances that can injure a patient's skin and increase the risk for pressure injury and skin damage. Prompt and frequent perineal hygiene is a priority in incontinent patients.

The nurse applying effective communication skills throughout the nursing process should: (Place the following interventions in the correct order.) 1. Validate health care needs through verbal discussion with the patient. 2. Compare actual and expected patient care outcomes with the patient. 3. Provide support through therapeutic communication techniques. 4. Complete a nursing history using verbal communication techniques.

4, 1, 3, 2. The correct order for the nurse to communicate with the patient is to first complete the history (part of assessment), then corroborate findings through a validation process. After this, the nurse would use therapeutic communication to address needs, and finally would complete an evaluation process to see whether the actual outcomes matched the expected outcome.

When planning patient education, it is important to remember that patients with which of the following illnesses may find relief in complementary therapies? 1. Lupus and diabetes mellitus 2. Ulcers and hepatitis 3. Heart disease and pancreatitis 4. Chronic back pain and arthritis

4. Evidence supports the use of many complementary therapies for chronic pain syndromes, particularly pain that is unremitting and unresponsive to conventional allopathic therapies. 2. Answer: 3, 4. These are nurse-accessible complementary therapies

Which of the following statements is true regarding Magnet® status recognition for a hospital? 1. Nursing is run by a Magnet® manager who makes decisions for the nursing units. 2. Nurses in Magnet® hospitals make all of the decisions on the clinical units. 3. Magnet® is a term that is used to describe hospitals that are able to hire the nurses they need. 4. Magnet® is a special designation for hospitals that achieve excellence in nursing practice.

4. Magnet® status is a process and review that hospitals go through that shows achievement of excellence in nursing practice. The designation is given by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) and focuses on demonstration of high-quality patient care, nursing excellence, and innovations in professional practice

A nurse is assigned to care for the following patients. Which patient is most at risk for developing skin problems that will require thorough bathing and skin care? 1. A 44-year-old female patient who has had removal of a breast lesion and is in pain and unwilling to ambulate postoperatively. 2. A 56-year-old male patient who is homeless and admitted to the emergency department with malnutrition and dehydration. 3. A 60-year-old female patient who experienced a stroke with right sided paralysis and has an orthopedic brace applied to the left leg 4. A 70-year-old patient who has diabetes and dementia and has been incontinent of urine and stool

4. The 70-year-old patient has reduced circulation, which decreases sensation, and he may be unaware of any pressure or skin irritation. In addition, because he has dementia, he may not perceive any skin irritation. These factors and the presence of urine and fecal material on his skin increase his risk for skin problems. The 44-year-old female patient needs an analgesic prior to ambulation. The 56-year-old patient is at risk for dry, fragile skin. The 60-year-old patient has reduced sensation and mobility and thus is unaware of skin problems or pressure areas.

The nurse is working in a tertiary care setting. Which activity does the nurse perform while providing tertiary care? 1. Conducting blood pressure screenings at a local food bank 2. Administering influenza vaccines for older adults at the local senior center 3. Inserting an indwelling catheter for a patient on a medical surgical unit 4. Performing endotracheal suctioning for a patient on a ventilator in the medical ICU

4. The suctioning of the patient takes place in the critical care unit. Critical care units provide tertiary care. Tertiary care is specialized consultant care. It is also called acute care. Care at a tertiary facility is often expensive because patients have often waited to seek care until health problems are more severe. Inpatient medical-surgical units provide secondary care. Blood pressure screening and influenza vaccines are preventive care strategies

A nurse prepares to contact a patient's health care provider about a change in the patient's condition. Put the following statements in the correct order using SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation) communication. 1. "She is a 53-year-old woman who was admitted 2 days ago with pneumonia and was started on levofloxacin at 5 p.m. yesterday. She states she has a poor appetite; her weight has remained stable over the past 2 days." 2. "The patient reported feeling very nauseated after her dose of levofloxacin an hour ago." 3. "Is it possible to make a change in antibiotics, or could we give her a nutritional supplement before her medication?" 4. "The patient started to complain of nausea yesterday evening and vomited several times during the night.

