SC 545

14. Which type of employment interview has the lowest validity?

*b. psychologically-based

16. The Brazelton Scale

*b. purports to measure a newborn's competence.

10. When the cost of false positives is high, test makers may

*b. raise the cutting score.

4. In structured interviews, candidates who work hard at impression management

*b. receive higher ratings.

9. What are the content types of the Rorschach?

*b. human, animal, and nature

13. The first step in a cognitive-behavioral assessment is to

*b. identify critical behaviors.

4. A theory consistent with the data concerning the reliability of tests would propose that

*c. humans possess an ability to adapt to changing circumstances.

5. Which of the following is true of the Rorschach?

*a. It was treated with suspicion from the beginning.

13. Next to the Strong-Campbell, the second most widely used interest inventory is the

*a. Kuder Occupational Interest Survey.

2. The 1966 version of SVIB used standard scores with a mean of ____ and a standard deviation of ____.

*b. 50; 10

2. The highest scores on the SAT Reasoning Test math section are obtained by

*b. Asian Americans.

4. Studies by Strong on occupational interests demonstrated that

*c. occupational interests remain relatively stable after students have left school.

19. An example of an early multidimensional logical-content scale is the

*a. Bell Adjustment Inventory.

13. No normative data is available for the

*a. Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale.

5. ABC Company has received 150 job applicants for a job opening: 100 white applicants, 25 Mexican Americans, and 25 African Americans. They hired 60 of the white applicants. How many of the other two groups do they have to hire in order to abide by the four-fifths rule?

*a. 12 from each group

12. A final examination in a school course is a type of ____ test.

*a. achievement

1. The most controversial and misunderstood psychological tests are

*d. projective personality tests.

20. One of the major disadvantages of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery is that the battery

*d. requires 8 to 12 hours to administer.

1. Which of the following is an advantage of alternative tests?

d. They are suitable for use with populations with disabilities.

15. Ken is having trouble at work because his boss takes advantage of him and gives him twice as much work as anyone else. Ken has trouble saying 'no' to his boss but then gets very angry because of all the work he has to do. Ken's therapist is likely to use the ____ in order to assess Ken's behavior in this particular situation.

*a. Assertive Behavior Survey Schedule

18. Influencing, Helping, and Creating are three of the seven orientation scales that are part of the

*a. Campbell Interest and Skill Inventory.

12. ____ attempts to identify items that are specifically biased against specific groups.

*a. Differential item functioning analysis

12. The New York Truth in Testing Law was the result of an investigation of the

*a. ETS.

13. Which of the following is true about how tests are used?

*a. In the end, it may be determined by law and the threat of litigation.

20. Which of the following did Dahlstrom note about invasion of privacy?

*a. Individuals must cooperate in order to be tested, and can refuse to be tested if they do not like the situation.

14. Which of the followings is an example of a K-12 group test?

*a. KAT

19. Which of the following is a responsibility of potential test takers?

*a. Knowing and demanding their rights

15. Examination of tests such as the WAIS and WISC-R have found that white males are more often depicted in test items than other groups. What has research shown about such differences?

*a. No one has established that these differences affect test performance.

16. Which test added alternate forms for children with visual limitations when it was renormed in 2000?

*a. Stanford Achievement Test

13. Which of the following is true of job performance measures in relation to race?

*a. The differences between African Americans and whites are greater for objective than subjective measures.

11. Which of the following is a problem with tests that purport to measure and predict antisocial behavior by measuring childhood aggression?

*a. They have high false positive rates.

12. Which of the following issues is classified by your text as a theoretical concern?

*a. Whether the systematic sources of variance measured by the test arise from the person or the setting

17. Which of the following is a characteristic of the Kuhlmann-Anderson Test?

*a. While most achievement tests rely increasingly on verbal items with increasing grade level, the KAT remains nonverbal throughout.

16. The Dd response refers to

*a. an unusual detail.

19. To measure an individual's potential in music, you would use a(n) ____ test.

*a. aptitude

1. All of the cognitive-behavioral assessment procedures

*a. are more direct than traditional psychological tests.

5. In general, group tests

*a. are psychometrically sound.

4. In accordance with the U.S. Constitution, individual states

*a. cannot pass a law that is inconsistent with the Constitution.

11. Cognitive-behavioral and traditional procedures differ in that

*a. cognitive-behavioral procedures are more direct and remain closer to observable behaviors.

8. Which strategy relies on reason and logic as opposed to data collection and statistical analysis?

*a. deductive

16. The theoretical approach to test construction is a(n)

*a. deductive strategy.

15. The report that is generated for the KOIS presents ____ in the first section.

*a. dependability of the results

9. The 14th Amendment guarantees all citizens

*a. due process and equal protection under the law.

13. The criterion group strategy is also called the

*a. empirical strategy.

11. One of the effects of the 1991 Civil Rights Act was that the burden of proof regarding psychological tests was placed on the

*a. employer.

6. Joey's parents went to a therapist to help them overcome Joey's fear of going to school. Before she helped them create a reward system for each time their son went to school without crying, the therapist first determined the severity and frequency of the behavior. The therapist was

*a. establishing a baseline.

13. Achievement tests

*a. evaluate the product of a course of training.

10. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

*a. evolved from the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

15. Mirsky and colleagues have identified four different factors of mental processing and related them to specific anatomical regions in the brain. These four factors are

*a. focus execute, sustain, encode, and shift.

6. The determinant types of the Rorschach are

*a. form, movement, color, and shading

13. The first phase of Rorschach administration is called

*a. free association.

7. The theoretical strategy attempts to produce scales that are

*a. homogeneous.

6. Studies have indicated that the temporal stability of tests is

*a. in need of improvement, even for the best tests.

10. Exner's 2007 revision of the Rorschach

*a. included new non-patient norms.

12. Adding information from the Rorschach to information from other sources does not improve diagnostic accuracy and may even decrease it. This indicates the lack of

*a. incremental validity.

3. The finding that intelligence scores have changed significantly over time for some groups lends support to the argument that

*a. intelligence is not completely determined by genetics.

20. The Mooney Problem Checklist relies on which approach to test construction?

*a. logical content

14. Which approach relies on reasoning and deductive logic?

*a. logical-content strategy

3. The criterion-group approach to test construction

*a. matches a test-taker's responses to those of a defined group.

15. The relative proportion of W, D, and Dd location choices varies as a function of

*a. maturation.

4. Clinical neuropsychology is multidisciplinary and overlaps with the fields of

*a. psychiatry, neurology, and psychometric testing.

9. Sonya builds computers for a living and enjoys camping and hiking on the weekends. Holland's theory would identify Sonya as

*a. realistic.

18. Organized cognitive frameworks that help organize experiences, interpret new experiences, and make predictions about what is likely to happen in the future are called

*a. schemas.

3. The Barnum effect is found when

*a. statements that fits most of the case inflates validity.

20. After years of extensive use, the Gesell scale

*a. still has a number of problems.

4. Cognitive-behavioral assessments focus on ____ as the main problem in a disorder.

*a. the behavior

20. The characteristic of an inkblot that leads a subject to see a particular form is called

*a. the determinant.

2. All of his life, whenever Thomas met new groups of people he felt timid and shy and tended to retreat to the edge of the crowd until he was better acquainted. Thomas' behavior is best described as a personality ____.

*a. trait

3. One way to overcome the limitations of a particular alternative ability tests is to

*a. use several such tests in conjunction.

2. When we say a test has reliability,

*a. we are implying that test results are attributable to a systematic source of variance.

5. The roots of neuropsychology can be traced to the 19th century work of

*b. Broca and Wernicke.

1. The first interest inventory was the

*b. Carnegie Interest Inventory.

10. Which of the following is important to remember when using group tests?

*b. Discrepancies in scores between group tests and other measures should be investigated.

18. The Developmental Quotient (DQ) is employed in the

*b. Gesell Developmental Schedules.

6. Which of the following makes it difficult to interpret racial differences in test performance?

*b. Increasing numbers of individuals will not report their race when asked.

4. Which individual played a major role in the use and investigation of Rorschach?

*b. Klopfer

20. Which of the following tests may help college students choose a major?

*b. Kuder Occupational Interest Survey

3. ____ psychology is the study and practice of job analysis, job recruitment, employee selection, and the evaluation of employee, while ____ psychology is the study and practice of leadership, job satisfaction, and employee motivation.

*b. Personnel; organizational

17. In 1996, California passed ____, a measure that made the preferential treatment based on demographic characteristics illegal.

*b. Proposition 209

18. Which of the following is true of test security?

*b. Test security cannot be predicted at the expense of an individual's right to know the basis of adverse decisions.

15. Which of the following is a key component of No Child Left Behind?

*b. Tests of student progress are used to assess student progress and hold schools accountable.

12. Of the infant and preschool tests, the youngest age range is covered by

*b. The Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale.

8. Which of the following is an advantage of group tests?

*b. They require minimal examiner skill to administer and score.

14. Under what circumstances have clinicians been found to provide better prediction than actuarial data?

*b. When clinicians consider additional sources of data such as test batteries, interviews or test histories

16. Under what circumstances is informed consent not required for testing?

*b. When testing is ordered by the courts

18. What test was, in effect, a paper-pencil psychiatric interview?

*b. Woodworth Personal Data Sheet

17. The first personality inventory was called the

*b. Woodworth Personal Data Sheet.

3. Most existing tests are presumed to measure

*b. a stable entity.

20. Meagan grew up in a small rural town where she was a top student in her school. She was active in the Agricultural Club, but had not had an opportunity to travel, or attend plays, operas, and formal dinners. She did not score well on an intelligence test that asked questions about these types of events. Her low score reflects

*b. a violation of content validity.

8. If an employer declined applicants from specific minorities based on a psychological test result, that illustrates

*b. adverse impact.

7. After suffering from a stroke, Louise has problems dressing and seems to have trouble telling her right from her left. She also has trouble reading because

*b. affected the left hemisphere of her brain.

4. In comparison to the Binet and Wechsler Scales, alternative forms

*b. are not as psychometrically sound.

20. Cognitive-behavioral self-report techniques

*b. attempt to deal with the problems in obtaining observational data.

6. Most of the work in neuropsychology is directed toward the assessment of

*b. brain dysfunction.

3. Tests based on behavior modification and used as an alternative to traditional tests are known as

*b. cognitive-behavioral assessments.

11. Validity of an aptitude test relies heavily on ____ oriented evidence.

*b. criterion

8. What kind of score is used when a decision is dichotomous?

*b. cutting

18. The type of analysis that starts by finding equivalent subgroups of various test takers and then comparing their performance on specific test questions is known as

*b. differential item functioning analysis.

18. One of the most interesting issues with the four-fifths rule is that

*b. efforts to recruit minority group members reduce the percentage hired from that group.

12. The evaluation of the frequency, intensity, and duration of a behavior is known as

*b. establishing a baseline.

12. The factor proposed by Mirsky related to a child's ability to scan information and respond in a meaningful way is called

*b. focus execute.

10. Brain damage that effects information-processing skills involved in the retrieval of information is likely to be located in the

*b. frontal lobes.

9. The 1978 Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures provides

*b. guidelines for the use of psychological tests in education and industry.

11. Wernicke's aphasia is characterized by

*b. impaired verbal comprehension.

11. The Brazelton Scale

*b. lacks predictive validity.

19. According to the EEOC guidelines for criterion validity in statistical relationship,

*b. no more than one in twenty relationships between selection procedure scores and criterion measures should happen by chance.

14. A major drawback of the Brazelton Scale is that

*b. no norms are available.

19. The developmental quotient (DQ)

*b. parallels the Mental Age (MA) concept.

8. Early demonstrations of the Rorschach included validation by

*b. performance of individuals who analyzed the responses of individuals they had never met, making a diagnosis, and validating the diagnosis against other data sources.

6. The SCII improved on the SVIB by

*b. reducing gender bias in the scales.

8. An individual with difficulty writing, impaired visual perception, and paralysis of a limb that they deny is paralyzed, might be suspected of having damage to which brain hemisphere?

*b. right hemisphere

14. Which procedure is designed to minimize the effect that the presence of an observer has on the behavior that is being observed?

*b. self-report

8. Behavioral dispositions are

*b. stable and lasting traits.

2. Rules that are written by a legislative body at any governmental level are known as

*b. statutes.

4. A test has adverse impact if it

*b. systematically rejects higher proportions of minority than non-minority individuals.

18. A base rate is

*b. the proportion of people with a defined condition in the general population.

10. Sawyer (1966) and Sines (1970) examined studies in which test results were interpreted by a set of rules and compared them to studies in which trained professionals interpreted the test results. They found that

*b. the set of rules was more accurate than the trained professionals.

7. Researchers who have reviewed the literature on employment interviews almost unanimously recommend

*b. the use of a structured interview.

1. Two major professional issues in testing are

*b. theoretical concerns and the adequacy of tests.

6. When women apply for an entry-level management position, wear perfume, and convey friendliness through nonverbal behaviors,

*b. they are negatively viewed, perhaps because they seem manipulative.

15. A 2011 survey of independent practitioners about their use of technology found that

*b. they were unsure about what uses of computer technology were ethical and which were unethical.

10. Suppose you scored very high on the Dentist Scale of the SCII. This would suggest that

*b. your interests are similar to those of people who say they are happy working as dentists.

6. The EEOC requires organizations with more than ____ employees to complete an annual form that specifies the number of women and members of four minority groups who are employed in nine job categories within that organization.

*c. 100

14. The Easy Buy corporation uses a test of interpersonal skills to select employees. Experience indicates that 70% of women who score above a cutting score will be hired. Under the four-fifths rule, what percentage of men must be selected?

*c. 56%

15. Which of the following is characteristic of aptitude tests?

*c. Aptitude tests measure the effects of unknown and uncontrolled experiences.

2. Who first introduced the Rorschach to the United States?

*c. David Levy

10. Under current guidelines, what must an employer do if a selection procedure has adverse impact?

*c. Demonstrate the procedure's validity in making the inferences the employer wants to make.

14. Which of the following is true of biased test items?

*c. Elimination of biased items does not eliminate test score differences.

2. The difference between I/O psychology and human resource management is that

*c. I/O psychology emphasizes quantitative methods.

16. In one study on content bias in elementary reading tests, groups of experts were able to inspect the test and eliminate items that were potentially biased toward the majority group. How did this affect the differences between scores obtained by groups of majority and minority students?

*c. It had little or no effect.

18. Which of the following is true of the Henmon-Nelson Test?

*c. It has a low ceiling and does not discriminate well at high levels of intelligence.

13. Which of the following is true of decision and utility theory?

*c. It requires information that is difficult to estimate.

14. One notable difference between the CISS and the KOIS is that

*c. KOIS has separate norms for males and females.

9. Which ability test preceded the development of the Binet scale?

*c. Seguin Form Board Test

10. A heavy emphasis was placed on speed in performance of the

*c. Seguin Form Board Test.

16. A cutting score is

*c. a decision point.

7. The model by Cacioppo, Berntson, and Anderson (1991) indicates

*c. a distinct effect on behavior by the social environment.

1. Personality is defined as an individual's patterns of behavior that

*c. are relatively stable and enduring and characterize a person's reactions to the environment.

7. According to Holland's six personality factors, an individual that enjoys self-expression and being dramatic would fall on the ____ factor.

*c. artistic

14. The Trail Making Tests evaluates several cognitive skills, including

*c. attention, sequencing, and thought processing.

2. Which type of therapy is based on principles of learning?

*c. behavior modification

17. Pat is constantly cleaning and re-cleaning the house and cannot seem to stop doing so. Pat's behavior is beginning to interfere in other areas of life and cause others, as well as Pat, great concern and distress. Pat's behavior would be described as a(n)

*c. behavioral excess.

3. Before a statute becomes a law, it is known as a(n)

*c. bill.

8. Before proposed statutes become law, they are called

*c. bills.

1. The scientific discipline that examines psychological impairments of the central nervous system, and the therapeutic or educational techniques designed to bring about improvement, is known as ____.

*c. clinical neuropsychology

18. The DW response on the Rorschach is a(n)

*c. confabulatory response.

10. Which strategy makes extensive use of cross-validation?

*c. criterion-group

4. At the broadest level, strategies for the development of personality tests can be divided into what two types?

*c. deductive and empirical

20. In general, NCLB

*c. did not have strong evidence that educational level was improved.

7. Qualitative interpretation of the Rorschach is useful in

*c. differentiating between normal and disordered conditions.

18. Neuropsychological evaluations and ____ analysis have been used in order to identify malingering in patients who had previously had brain damage.

*c. discriminate function

19. If an applicant is selected on the basis of test performance, but fails on the job, the situation is described as a

*c. false positive.

6. Alternative individual intelligence tests

*c. find their major advantage when used for their own unique purposes.

11. Flaugher (1978) contends that arguments about test bias were based on misunderstandings because test developers

*c. focus on overall test performance and how it correlates with an external criteria.

14. The two phases of Rorschach administration are called

*c. free association and inquiry.

16. Examinations of the psychometric properties of the KOIS indicate

*c. good reliability and predictive validity measures.

17. A clear case of test bias is when regression lines describing the relationship between test and criterion for two different groups

*c. have different slopes.

17. The percent of cases in which a test accurately predicts success or failure is known as the

*c. hit rate.

3. When utilizing the results of group tests, it is wise to

*c. include the scores as only a part of the data.

11. Use of the Kuder-Richardson formula

*c. increases estimates of reliability.

17. Which of the following is not a scoring category of the Rorschach?

*c. inquiry

20. Which of the following types of tests typically predicts general ability?

*c. intelligence

5. Studies that examined the stability of interest patterns indicated that

*c. interest patterns were established by about age 17.

16. Dyslexia

*c. is characterized by difficulty decoding single words.

16. Cognitive-behavioral self-reports are best used in conjunction with other sources of information because

*c. little psychometric data is available for any of them.

12. The two deductive strategies of test construction are the

*c. logical-content and theoretical.

9. When a false negative rate is high, test makers may

*c. lower the cutoff.

15. In order for a test to be considered useful, it must provide more information than would be known by

*c. making a decision without a test.

7. Scoring of group tests is ____ objective and ____ reliable than scoring of many individual tests.

*c. more; more

1. In practice, employment interviews involve a search for

*c. negative information.

3. Clinical neuropsychology and ___ both focus on sensations and perceptions and on motor movements

*c. neurology

1. Much of the controversy regarding testing has centered on the finding that on average, the IQ scores of African Americans are

*c. one standard deviation below the scores of white Americans.

7. A behavioral assessment that involves evaluating the current frequency of a behavior, designing a treatment intervention using reinforcement, and then evaluating the effect of the treatment relative to a baseline, is based on

*c. operant conditioning.

13. Your textbook presents the case of a patient who exhibited deterioration in performance on the Draw-a-Clock task, which was administered three times from 1996 to 1999. The pattern of the patient's performance indicated that

*c. parietal lobe functioning had deteriorated.

1. An individual test

*c. provides information about the unique attributes of the examinee.

4. An organized and relatively consistent set of assumptions that a person has about himself/herself is called a(n)

*c. self-concept

17. The expectation that a person has about their ability to perform the tasks associated with a particular occupation is known as

*c. self-efficacy.

11. A major criticism of the Strong Vocational Interest Blank was

*c. sex bias.

7. An IQ score based on one of the alternative tests

*c. should generally not be used interchangeably with a score from one of the major scales.

13. Section 9 of the 1991 Civil Rights Act

*c. specifically prohibits discriminatory use of test scores.

3. Mrs. Bauer is normally a very happy person, but she recently learned her son had a chronic illness and has been somewhat gloomy and pessimistic. This behavior is typical of a personality ____.

*c. state

9. Wernicke's aphasia involves damage to the

*c. superior temporal gyrus.

6. The principal distinguishing characteristic of the logical-content strategy is that it assumes that the

*c. test item describes a subject's personality and behavior.

6. One of the advantages of group tests is (are)

*c. that they minimize the amount of professional time.

19. One difference between the KOIS and the SCII in item format is that

*c. the KOIS presents the test-taker with triads of (set of 3) alternative activities.

