Sanwald Exam 3 Flashcards CH 12-16
passive conflict management norms
Definition:Avoid addressing conflict
division of labor
Definition:The degree to which employees specialize
artifacts
Definition:The physical manifestation of the culture including open offices, awards, ceremonies, and formal lists of values
Enid runs an old-fashioned diner. Several customers complain that the music played in the diner is not realistic for the era the diner is supposed to represent. Enid asks her employees to research the music of the era and revise the playlist. According to the Hersey and Blanchard model of leadership, Enid uses the _____ style in this instance.
"delegating"
According to Hersey and Blanchard, which leadership style should be used when subordinates have a moderate to high degree of motivation, competence, experience, and interest in accepting responsibility?
"participating"
Sarah, a manager at an accounting firm, gathers her subordinates at a meeting and states that half of them will be laid off. She explains that the layoffs are a cost-saving measure put into effect because the firm's new accounting software is dramatically more efficient than the old. Sarah does her best to convince her subordinates that the decision to lay off half the staff, while difficult and painful, is the best decision for the long-term profitability of the firm, and she explains what everybody's new roles will be after the change. According to the Hersey and Blanchard model of leadership, Sarah uses the _____ style in this instance.
"selling"
According to Hersey and Blanchard, which leadership style should be used when subordinates have a low degree of motivation, competence, experience, and interest in accepting responsibility?
"telling"
Which of the following is NOT one of the three fundamental attributes of a charismatic leader?
Aggrandizing
network organization
Definition:A collection of autonomous units or firms that act as a single larger entity, using social mechanisms for coordination and control
division
Definition:A collection of functions organized around a particular geographic area, product or service, or market
Charisma
Definition:A form of interpersonal attraction that inspires support and acceptance
leadership motive pattern
Definition:A high need for power (with high impulse control) and a low need for affiliation
radical innovation
Definition:A major breakthrough that changes or creates whole industries
liaison role
Definition:A manager or team member is held formally accountable for communicating and coordinating with other groups
cross-functional team
Definition:A permanent task force created to address specific problems or recurring needs
Power
Definition:A person's or group's potential to influence another person's or group's behavior
Referent power
Definition:A personal power based on a manager's charisma or attractiveness to others
Expert power
Definition:A personal power based on an individual's knowledge or expertise
Legitimate power
Definition:A position power based on a person's holding of the managerial position rather than anything the manager is or does as a person
coercive power
Definition:A position power based on fear or a desire to avoid punishment
Reward power
Definition:A position power that involves the use of rewards to influence and motivate followers
Organizational culture
Definition:A system of shared values, norms, and assumptions that guide members' attitudes and behaviors
task force
Definition:A temporary committee formed to address a specific project or problem
Charismatic leadership
Definition:A type of influence based on the leader's personal charisma
virtual organization
Definition:An organization that contracts out almost all of its functions except for the company name and managing the coordination among the contractors
functional structure
Definition:An organizational structure that groups people with the same skills, or who use similar tools or work processes, together into departments
bureaucratic structure
Definition:An organizational structure with formal division of labor, hierarchy, and standardization of work procedures
position power
Definition:Based on one's position in the organization influence tactics
personal power
Definition:Based on the person's individual characteristics, stays with a person regardless of his or her job or organization
Hersey and Blanchard model
Definition:Based on the premise that appropriate leader behavior depends on the "readiness" of the leader's followers (i.e., the subordinate's degree of motivation, competence, experience, and interest in accepting responsibility)
upward influence styles
Definition:Combinations of upward influence tactics that tend to be used together
centralized organizations
Definition:Concentrate power and decision-making authority at higher levels of the organization
Incremental innovation
Definition:Continues the technical improvement and extends the applications of radical and systems innovations
Systems innovation
Definition:Creates a new functionality by assembling parts in new ways
lattice structure
Definition:Cross-functional and cross-level subteams are formed and dissolved as necessary to complete specific projects and tasks
organizational chart
Definition:Diagram of the chain of command and reporting relationships in a company
matrix structure
Definition:Employees report to both a project or product team and to a functional manager
leadership neutralizers
Definition:Factors that render ineffective a leader's attempts to engage in various leadership behaviors
organic organizations
Definition:Flexible, decentralized structures with less clear lines of authority, decentralized power, open communication channels, and a focus on adaptability in helping employees accomplish goals
Communities of practice
Definition:Groups of people whose shared expertise and interest in a joint enterprise informally bind them together
self-monitoring
Definition:Having a high concern with others' perceptions of us and adjusting our behavior to fit the situation
attribution perspective on leadership
Definition:Holds that when behaviors are observed in a context associated with leadership, different people may attribute varying levels of leadership ability or power to the person displaying those behaviors
team-based structure
Definition:Horizontal or vertical teams define part or all of the organization
influence tactics
Definition:How people translate their power to affect the behavior of others
Leadership substitutes
Definition:Individual, task, and organizational characteristics that tend to outweigh the leader's ability to affect subordinates' satisfaction and performance
Transactional leadership
Definition:Leadership focused on routine, regimented activities
virtual leadership
Definition:Leadership via distance technologies
continuous production
Definition:Machines constantly make the product
direct contact
Definition:Managers from different units informally work together to coordinate or to identify and solve shared problems
in-group
Definition:Often receives special duties requiring more responsibility and autonomy; they may also receive special privileges, such as more discretion about work schedules
informational power
Definition:Power derived from control over information
Persuasive power
Definition:Power due to the ability to use logic and facts to persuade
unit production
Definition:Producing in small batches or making one-of-a-kind custom products
mass production
Definition:Producing large volumes of identical products
out-group
Definition:Receive less of the supervisor's time and attention and are likely to be assigned the more mundane tasks the group must perform and not be "in the loop" when information is being shared
disagreeable conflict management norms
Definition:Resolve conflict competitively
Agreeable conflict management norms
Definition:Resolve conflict in a cooperative manner
Active conflict management norms
Definition:Resolve conflict openly
Mechanistic organizations
Definition:Rigid, traditional bureaucracies with centralized power and hierarchical communications
mentor
Definition:Role of helping a less experienced person learn the ropes to better prepare for career success
Conflict cultures
Definition:Shared norms for managing conflict
empowerment
Definition:Sharing power with employees and giving them the authority to make and implement at least some decisions
prebureaucratic structure
Definition:Smaller organizations with low standardization, total centralization, and mostly one-on-one communication
Organizational politics
Definition:Social influence attempts directed at those who can provide rewards that will help promote or protect the self-interests of the actor
leader-member exchange model (LMX) of leadership
Definition:Stresses the importance of variable relationships between supervisors and each of their subordinates
decentralized organizations
Definition:The authority for making decisions affecting an organization is distributed
strategic leadership
Definition:The capability to understand the complexities of both the organization and its environment and to lead change in the organization so as to achieve and maintain a superior alignment between the organization and its environment
hierarchy
Definition:The degree to which some employees have formal authority over others
culture of inclusion
Definition:The extent to which majority members value efforts to increase minority representation, and whether the qualifications and abilities of minority members are questioned
organizational structure
Definition:The formal system of task, power, and reporting relationships
span of control
Definition:The number of people reporting directly to an individual
Espoused values and norms
Definition:The preferred values and norms explicitly stated by the organization
innovation
Definition:The process of creating and doing new things that are introduced into the marketplace as products, processes, or services
Ethical leadership
Definition:The process of leading based on consistent principles of ethical conduct
Impression management
Definition:The process of portraying a desired image or attitude to control the impression others form of us
Organizational design
Definition:The process of selecting and managing aspects of organizational structure and culture to enable the organization to achieve its goals
Transformational leadership
Definition:The set of abilities that allows the leader to recognize the need for change, to create a vision to guide that change, and to execute the change effectively
Assumptions
Definition:Those organizational values that have become so taken for granted over time that they become the core of the company's culture
abuse of power
Definition:Using any type of power to demean, exploit, or take advantage of another or influencing someone to do something the person later regrets
Enacted values and norms
Definition:Values and norms that employees exhibit based on their observations of what actually goes on in the organization
need for power
Definition:Wanting to control and influence others, or to be responsible for others
Which attribute is seen as universally negative across a wide range of cultures?
Dictatorial
Farah, a manager, listens carefully to her employees' problems, helps them find solutions, and shows her employees that she believes in their ability to overcome obstacles. In doing these things, Farah demonstrates which fundamental quality of charismatic leadership?
Enabling
Laurel, a manager, holds herself and her subordinates to high standards. Anything that she expects her employees to do, she does herself. In doing these things, Laurel demonstrates which fundamental quality of charismatic leadership?
Envisioning
Which model of leadership has the most software support for helping managers choose the optimum level of employee participation?
The decision tree
Strategic leadership is an extension of which other type of leadership?
Transformational
According to Project GLOBE, which of the following is NOT a universal characteristic of strong leaders, regardless of culture or geography?
being immodest
Sunriver Homes Corporation has identified a need for strong strategic leadership. As they search for a new CEO, what leadership traits will they seek?
clear understanding of trends on the horizon
In the Hersey and Blanchard model, a leader who employs a "telling" style:
directs her employees without much in the way of explanation.
According to Hersey and Blanchard, a leader's ratio of task behavior to relationship behavior should be highest when follower readiness is:
low.
According to Hersey and Blanchard, a leader's ratio of relationship behavior to task behavior should be highest when follower readiness is:
moderate.
Some research suggests that female leaders are, on average, slightly _____ than male leaders.
more democratic
A group of individuals who are unprofessional, unmotivated, and inexperienced would most likely _____ leadership.
neutralize but not substitute for
Leaders who are coaches contrast leaders who are:
overseers.
Fiedler refined the LPC model of leadership by adding the concept of _____ as a factor in situational favorableness.
stress
A group with well-defined norms and high cohesiveness would most likely _____ leadership.
substitute for and neutralize
An organization with rigid procedures, an inflexible reward system, and explicit goals would most likely _____ leadership.
substitute for and neutralize
A job that is highly structured, satisfying, and rigidly controlled would most likely _____ leadership.
substitute for but not neutralize
Leadership ________ are characteristics that render leadership irrelevant.
substitutes
Alan sits in on one of Cherie's team meetings. Cherie's manager happens to be out that day. In the absence of a manager, Cherie steps forward and facilitates that meeting's discussion. The other team members follow her lead naturally, and the meeting is very productive. Observing this, Alan concludes that Cherie is a good leader. This scenario exemplifies _____ leadership.
the attribution perspective on