4S, 1B, 2A, 3R. The nurse describes the patient's complaint of nausea and vomiting to the physician (Situation). Specific patient demographic information and reason for admission with current symptomology are provided (Background). The physician is informed of the patient's complaint of nausea after receiving levofloxacin (Assessment). The physician is asked about making a change in the antibiotic or providing a nutritional supplement before medication administration (Recommendation)

When the nurse is assigned to a patient who has a reduced level of consciousness and requires mouth care, which physical assessment techniques should the nurse perform before the procedure? (Select all that apply.) 1. Oxygen saturation 2. Heart rate 3. Respirations 4. Gag reflex 5. Response to painful stimulus

: 1, 3, 4. Check a patient's respirations and oxygen saturation (optional) and whether there is a gag reflex present to determine risk for aspiration and to establish a baseline for the patient's condition.

Meditation may intensify the effects of which of these medications? (Select all that apply.) 1. Steroid medications 2. Insulin 3. Thyroid-regulating medications 4. Cough syrups 5. Antihypertensive medications

: 3, 5. Mind-body techniques, including meditation, create physiological responses in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. These responses may include decreased blood pressure, reduced heart rate, and slowed respirations. They can decrease the need for antihypertensive and other cardiac regulators and thyroidregulating medications.

1. You are caring for a patient in an intensive care unit (ICU) who has pulled out his own IV line. You have tried restraint alternatives. Which of the following would you assess to determine appropriateness or reason to physically restrain the patient? (Select all that apply.) 1. Health care provider's order 2. Patient's current behavior 3. Current medications 4. Health literacy 5. Presence of fever 6. Serum electrolytes 7. Age

Answer: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6. A health care provider's order is required and contains time limits for restraints. A patient's behavior can change rapidly. But if current behavior reflects confusion, disorientation, agi- tation, restlessness, combativeness, or inability to follow directions, physical restraints may be appropriate to prevent further removal of the patient's IV line. Current medications, if they affect cognition, should be considered. A change in medications might prevent restraint application. Presence of fever or electrolyte level can reflect metabolic problems that cause confusion or changes in consciousness. Health literacy and age are not factors for indication of physical restraints.

1. A patient who has been placed on Contact Precautions for Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) asks you to explain what he should know about this organism. Which statements made by the patient show an understanding of the patient teaching? (Select all that apply.) 1. "The organism is usually transmitted through the fecal-oral route." 2. "Hands should always be cleaned with soap and water rather than the alcohol-based hand sanitizer." 3. "Everyone coming into the room must wear a gown and gloves." 4. "While I am in Contact Precautions, I cannot leave the room." 5. "C. difficile dies quickly once outside the body."

Answer: 1, 2, 3. Clostridium difficile is transmitted through the oral- fecal route and spread through contact with contaminated feces or surfaces touched by hands not appropriately cleaned after pro- viding care to a patient infected with C. difficile. The organism develops a hard spore, which can live for long periods on surfaces, making it extremely hard to eradicate. If a patient with C. difficile is continent of stool and first cleans hands and changes gown, the patient may leave the room.

5. The infection control nurse has asked the staff to work on reducing the number of iatrogenic infections on the unit. Which of the following actions on the nurses' part would contribute to reducing health care-acquired infections? (Select all that apply.) 1. Teaching correct handwashing to assigned patients 2. Using correct procedures in starting and caring for an intravenous infusion 3. Providing perineal care to a patient with an indwelling urinary catheter 4. Isolating a patient on antibiotics who has been having loose stool for 24 hours 5. Decreasing a patient's environmental stimuli to decrease nausea

Answer: 1, 2, 3. Nausea is not typically associated with transmission of infection, and loose stools are a common side effect with antimi- crobials. All the other interventions break the cycle of infection transmission.

4. When assessing an older woman who is recently widowed, the nurse suspects that the woman is experiencing a developmental crisis. Which questions provide information about the impact of this crisis? (Select all that apply.) 1. With whom do you talk on a routine basis? 2. What do you do when you feel lonely? 3. Tell me what your husband was like. 4. I know this must be hard for you. Let me tell you what might help. 5. Have you experienced any changes in lifestyle habits, such as sleeping, eating, smoking, or drinking?