19. Form quality is a scoring dimension that refers to

*c. the extent to which the response matched the stimulus qualities of the inkblot.

9. Which of the following models assumes that overt manifestations of psychopathology are only symptoms of an underlying problem?

*c. the medical model

5. The real dispute about racial differences in intelligence test results is

*c. why the differences exist.

1. The amendment that guarantees all citizens due process and equal protection under the law is the ____ Amendment.

*d. 14th

5. When there has been one unfavorable impression in an interview, ____ of the interviewees are rejected; when there have been only positive impressions, ____ are rejected.

*d. 90%; 25%

16. The organization most responsible for getting the Educational Testing Service to revise some of their policies was the

*d. NYPIRG.

9. What should an educator or teacher do when wide discrepancies exist between a test score and other sources of data?

*d. Refer the subject for individual testing.

12. Which of the following statements is true?

*d. Scores on both the Kuder and the SCII remain stable over the course of time.

4. Which of the following is an advantage of individually-administered tests?

*d. They allow individualized interpretation.

7. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission was created by

*d. Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.

8. Which of the following is true of ability tests other than the Binet and Wechsler tests?

*d. While some focus on a wide range of abilities, most focus on a narrow range.

12. Which of the following is needed for Taylor-Russell tables?

*d. a definition of success

9. The authors of your textbook have suggested that one reason for the relatively poor long-term reliability of personality tests is because

*d. although people exhibit a core of stability, they continually change.

15. Test-retest reliability coefficients for the Brazelton Scale

*d. are both poor and unstable.

19. The concussion resolution index

*d. can assess neuropsychological problems when other reports are normal.

5. In comparison to the Binet and Wechsler scales, the alternative individual ability tests

*d. can be used for specific populations.

2. Dr. Jackson, a psychologist, works in a rehabilitation facility that handles patients with injury or disease of the brain and/or spinal cord. His job is to identify and describe the dysfunction that is present, to use statistical procedures to quantify that dysfunction, and to design an appropriate treatment plan for the patient. It is likely that Dr. Jackson is a specialist in

*d. clinical neuropsychology.

8. The major distinction between cognitive-behavioral and traditional self-report procedures is that

*d. cognitive-behavioral assessment has concentrated on the phenomenon of fear.

10. When traditional and cognitive-behavioral procedures are compared,

*d. cognitive-behavioral procedures are more related to treatment.

11. The two empirical strategies of test construction are the

*d. criterion group and factor analytic.

17. Which of the following is of particular concern when computers are used to score and interpret the results of complex psychological tests?

*d. dehumanization

19. The most clear-cut case of test bias is shown when the regression lines for two groups have ____ slopes and ____ intercepts.

*d. different; different

8. David is very active politically and generally likes to be the leader of any group he joins. According to Holland's six personality factors, David is likely to fall on the ____ factor.

*d. enterprising

15. Which approach examines common variance?

*d. factor analytic strategy

19. Which of the following problems are inappropriate for operant techniques?

*d. general dissatisfaction with life

2. In general, a paper and pencil test is representative of

*d. group tests.

20. On the basis of a psychological test, an individual is identified as schizophrenic. An interview reveals schizophrenic thinking and a history of psychiatric hospitalization. This case best illustrates a

*d. hit.

5. According to your text, the real issue in testing is

*d. how tests are used.

17. Dyslexia is an example of a

*d. learning disability.

5. Dr. Moore was convinced he would not be able to help his client control his compulsive overeating, unless he discovered the reason behind the behavior. Therefore, the tests he used were intended to examine these underlying causes. Dr. Moore was following the

*d. medical model.

11. Studies on actuarial vs. clinical prediction by Meehl, Sawyer, and Sines have indicated that a set of rules is

*d. more accurate than the interpretations of trained professional practitioners even when they know the rules.

7. Decisions forbidding the placement of black children in EMR classes on the basis of standardized test scores are typically made by

*d. the judicial system.

9. Which strategy is likely to use item analysis in order to create a homogeneous scale?

*d. theoretical

17. Normative data for the Gesell Scale

*d. was not representative of the population.

2. Alternative individual ability tests

a. are often not as reliant on a verbal response as are the Binet and Wechsler scales.