S-270
(Match the definition) Maintenance Deficiency
Aircraft engine will not start
Define Smoke Jumpers
Smokejumpers are firefighters delivered to a fire by parachuting from airplanes. Very effective for initial attack in remote areas.
Correctly fill in the ICS Type air tanker for the following criteria
Type 1: 3,000 or more gallons of retardant Type 2: 1800-2,999 gallons of retardant Type 3: 800-1799 gallons of retardant Type 4: 799 or less gallons of retardant
True or False: it is okay to transport passengers aboard restricted-category aircraft
false
Safety Procedures during aerial fire suppression: Methods 2
-Foam, gel, and retardant are slippery when wet. -Watch your footing when working in areas where drops have been made.
Advantages of Helicopters
-They can drop more gallons of water, foam, or retardant if a close source is available. -They can be used for other types of missions besides delivering water, foam, or retardant. -Helicopters can work (fill in the gaps) in steep terrain where air tankers can't drop -Helicopters can make accurate drops near homes when fire occurs in the wildland/urban interface.
(Fill in the blank) List five procedures to safely approach, ride in, and depart from a helicopter.
1) No smoking 2) Fasten seatbelts 3) After getting out of the plane, fasten safe belt 4) Check cargo in basket, check straps 5) Approach helicopter from side or front
(Fill in the blank) List two reasons flight following is required by federal agencies:
1) To decrease response time for search and rescue missions. 2) It is policy, or following policy
Examples of Tactical Aircraft Mission
Aerial Fire Suppressants Delivery Helicopters Smokejumpers Fire Crews and Equipment Delivery Helitack Rappelling Aerial Ignition
Define Aerial Ignition
Aerial ignition systems are used to apply fire on the ground from the air to assist in the containment and control during fire suppression efforts.
Logistical missions: Aerial Photography and Video Recording
Aerial photography and video recording are often done for the fire behavior documentation, training purposes, and public relations.
Define Helitack
Aerially delivered firefighters specially trained in helicopter operations are called helitack crews. Effective for initial attack.
Special Operations: Aerial Seeding
After a large fire, when all the vegetation has been burned away, a Burned Area Emergency Rehabilitation (BAER) plan is developed to restore the vegetation.
Special Operations: Law enforcement
Aircraft are used by federal law enforcement to accomplish their daily missions.
Special Operations: non-fire missions
Aircraft are used every day for various missions other than fire suppression. Each natural resource project requiring the use of an aircraft may require a Project Aviation Safety Plan
Logistical missions: Medical AID
Aircraft are used to deliver medically trained personnel to the scene of an accident on an incident and to transport injured personnel to medical facilities.
Logistical missions: Fire perimeter mapping
Aircraft are used to map the perimeter of large fires, prescribed burns, etc with the helicopter being the preferred aircraft.
Define Fire Crews and Equipment delivery
Aircraft have the ability to rapidly deliver the following for tactical assignments: Firefighters, crews, and their equipment.
Logistical missions: Detection and Reconnaissance
Aircrafts are often used for detection and reconnaissance of fires because of their: -Ability to cover vast areas in a short time to detect or find fires. -Better visual vantage point for reconnaissance -Sometimes the only safe or possible way to monitor the fire's behavior is by aircraft
Logistical missions: Search and Rescue
Aircrafts(Airplanes and Helicopters) are often used for search and rescue missions well as SAR
(Match the definition) Aircraft Accident
Airplane crash with fatalities
Logistical missions: Methods to transport people and supplies
Airplanes Paracargo Helicopters
Define Logistical Missions
Any aviation activities that support the suppression effort of a fire or to assist in the completion of a project but are not in themselves tactical in nature.
Define Tactical Aircraft Mission
Any mission that uses an aircraft to accomplish a specific tactical task during the fire suppression efforts.
As a passenger, identify the proper procedure for approaching an airplane.
Approach from the side in full view of the pilot and with the pilots approval after the propellers have stopped.
As a passenger, identify the proper procedure for approaching a helicopter.
Approach in a slight crouch position from the front of side in full view of the pilot and with the pilots approval.
Safety Procedures during aerial fire suppression: Methods
At least 200 feet away from the drop area Clear of snags. Move away 1- 1/2 times the height of the tallest snag. -Watch for dislodged material if drop is made upslope from you.