Answer: 1, 2, 5. A developmental crisis occurs as a person moves through the stages of life, including widowhood. It is important to gather information about how this crisis affects the woman's inter- actions, how she is currently coping with loneliness, and any changes in her lifestyle habits. Although losing her husband is a source of stress, discussing him now does not focus on her current situation. The comments of "I know this must be hard for you. Let me tell you what might help" are unacceptable because the purpose of assessment is to gather data and let patients tell their story.

4. Which type of personal protective equipment should the nurse wear when caring for a pediatric patient who is placed on Airborne Precautions for confirmed chickenpox/herpes zoster? (Select all that apply.) 1. Disposable gown 2. N95 respirator mask 3. Face shield or goggles 4. Disposable mask 5. Gloves

Answer: 1, 2, 5. Chickenpox is an airborne organism that can travel great distances, so it is important that the air breathed by the nurse is filtered and that hands and clothes are covered, as required for Airborne Precautions.

6. Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrate the practice of core principles of surgical asepsis? (Select all that apply.) 1. The front and sides of the sterile gown are considered sterile from the waist up. 2. Keep the sterile field in view at all times. 3. Consider the outer 2.5 cm (1 inch) of the sterile field as contaminated. 4. Only health care personnel within the sterile field must wear personal protective equipment. 5. After cleansing the hands with antiseptic rub, apply clean disposable gloves.

Answer: 2, 3. Maintaining sterility throughout the procedure requires constant vigilance and strict rules to ensure sterility, such as keeping the sterile field in sight at all times, making sure every- one in the room is in protective clothing such as gowns, masks, eyewear, and gloves, and considering anything beyond the front or below the waist of the gown to be contaminated. To make sure the sides of the sterile field are not contaminated, there is an outer 1-inch border not considered sterile. Surgical asepsis requires the application of sterile (not clean) gloves.

10. A crisis intervention nurse is working with a mother whose child with Down syndrome is hospitalized with pneumonia and who has lost her child's disability payment while the child is hospitalized. The mother worries that her daughter will fall behind in her classes during hospitalization. Which strategies are effective in helping this mother cope with these stressors? (Select all that apply.) 1. Referral to social service process reestablishing the child's disability payment 2. Sending the child home in 72 hours and having the child return to school 3. Coordinating hospital-based and home-based schooling with the child's teacher 4. Teaching the mother signs and symptoms of a respiratory tract infection 5. Telling the mother that the stress will decrease in 6 weeks when everything is back to normal

Answer: 1, 3, 4. The stressors for this parent are her child's illness, missing school, and loss of disability payments. Obtaining resources to resolve these stressors will reduce the mother's stress load and allow her to focus on helping her child improve and on preventing another respiratory tract infection. Discharging the child in 72 hours with a return to school may not be best for the child's physical condi- tion and may make the situation worse. Giving the mother a 6-week time frame is unrealistic because everyone's time frame is different. The mother may also need to adjust.

Which strategies should a nurse use to facilitate a safe transition of care during a patient's transfer from the hospital to a skilled nursing facility? (Select all that apply.) 1. Collaboration between staff members from sending and receiving departments 2. Requiring that the patient visit the facility before a transfer is arranged 3. Using a standardized transfer policy and transfer tool 4. Arranging all patient transfers during the same time each day 5. Relying on family members to share information with the new facility

Answer: 1, 3. Providing a standardized process, policy, and tool can assist in a predictable, safe transfer of important patient information between health care facilities. Communication and collaboration between the sender and receiver of information enable the staff to validate that the information was received and understood. Requiring a patient visit is not always necessary, and relying on family members to share information does not release staff from their responsibilities. Doing patient transfers on the same day and time has no effect on creating a safe patient transfer.

2. A patient who is having difficulty managing his diabetes mellitus responds to the news that his hemoglobin A1c, a measure of blood sugar control over the past 90 days, has increased by saying, "The hemoglobin A1c is wrong. My blood sugar levels have been excellent for the last 6 months." Which defense mechanism is the patient using? 1. Denial 2. Conversion 3. Dissociation 4. Displacement

Answer: 1. Denial is avoiding emotional stress by refusing to con- sciously acknowledge anything that causes intolerable anxiety. This patient's statements reflect denial about poorly controlled blood sugars.

