SCCJA CUMULATIVE

what are some examples of issues that should be taken into consideration while setting priorities for handling a collision?

Types and number of injuries sustained, Hazardous material spills, Downed electrical line, Blocked or obstructed roadways, evidence preservation, manpower availability for traffic control and related duties

Yellow section in ERG

UN ID numbers

Roadway has two names, example-US 176 and US 76 what number should be used

US 76, always take the lowest of numbers

Dry firing is allowed only

Under supervision of an instructor

UTT stands for

Uniform traffic ticket

Golden Rule

Uniformed officer is in charge-do not argue, comply, limit movements, identify self, advise info on suspect

Preservation of evidence begins when?

Upon arrival

Dealing with Traumatized victims support while interviewing

Use first person language Preserve dignity and choice Be open Avoid retraumatizing the victim Be present and in the moment Sit down, do not stand over Do not judge them

Countermeasures In ambushes

Use force reasonable and necessary, fight back, withdraw from threat, find cover and concealment, seek assistance

Graham vs. Connor

Use of force ( reasonable) and (necessary)

When searching

Use quadrant system with overlap from top to bottom

Best way to test PPE mask

Vacuum test, with or without the filter

Haz-Mat risk they pose

Very damaging to the environment, wildlife and human life

Self abuse/neglect

Victims become frustrated when they are no longer able to care for themselves because they lose a sense of independence. They realize they have become dependent on family, friends and strangers to provide their basic needs. In addition, mental or physical challenges may lead the adult to grieve or even despise being in a body that simply no longer works. Because of this victims may experience depression, unhappiness and express a wish to end their lives so that they will no longer be a burden to those who are caring for them.

Law enforcement has to give the jail what information when taking someone to jail

Victims information- name, phone number, address

When approaching stopped vehicle remember

Violator is watching, safely latch ur door,do dodge around exercise, secure trunk on approach

U Visa

Violent crime victims

Reaction

Voluntary or involuntary response to a hazard

State operated facilities must be reported to

Vulnerable Adults Investigations Unit of the South Carolina Law Enforcement Division (SLED)

Legal entries

Warrant, arrest warrant for suspect, consent from key holder, exigent circumstances for public safety and emergency searches to preserve evidence when being destroyed or removed

Harris technique

Weak hand holds flashlight and crosses under the strong hand. The back of each hand is pressed against the other.

Most important items when off duty

Weapon and credentials

Bladed ready

Weapon is out just below eye level, body slightly bladed

SCCJA recommends

Wearing of level 111A w shock plate or vest should stop the round you carry

Indicators to look for in vulnerable adult that may tell if he/ she is being abused or neglected

Well kept Dressed Have utilities in house Smell/odor Nutrition Isolated Visual injuries, marks, or bruises Treatment of the adult Adult is Restrained/restricted/ ties down

Types of Questions (Funnel Approach)

When considering the manner in which an interview should begin, it is a recommended to ask open-ended questions. These questions require explanation and tend to provide a great deal of information up front.

Approach

When en route to call look for suspicious activity, use light and sound discipline

Chimel v. California

When or if arrest is made, it is reasonable to search

Dodge or wrap around exercise is

When the officer leaves cover of his cruiser

Proper distance to stop behind the violator is

When the rear tires meet the hood of ur vehicle

Secondly contact

When vehicle disengages, rotates or strikes a second time

points of impacts

Where a unit strikes another unit or object or overturns

Necessary

Which must be done, is mandatory or compelled by circumstances

Best way to search any crime scene

With a warrant

Responsibility for solving crimes lies

With all police personnel

Garages or repair shops shall report accidents or bullet damages

Within 24 hrs after vehicle is received

Methods of recording evidence

Written reports, field sketches, photographs, video recordings

Respect the victims coping strategies which may be

Yelling Crying Smoking

#1 Responsibility

You are #1 at the scene of collision and to keep collision from getting worse

hate crime

a criminal offense against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offender's bias against a race, ethnicity, ancestry, religion, sexual orientation, disability, gender, and gender identity

Juvenile Arbitration Program -

a program where a juvenile agrees to punishment determined by the arbitrator, in conjunction with the victim, the juvenile's parent or guardian, law enforcement, and the community. for first time offenders.

active shooter

a suspect whose activity is immediately causing death and bodily injury. The activity is not contained and there is immediate risk of death and serious injury to potential victims

Domestic violence is:

a systematic, comprehensive method of controlling an intimate partner or family member through physical, sexual is the most difficult to discuss, emotional, psychological, or financial abuse.

custodial release

a written promise obtained from the adult whom a juvenile is released to

Verbal Characteristics of Potential Untruthful Behavior

a. A truthful person will give definitive answers; he/she will not qualify the response ("Yes, I was there."). b. A deceitful person will qualify his/her answers. c. A truthful person will be emphatic, or tell the interviewer that witnesses/fingerprints are wrong. A deceitful person will suggest that the interviewer could be wrong. d. A truthful person will become angry when accused and will not calm easily or quickly. e. A deceitful person will take a long time to answer questions; a truthful person will not. f. A deceitful person will lie with specific details.

Considerations: Personal Data

a. Age - elderly and very young will require special consideration b. Race c. Sex d. Ethnic group e. Education

Police Investigation

a. Assign only one officer to interview the victim(s) b. Protect the anonymity of victim whenever possible c. Explain to victim and witnesses the likely sequence of event d. Refer victim to support services in the community; e. Tell victim how to contact the police department to obtain further information on the case f. Report the suspected hate crime to the supervisor on duty g. Refer media representatives to the supervisor on duty or public information officer h. Document the incident thoroughly on department report forms i. Assist investigators in making any other reports that may be required under federal or state guidelines and laws

Considerations: Attitude

a. Cooperative - Usually the easiest to deal with, but be careful with someone who is too eager. b. Reluctant - Not unusual, but find out why: (1) Do not have time to get involved (2) Afraid of retaliation (3) Do not like police (4) Bad previous experience (5) Peer pressure c. Hostile - Why? (1) Be alert, hostile people can become aggressive people. (2) If possible, have back-up

Elements of investigating the scene:

a. Describe the conditions of the scene (become your own best witness) b. List actions taken by the officer(s); arrest, detain, advise, etc. (to bring closure to a call; all actions taken by the officer(s); be thorough) c. Take photographs; collect and document evidence (include the case number on all related evidence/documents collected) (remember the chain of custody)

considerations: Attitude of Interviewer

a. Do Nots (1) Do not pre-judge. (2) Do not let prejudice or biases show. (3) Do not show anger. (4) