Sample Questions for Exam 2 PSY 2201

hormones that decrease appetite: a. ghrelin and leptin b. orexin and PYY c. ghrelin and orexin d. leptin and PYY

d. Leptin: Protein hormone secreted by fat cells; when abundant, causes brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger. PYY: Digestive tract hormone; sends "I'm not hungry" signals to the brain.

10. _____ is the best way to describe identification with others and the ability to imagine walking in their shoes. a. Sympathy b. Apathy c. Emotion detection d. Empathy

d. Empathy

Our tendencies to fill in the gaps and to perceive a pattern as continuous are two different examples of the organizing principle called... a. interpretation b. depth perception c. shape constancy d. grouping

d. grouping

6. Which memories include procedural memory for automatic skills and classically conditioned associations among stimuli? a. explicit memories b. iconic memories c. working memories d. implicit memories

d. implicit memories

A food's aroma can greatly enhance its taste. This is an example of..... a. olfaction b. synesthesia c. kinesthesia d. sensory interaction

d. sensory interaction

basal ganglia

- Are deep brain structures involved in motor movement• - Facilitate formation of our procedural memories for skills

When a dog sees a leash, it learns that it's time to go for a walk. This is an example of.......

Classical Conditioning.

visual cliff experiment

Gibson and Walk. Infants as young as 6 months usually hesitate to crawl past the apparent edge of a visual cliff, which suggests that they are able to perceive depth.

In the classroom, a teacher decides to provide stickers for good behavior, and lessen playtime as a consequence of bad behavior. This reward/punishment system is an example of.......

Operant Conditioning

___________ is the smallest unit of language that carries meaning. a. The morpheme b. The phoneme c. Syntax d. Grammar

a. The morpheme

confirmation bias

a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

Explicit memory of facts and general knowledge is.... a) semantic memory b) episodic memory

a) semantic memory. episodic memory is explicit memory of personally experienced events

difference threshold: a) the smallest detectable difference between two stimuli half the time b) the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time.(edge of our awareness)

a) the smallest detectable difference between two stimuli half the time

5. Conscious memories regarding facts and general knowledge fall into which memory category? a. Semantic b. Episodic c. Effortful d. Automatic (without conscious)

a. Semantic

Hans is working on a project for their general psychology course that involves reading people's emotional cues. They need a partner on the project, and they think their best choice would be a female. Which research finding supports this choice? a. Women surpass men at reading people's emotional cues b. Extraverts are better at reading emotional cues, and extraverts are more often female c. Introverts are better at reading emotional cues, and introverts are more often female d. Female infants, children, and adolescents surpass males at reading female emotion but not male

a. Women surpass men at reading people's emotional cues

The rate at which your body expends energy while at rest is referred to as the... _______ ______ rate. a. basal metabolic b. resting heart

a. basal metabolic rate

Sensory adaptation can be defined as... a. diminished sensitivity as a result of unchanging stimulation b. the relationship between the intensity of a physical stimulus, such as noise, and the psychological effect of the stimulus c. the perception of stimuli below conscious awareness d. the unconscious activation of associations that are linked with memories

a. diminished sensitivity as a result of unchanging stimulation

The Hopi have no past tense for their verbs, so Benjamin Whorf would contend that it would be very difficult for Ahote, a 25-year-old Hopi, to readily think about the past. Whorf would suggest that his difficulty is due to: a. linguistic determinism b. an inability to think in images c. the rules of telegraphic speech d. the rules of universal grammar

a. linguistic determinism

2. In terms of vision, _____ is the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or inverted visual field. a. perceptual adaptation b. accommodation c. sensory deprivation d. perceptual constancy

a. perceptual adaptation

the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new info is: a. proactive interference b. retroactive interference c. forgetfulness d. retrograde amnesia e. anterograde amnesia

a. proactive interference (well-rehearsed combination lock interferes with retrieval of the new one)

1. Today, a person on television described their experience of _____, a condition in which the senses become joined. The person explained that when certain types of music are played, they often see patterns of colors. a. synesthesia b. sensory interaction c. clairvoyance d. Psychokinesis

a. synesthesia

depth perception

ability to judge distance and three-dimensional relations

long-term potentiation (LTP)

an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory.