Match the patient fall risks on the left with the correct risk factor category on the right. ___1. A 42-year-old patient who is recovering from anesthesia refuses assistance with walking to the bathroom. ___2. A 60-year-old patient with a history of falling in the last 6 months. ___3. A patient's walking path has spilled fruit juice on the floor. ___4. A 68-year-old patient recovering from a colon resection uses an IV pole to walk. ___5. Patient is unable to identify own fall risks. ___6. The physical therapist has not yet fitted a 62-year-old patient for a prescribed walker. A. Intrinsic risk B. Extrinsic risk

Answer: 1A, 2A, 3B, 4B, 5A, 6B. The risk factors for falls include two categories: patient related (intrinsic) and hospital environ- ment and working process related (extrinsic). The intrinsic factors are predisposing factors, whereas extrinsic factors increase the susceptibility of an individual to fall.

10. Match the fall prevention intervention on the left with the scientific rationale on the right. ___1. Prioritize nurse call system responses to patients at high risk. ___2. Place patient in a wheelchair with wedge cushion. ___3. Establish elimination schedule with bedside commode. ___4. Use a low bed for patient. ___5. Provide a hip protector. ___6. Place nonskid floor mat on floor next to bed. A. Maintains comfort and makes exit difficult B. Makes it difficult for patients with lower extremity weakness to stand C. Reduces slipping when walking D. Reduces fall impact E. Ensures rapid response for help F. Reduces chance of patient trying to get out of bed on own

Answer: 1E, 2A, 3F, 4B, 5D, 6C.

5. The nurse plans care for a 16-year-old male, taking into consideration that stressors experienced most by adolescents include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) 1. Loss of autonomy caused by health problems 2. Physical appearance and body image 3. Accepting one's personal identity 4. Separation from family 5. Taking tests in school

Answer: 2, 3, 4, 5. As adolescents search for identity with peer groups and separate from their families, they also experience stress. In addition, they face stressful questions about sex, jobs, school, career choices, and using mind-altering substances. During this stage of development, stress can occur because of a preoccupation with appearance and body image. A loss of autonomy caused by health problems usually applies to older adult.

2. You complete a fall risk assessment on your assigned patient, who is 45 years old and has a history of cocaine use and liver failure. His laboratory results show an elevated prothrombin time. You determine that the patient is at high risk for falling. Which of the following measures are targeted to his fall risk status? (Select all that apply.) 1. Using skid-proof footwear 2. Scheduling any oral medications at least 2 hours before bedtime 3. Placing a low bed in room 4. Placing the nurse call system within patient's reach 5. Using a bed exit alarm 6. Providing patient with a protective head helmet when in chair or walking

Answer: 2, 3, 5, 6. Use of skid-proof footwear and placement of nurse call light are basic Universal Fall Precautions for all patients. A patient at high risk may benefit from scheduling oral medications 2 hours before bedtime, providing the patient a low bed, using a bed exit alarm, and offering the patient a protective head helmet. This particular patient has a risk of bleeding following injury.

A nurse works with a patient using therapeutic communication during all phases of the therapeutic relationship. Place the nurse's statements in order according to these phases. 1. The nurse states, "Let's work on learning injection techniques." 2. The nurse is mindful of biases and knowledge in working with the patient with B12 deficiency. 3. The nurse summarizes progress made during the nursing relationship. 4. After providing introductions, the nurse defines the scope and purpose of the nurse-patient relationship.

Answer: 2, 4, 1, 3. In the therapeutic relationship the nurse begins by understanding the self (preinteraction), then provides introductions, followed by a working phase and finally termination and summarization.

6. A 10-year-old girl was playing on a slide at a playground during a summer camp. She fell and broke her arm. The camp notified the parents and took the child to the emergency department according to the camp protocol for injuries. The parents arrive at the emergency department and are stressed and frantic. The 10-year-old is happy in the treatment room, eating a Popsicle and picking out the color of her cast. List in order of priority what the nurse should say to the parents. 1. "Can I contact someone to help you?" 2. "Your daughter is happy in the treatment room, eating a Popsicle and picking out the color of her cast." 3. "I'll have the doctor come out and talk to you as soon as possible." 4. "I want to be sure you are OK. Let's talk about what your concerns are about your daughter before we go see her."