(Fill in the blank) Why must hazardous materials NOT be carried by passengers or checked as personnel baggage on commercial aircraft flights?
Because hazardous materials must be in a approved container and location in a commercial flight.
Define Aerial Fire Suppression Delivery
Both Airplanes and Helicopters are used to drop aerial fire suppressants (Retardant, water, gel and foam) onto a wildland fire in an effort to help slow its advancements and to contain the wildland fire. ---This is very effective during initial attack.
(Fill in the blank) List one effect of high density altitude on an aircraft
Can reduce margins of safety
Disadvantages of using Helitack
Depending on natural or pre-established landing areas (unless rappelling) Limited by aircraft size, airspeed, and range Weather and daylight dependent
True or False: If any air tanker has a 3,000-gallon tank capacity, it will always be capable to carry 3,000 gallons.
False
Special Operations: Animal Capture and Eradication
Federal land managers and wildlife biologists use aircraft regularly to accomplish specific resource management goals for their programs.
Safety Procedures during aerial fire suppression
Firefighters must clear out of the drop area before drops are made by air tankers or helicopters -Clear the area by moving up or down the fireline or away at a right angle to the flight path.
List the two major categories of aircrafts used in fire suppression: (Fill in the blank)
Fixed wings and rotor wings
Logistical missions: Infrared Mapping System
Heat detecting devices, which can be mounted on or operated from an aircraft to allow firefighters to determine where the fire is burning during poor visibility conditions.
Disadvantages of using Helicopters
Helicopters have wind limitations affecting their use in high winds. Limited by aircraft size, payload, airspeed, and range Weather and daylight dependent.
Disadvantages of using smokejumpers
High training and cost equipment Can't jump in high winds Logistics of retrieval (pack out) Weather and daylight dependent
Disadvantages of rappelling
Higher training and equipment cost Limited by aircraft size, airspeed, and range Limited to rappel rope length Helicopters may not be able to hover in high winds to let down rappellers. Weather and daylight dependent
(Match the definition) Occurs when a helicopter is hovering approximately less then one-half the rotor diameter distance from the ground
Hover-in-ground effect
(Match the definition) Occurs when a hovering helicopter exceeds approximately one-half the rotor diameter distance from the ground
Hover-out-of ground effect
Safety Procedures during aerial fire suppression: Bucket Drops
If caught by surprise in a retardant drop area: -Lie on the ground face down with your head towards the approaching aircraft. -Fasten chin strap on your hardhat or hold onto it with one hand. -Any tools should be held with the hand extending away from your body and the downhill side.
Special Operations: Aerial Seeding
If the BAER plan requires reseeding the burned area aircraft application, the plan will have an Air Operations section. A PASP will be required for this type of project.
Advantages of Aerial Ignition
Ignition is done quicker than ground igniting methods Ignition can cover a large area Area to burned is inaccessible or unsafe for people on the ground to accomplish
(Multiple Choice) Helispots should be located so takeoffs and landings can be
Into the Wind
(Fill in the blank) Why are aircraft data cards issues by the USFS and AMD?
It contains information about the aircraft and its authorized uses.
Why did the Incident command system develop a classification scheme to distinguish the different types, sizes, and capabilities of the aircraft? (5 points, fill in the blank)
It was developed to provide a general classification of their capability, for the purpose of managing fire resources. (To know what aircraft to order and their capabilities)
Advantages of Air Tanker/Single Engine Air Tanker (SEAT)
Large Volumes Multiple Drop Capability Fast Travel Times Good For initial Attack
Special Operations: Law Enforcement
Law enforcement missions can include: Patrol Surveillance Access to remote areas Drug interdiction
Define Rappeling
Method of delivering firefighters when the vegetation cover or terrain makes it impossible or unsafe to land a helicopter. The firefighters descend down ropes from a hovering helicopter. Can be effective for initial attack in remote areas.
(Match the definition) Aircraft Incident
Near midair collision
Special Operations: Definition
Non-fire projects The utilization of airplanes and helicopters support of the federal agency programs that are not point-to-point flight activities and that require special control measures due to their inherently higher risks.