Sternberg's Three Intelligences

analytical, creative, practical

Minnie, your 8-year-old cat, ran away. She got in a neighbor's cellar and was stuck there for two months while your neighbor was on vacation. Luckily, there was enough food and water in the basement for Minnie to survive, but it was pitch black down there. When your neighbor returned, she found Minnie and returned her to you. How will the sensory deprivation affect her vision? a. Her vision will be disturbed; she won't be able to discriminate shapes b. Her vision will be unaffected by this sensory deprivation c. Her vision will be disturbed; she won't be able to discriminate colors d. Her night vision will be even better than before

b. Her vision will be unaffected by this sensory deprivation

Hormone secreted by empty stomach; sends "I'm hungry" signals to the brain. a. orexin b. ghrelin c. leptin d. PYY

b. ghrelin

While Jaci is watching their favorite T.V. show, the electricity goes out. For a few tenths of a second Jaci is still able to see the last images from the screen. This is an example of: a. echoic memory b. iconic memory c. implicit memory d. declarative memory

b. iconic memory

As a practical joke, Veronica tells her younger brother a story about an event that did not happen when he was 4 years old, that he called 9-1-1 to report a fight they were having. Veronica repeated the story several times, until her brother could really see himself dialing the phone. This is an example of: a. repression b. imagination inflation c. retroactive interference d. proactive interference.

b. imagination inflation

3. Classical conditioning is to operant conditioning as: a. involuntary responses are to automatic responses. b. involuntary responses are to voluntary responses. c. voluntary responses are to involuntary responses. d. voluntary responses are to automatic responses.

b. involuntary responses are to voluntary responses. Why: Operant conditioning (voluntary) is more used with rewards and punishments compared to classical conditioning is behavior learned in a natural environment. (involuntary)

Perceiving a tomato is constantly red, despite lighting shifts, is an example of a. shape constancy b. perceptual constancy c. a binocular cue d. continuity

b. perceptual constancy

analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information defines...

bottom-up processing

Sensation is to ________ as perception is to ________.

bottom-up processing; top-down processing

Children reach the one-word stage of speech development at about... a. 4 months b. 6 months c. 1 year d. 2 years

c. 1 year

What is considered to be the emotion-control center of the brain? a. reflex pathways b. thalamus c. Amygdala d. Insula

c. Amygdala

Anastasia was born deaf to hearing-impaired parents. Anastasia is fluent in sign language and has achieved high academic scores in school. How is Anastasia likely to perform on a standard intelligence test compared to hearing children their age? a. Anastasia may perform as well because language does not influence performance on intelligence tests b. Anastasia may perform better because sign language improves verbal ability c. Because the intelligence test is in the culture's dominant language, Anastasia may not perform as well d. Deaf children cannot take standard intelligence tests, so Anastasia's performance cannot be predicted

c. Because the intelligence test is in the culture's dominant language, Anastasia may not perform as well

1. Yarik's roommate asked if he would like to grab lunch before class. Yarik declined because he is not feeling hungry at the moment. This is likely because their: a. ghrelin levels are low b. blood glucose level has dropped c. PYY levels are low level of orexin is high

c. PYY levels are low

One major impediment to problem solving is _______________, which is the inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective. a. confirmation bias b. heuristic searching c. fixation d. overconfidence

c. fixation

4. Over time, animals tend to revert from newly learned habits to their biologically predisposed behaviors. This is an example of: a. latent learning. b. taste aversion. c. instinctive drift. d. psychological influences on learning.

c. instinctive drift.

Dominick was baking cookies for their younger sister and burnt their hand. Their sister witnessed the entire thing as they anticipated eating the cooking. Dominick's sister has learned that using the oven can hurt and has learned not to touch it. This is an example of: a. classical conditioning b. a respondent behavior c. observational learning d. operant conditioning

c. observational learning

The blind spot in your retina is located where.... a. there are rods but no cones b. there are cones but no rods c. the optic nerve leaves the eye d. the bipolar cells meets the ganglion cells

c. the optic nerve leaves the eye

snail-shaped tube in the inner ear, where sound waves are converted into neural activity, is called the....

cochlea

Rohana and Alex are very religious and hope to pass on their beliefs to their children. What can they do to increase the likelihood that their children will hold the same religious views in adulthood? a. force their children to attend religious services b. allow their children decide when to attend religious services c. ensure that the only associations their children have are with others in thesame religion d. worship and attend religious activities with their children

d. worship and attend religious activities with their children.

what are ways we forget? a) encoding failure b) storage decay c) retrieval failure d) repress e) all of the above

e

two-factor theory

emotions have two ingredients: physical arousal and cognitive appraisal (interpretation).

When people are induced to assume a fearful expression, they often report feeling some fear. This result is known as the _______________ ______________ effect.

facial feedback

Hippocampus

long term memory

nociceptors are.....

pain receptors

When we drive a car, we don't focus on driving exclusively; we also listen to music, carry on a conversation with our passengers, and look for the name of the street where our destination is located. This is an example of....

parallel processing: the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously (multiple stimuli)

self-determination theory

we strive to satisfy three needs: competence, autonomy (a sense of personal control), and relatedness

fixation

the inability to see a problem from a new perspective

absolute threshold:

the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time

behavior feedback effect

the tendency of behavior to influence our own and others' thoughts, feelings, and actions. for example: poor posture and bad cold affecting emotional well-being

perception: information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations.(interpret what senses detect)

top-down processing

The characteristic of light that determines the color we experience, such as blue or green, is its....

wavelength