Answer: 2, 4, 3, 1. First and most important, the parents need to know the immediate status of their daughter. Letting them know the situation will help to relieve their immediate stress. Second, helping the parents discuss their concerns will reduce their stress and allow them to see their daughter without increasing the 10-year-old's anxiety. Let the parents know that you recognize their need to talk to the doctor as soon as possible and that you will act as their advocate to get that accomplished. Last, but also important, you want to ask whether there is anyone you can call to help. There may be other children who need to be picked up from camp or day care, for example, and a neighbor or grand- parent may be able to assist.

The student nurse is teaching a family member the importance of foot care for their mother, who has diabetes mellitus. Which safety precautions are important for the family member to know to prevent infection? (Select all that apply.)1. Cut nails frequently. 2. Assess skin for redness, abrasions, and open areas daily. 3. Soak feet in water at least 10 minutes before nail care. 4. Apply lotion to feet daily. 5. Clean between toes after bathing.

Answer: 2, 4, 5. Because of a patient's risk for infection, it is important to assess skin for redness, abrasions, and open areas daily. Apply lotion to feet daily to keep the skin hydrated, but do not leave excess lotion on the skin. Clean between toes carefully after bathing to avoid maceration. Do not cut nails or soak the feet of a patient with diabetes mellitus without a health care provider's order because this may create skin breakdown and open sores, leading to skin breakdown or infection.

3. During a home health visit a nurse observes a patient preparing lunch. Which of the following are safe practices to follow in the safe preparation and storage of food? (Select all that apply.) 1. Always use a single cutting board to prepare foods for cooking. 2. Refrigerate leftovers as soon as possible. 3. Always buy vegetables in packages marked "prewashed." 4. Cook meats to the proper temperature. 5. Wash hands thoroughly before food preparation.

Answer: 2, 4, 5. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends washing hands thoroughly before food prepara- tion, and washing cooking surfaces often. Keep raw meat, poultry, seafood, and their juices away from other foods, and use separate cutting boards for each. Rinse fruits and vegetables thoroughly, and always cook food to the proper temperature. Refrigerate leftovers promptly. A single cutting board can cause cross-contamination. Even if packages show that vegetables have been prewashed, thoroughly wash them after opening a package.

2. A patient is diagnosed with meningitis. Which type of isolation precaution is most appropriate for this patient? 1. Reverse isolation 2. Droplet Precautions 3. Standard Precautions 4. Contact Precautions

Answer: 2. Because the patient is diagnosed with meningitis, which can be spread when the patient coughs or sneezes, Droplet Precautions are most appropriate.

9. Place the following steps for applying a wrist restraint in the correct order: 1. Pad the skin overlying the wrist. 2. Insert two fingers under the secured restraint to be sure that it is not too tight. 3. Be sure that the patient is comfortable and in correct anatomical alignment. 4. Secure restraint straps to bedframe with quick-release buckle. 5. Wrap limb restraint around wrist or ankle with soft part toward skin and secure snugly.

Answer: 3, 1, 5, 2, 4.

4. A nurse enters the hospital room of a patient who had a total knee replacement the day before and is sitting in a chair. The nurse is preparing to return the patient to bed. Which of the following pose potential safety risks? (Select all that apply.) 1. A current safety inspection sticker is on the IV fluid pump. 2. A walker is positioned near the patient's bedside. 3. The hospital bed is in the high position. 4. There is no gait belt at the bedside. 5. The overbed table with the patient's glasses is positioned against the wall opposite the end of the bed.

Answer: 3, 4, 5. All electrical equipment should be inspected rou- tinely and have current safety inspection stickers. The patient has had knee surgery, so the presence of a walker is needed for him to ambulate. Safety risks include the absence of a gait belt; one should always be available for a patient who will need assistance in ambu- lation. The bed position is incorrect; it should be in low position. The position of the bedside table does not allow the patient to reach personal or care items easily.