Disadvantages of Air Tankers/SEAT
Nonaccessible Terrain Long Turn Around times Less accurate then helicopters Single purpose use May interrupt other aircraft missions until retardant is dropped. -Currently, there are only about 20-24 Federal large air tankers available in any given year. A few states operate large air tankers, but not all of them are approved for use on federal fires.
Air-to-ground communication procedures: Use of Radios
Normally, an air to ground frequency will be predesigned and known by both ground personnel and pilots. This might be a discrete air-to-ground frequency, or it might be an assigned tactical frequency for your division or fire. During initial attack, this frequency may be a daily forest net.
(Match the definition) Aviation Hazard
Passengers are not wearing PPE
Advantages of using helitack
Rapid Aerial delivery of firefighters to remote areas. Self-supporting for two shifts.
Advantages of rappelling
Rapid delivery of firefighters to remote areas No landing area is required Self supporting for two shifts -Rappel helicopter can be used to deliver firefighting supplies and equipment and for water bucket work.
Advantages of using smokejumpers
Rapid delivery of firefighters to remote areas. No aircraft landing area is required. Self-supporting for two shifts. Smokejumpers aircraft can deliver firefighting supplies and equipment by paracargo.
(Fill in the blank) What is your responsibility if you observe an aircraft mishap?
Report it to a supervisor, and following up by performing a safecom.
(Match the definition) ICS Type 1 Helicopters Safety circle
Safety circle at least 110 feet in diameter (1-1/2 times the rotor diameter)
(Match the definition) ICS Type 3 Helicopters Safety circle
Safety circle at least 75 feet in diameter (1-1/2 times the rotor diameter)
(Match the definition) ICS Type 2 Helicopters Safety circle
Safety circle at least 90 feet in diameter (1-1/2 times the rotor diameter)
Special Operations: Other missions
Some of the other missions that may use aircraft include: Aerial forest health surveys Military operations Short Haul Hydro Mulch Cone Collection Habitat improvement or restoration
Air-to-ground communication procedures: Sterile Cockpit Procedures
Sterile Cockpit Procedures mean that we must maintain radio silence except in emergencies. -As a passenger or ground contact, you must always adhere to safe practices. Regardless of the type of airspace you are in, you must maintain sterile cockpit procedures during approach and departure phases of flight.
Air-to-ground communication procedures: Target Description
Systematic technique meant to enable the pilot to locate, identify, and take appropriate action on the target. TD is accomplished by radio communication between the ground contact and the pilot. It is meant to communicate the target description and the target location.
True or False: Hover-out-of-ground (HOGE) helispot require the helicopter to use more power to take off or land there
TRUE
(Fill in the blank) Why must a pilot posses a valid Pilot qualification card in order to fly an aircraft to transport federal agency personnel?
The card provides information regarding what types of aircrafts and types of missions the pilot is approved to fly.
(Fill in the blank) List one responsibility of the flight manager:
The flight manager will ensure that the aircraft and pilot are APPROVED for the mission
(Match the definition) Occurs when a helicopter moves from hovering and gains 15-18 MPH indicated airspeed
Transitional lift
Examples of Logistical Missions
Transportation of people and supplies Fire Perimeter mapping Detection and Reconnaissance Infrared Mapping System Aerial Photography and Video Recording Medical Aid Search and Rescue
The Bell L4 "Long Ranger" and the Bell 407 are both examples of high performance type 3 helicopters.
True
True or False: An aircraft and pilot that have been carded by the USFS may be used by the department of interior personnel if the cards are current and the aircraft and pilot are approved for the type of mission to be flown.
True
True or False: Cooperator (state, private, military) aircrafts and pilots must be approved by the USFS and AMD before use by federal agency personnel.
True
True or False: Maximum performance helicopter takeoff and landings increase risk because the helicopter has little or no power reserve, thus reducing safety margins
True
True or False: One-way helispots should be avoided
True
True or false: Aircrafts are not a substitute for a ground-based lookout on a fire.
True
(Fill in the blank) Most helicopters used in fire suppression have ______________ type engines
Turbine
Correctly match the ICS type helicopters for the following criteria
Type 1: 15 or more passengers, 700 gallons or more of retardant or water Type 2: 9-14 Passenger seats Type 3: 100-299 gallons of retardant or water, 4-8 seats
What are the proper air-to-ground communication procedures?
Use of radios Target description Steril Cockpit procedures