The nurse is interviewing a patient in the community clinic and gathers the following information about her: She is intermittently homeless and is a single parent with two children who have developmental delays. She has had asthma since she was a teenager. She does not laugh or smile, does not volunteer any information, and at times appears close to tears. She has no support system and does not work. She is experiencing an allostatic load. As a result, which of the following would be present during a complete patient assessment? (Select all that apply.) 1. Posttraumatic stress disorder 2. Rising hormone levels 3. Chronic illness 4. Insomnia 5. Depression

Answer: 3, 4, 5. An increased allopathic load can result in long-term physiological and psychological problems, such as chronic illness, depression, sleep deprivation, chronic fatigue syndrome, and auto- immune disorders. Posttraumatic stress disorder results from a single traumatic event. Hormone levels rise in the alarm stage.

The nurse finds a 68-year-old woman wandering in the hallway and exhibiting confusion. The patient says she is looking for the bathroom. Which interventions are appropriate for this patient? (Select all that apply.) 1. Ask the health care provider to order a restraint. 2. Recommend insertion of a urinary catheter. 3. Provide scheduled toileting rounds every 2 to 3 hours. 4. Institute a routine exercise program for the patient. 5. Keep the bed in high position with side rails down. 6. Keep the pathway from the bed to the bathroom clear.

Answer: 3, 4, 6. There are no appropriate conditions for this patient to be restrained. Patients who repeatedly wander may require the temporary use of restraints to keep them safe. However, the use of alternatives to restraints is preferred, and if a restraint is required, use the least restrictive. A urinary catheter is not inserted to avoid having a patient use the bathroom. The patient should have a low bed so that if the patient falls, the risk of injury may be lessened.

9. The nurse is evaluating how well a patient newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis and psychomotor impairment is coping. Which statements indicate that the patient is beginning to cope with the diagnosis? (Select all that apply.) 1. "I'm going to learn to drive a car, so I can be more independent." 2. "My sister says she feels better when she goes shopping, so I'll go shopping." 3. "I'm going to let the occupational therapist assess my home to improve efficiency." 4. "I've always felt better when I go for a long walk. I'll do that when I get home." 5. "I'm going to attend a support group to learn more about multiple sclerosis."

Answer: 3, 5. Inviting the occupational therapist into the patient's home and attending support groups are early indicators that the patient is recognizing some of the challenges of the disease and participating in positive realistic activities to cope with the stressors related to changes in physical functioning. The other options relate to independence and other coping strategies but do not address coping with the specific challenges of the disease.

3. A patient is placed on Airborne Precautions for pulmonary tuberculosis. The nurse notes that the patient seems to be angry, but the nurse recognizes that this is a normal response to isolation. Which is the nurse's best intervention? 1. Provide a dark, quiet room to calm the patient. 2. Reduce the level of precautions to keep the patient from becoming angry. 3. Explain the reasons for isolation procedures and provide meaningful stimulation. 4. Limit family and other caregiver visits to reduce the risk of spreading the infection.

Answer: 3. By providing a rationale for the isolation, the patient can better understand the safety risks and cooperate with care. Providing reading material or other distractions for the patient will also help with times when the patient is alone in the room.

What outcome demonstrates the effective use of silence as a therapeutic communication technique? 1. The nurse feels like there was enough time to be therapeutic when communicating with the patient. 2. The patient states a preference to talk with another staff member. 3. The patient perceives having gained insight into the issue after the conversation. 4. The patient was able to drift off to sleep more easily

Answer: 3. The effective use of silence provides that patient an opportunity to think and gain insight. Often the patient feels compelled to break the silence and is prompted to talk.

8. A 34-year-old single father who is anxious, tearful, and tired from caring for his three young children tells the nurse that he feels depressed and does not see how he can go on much longer. Which statement would be the nurse's best response? 1. "Are you thinking of suicide?" 2. "You've been doing a good job raising your children. You can do it!" 3. "Is there someone who can help you during the evenings and weekends?" 4. "Tell me what you mean when you say you can't go on any longer."

Answer: 4. You need information about what the patient means when he says he can't go on any longer. He might be thinking of turning his children over to a grandparent or seeking other child- care arrangements. Asking about suicide initially might be prema- ture. Asking "Are you thinking of suicide?" prematurely might shut the patient down entirely. If the patient talks about suicide, for safety reasons it is especially important to further discuss his suicidal thoughts and refer to the appropriate health care professional. Ask- ing the open-ended question provides an opportunity to understand what the person is thinking and open lines of communication.

6. A nurse working on a surgery floor is assigned four patients. The nurse assesses each patient, noting behaviors and physical signs and symptoms. Which of the following patients is more likely to be violent toward the nurse? 1. The first patient maintains eye contact with the nurse, is calm during the nurse's assessment, and asks questions frequently. 2. The second patient is very drowsy, loses attention when the nurse asks questions, and mumbles when speaking. 3. The third patient moves nervously in bed, swears and grimaces when trying to cough, and speaks in a low volume. 4. The fourth patient speaks in a loud voice and becomes irritable when the nurse arrives to help walk the patient.

Answer: 4.Patientswhoaremostlikelytoenactviolenceinclude those who have an increased volume of speech, are irritable, demonstrate prolonged or intense glaring, mumble, use abu- sive language toward the nurse, and pace around the waiting area or bed.

3. The nurse is caring for a patient who is suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a motor vehicle accident. What assessment findings reported by the patient provide cues to validate the diagnosis of PTSD? (Select all that apply.) 1. Frequent feelings of anxiety 2. Need to be around people 3. Frequent nightmares 4. Flashbacks to the accident 5. Feelings of sadness

Answer: Answer: 1, 3, 4, 5 Patients experiencing PTSD after a traumatic event often experience anxiety, nightmares, and emo- tional detachment. PTSD also can lead to flashbacks, in which the person relives the experience over and over. Depression is frequently associated with PTSD.

7. When assessing an older adult who is showing symptoms of anxiety, insomnia, anorexia, and mild confusion, what is the first assessment the nurse conducts? 1. The amount of family support 2. A 3-day diet recall 3. A thorough physical assessment 4. Threats to safety in her home

Answer:3.Stressoftencausessymptomssimilartophysicalillnesses. Physical causes for problems need to be investigated and treated before treatment for stress-related symptoms can be initiated.

7. Match the intervention for promoting child safety on the left with the correct developmental stage on the right. 1. Teach children proper bicycle and skateboard safety. 2. Teach children how to cross streets and walk in parking lots. 3. Teach children proper techniques for specific sports. 4. Teach children not to operate electric toothbrushes while unsupervised. 5. Teach children not to talk to or go with a stranger. 6. Teach children not to eat items found in the grass. A. School-age child B. Preschooler

Answer:A:1,2,3;B:4,5,6.

the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 changed the designation of some rural hospitals to

Critical Access Hospital (CAH) when certain criteria were met

Use of both professional and therapeutic communication techniques contributes to achievement of patient outcomes because

Practicing these techniques is essential in your development as a nurse

6 levels of care are: PPSTRC

Preventive care • Adult screenings for blood pressure, cholesterol, tobacco use, and cancer • Pediatric screenings for hearing, vision, autism, and developmental disorders • HIV screening for adults at higher risk • Wellness visits • Immunizations • Diet counseling • Mental health counseling and crisis prevention • Community legislation (seat belts, car seats for children, bike helmets) Primary care (health promotion) • Diagnosis and treatment of common illnesses • Ongoing management of chronic health problems • Prenatal care • Well-baby care • Family planning • Patient-centered medical home care Secondary (acute care) • Urgent care; hospital emergency care • Acute medical-surgical care: ambulatory care, outpatient surgery, hospital • Radiological procedures Tertiary care • Highly specialized: intensive care, inpatient psychiatric facilities • Specialty care (such as neurology, cardiology, rheumatology, dermatology, oncology) Restorative care • Rehabilitation programs (such as cardiovascular, pulmonary, orthopedic) • Sports medicine • Spinal cord injury programs • Home care Continuing care • Long-term care: assisted living, nursing centers • Psychiatric and older-adult day care

Effective health care team communication using an approach modeled by the acronym

SACCIA—Sufficiency, Accuracy, Clarity, Contextualization, and Interpersonal Adaptation—promotes working relationships that promote safe and effective care.

High-intensity care model (grace model)

The interprofessional team is headed by both a nurse practitioner and a social worker. Other team members include a pharmacist, geriatric specialist, and mental health provider.

A nurse is assigned to care for an 82-year-old patient who will be transferred from the hospital to a rehabilitation center. The patient and her husband have selected the rehabilitation center closest to their home. The nurse learns that the patient will be discharged in 3 days and decides to make the referral on the day of discharge. The nurse reviews the recommendations for physical therapy and applies the information to fall prevention strategies in the hospital. What discharge planning action by the nurse has not been addressed correctly? 1. Patient and family involvement in referral 2. Timing of referral 3. Incorporation of referral discipline recommendations into plan of care 4. Determination of discharge date

The nurse must make the referral as soon as possible. The other elements of discharge planning, including knowing the discharge date, involving the patient and family in decision making, and incorporating the referral discipline's recommendations for the patient's care, are part of discharge planning.

Patients with special communication needs require you to use

specific techniques to facilitate mutual understanding, such as listening intently without interruption and ensuring patients use special devices to hear and see messages clearly.

Hygiene needs, preferences, and the ability to participate in care change as people what

age

Verbal communication involves

spoken or written words, and the vocabulary, meaning, pacing, tone, clarity, brevity, timing, and relevance of a message.

Taking a patient-centered approach by seeking a patient's viewpoints and being aware of your own personal biases will help you

assess and identify your patients' communication needs.

Adapting your communication approach with older adults, such as encouraging them to share life stories and reminisce about the past, can enhance your

assessment and promote an effective nurse patient relationship.

Nontherapeutic communication techniques damage professional what? what should we pay attention to?

caring relationships; therefore pay attention to your own communication to remove these blocking techniques from your responses.

Sound clinical judgment requires you to consider a patient's what

condition, anticipate any risks or problems, gather thorough assessment data, and then analyze data to form nursing diagnoses.

Being aware of and analyzing the outcomes of your

conversations with patients and the health care team and adapting your communication approach as needed helps ensure that patients meet their outcomes effectively

Nurses use the five levels of communication in their interactions are

intrapersonal, interpersonal, small group, public, and electronic.

Discharge planning

is a coordinated, interprofessional process that develops a plan for continuing care after a patient leaves a health care agency.

Naylor's "transitional care model"

emphasizes comprehensive discharge planning and follow-up for older adults who are chronically ill.

The circular transactional model of communication demonstrates what? Also what are the steps in this transactional model?

ever-changing nature of communication, and includes the referent, sender and receiver, message, channels, feedback, interpersonal variables, and environment.

Nonverbal communication, which occurs through the

five senses and includes everything except the written or spoken word, is unconsciously motivated and more accurately indicates a person's intended meaning than spoken words,

Diabetes mellitus and peripheral vascular diseases increase the patient's risk for

foot and nail problems.

why do we assess a patient's physical and cognitive ability to perform basic hygiene measures?

for independence

Various health beliefs, personal,sociocultural, economic, and developmental factors influence patients' what?

hygiene preferences and practices.

Clinical judgment and critical thinking about a patient's hygiene preferences, needs, and ability to participate in care results in patient centered hygiene care matching the patient's

needs and preferences

Nurses use critical thinking in communication by considering what?

past experiences and knowledge and by interpreting messages received from others to obtain new information, correct misinformation, and make clinical judgments for patient-centered care

There is a natural progression of four goal-directed phases—

pre interaction, orientation, working, and termination—that characterize the nurse-patient relationship, even during a brief interaction.

Nursing actions that reflect caring in communication include being

present and encouraging the expression of positive and negative feelings, instilling faith and hope, and promoting patient advocacy

Vascular insufficiency and reduced mobility, cognition, and sensation increase a patient's risk for

skin integrity.

when referring to hygiene we assess a patients

skin, feet and nails, oral mucosa, hair, and eyes and ears to obtain a complete assessment of the patient's hygiene needs.

Coleman's "care transitions program"

transition coach in managing/facilitating the discharge of a patient to home or to a rehabilitation center. Model is based on four pillars:

A patient's environment needs to be comfortable, safe, and large enough to provide care and allow the patient and visitors to move about freely. true or false

true

Administering therapies to relieve symptoms such as pain or nausea before hygiene better prepares patients for any procedure. true or false

true

Evaluation of hygiene procedures is based on outcomes of care; a patient's sense of comfort,relaxation, and well-being; and a patient's understanding of hygiene techniques. true or false

true

Position patients and make suction available to reduce the risk for aspiration when providing oral care to

unconscious patients.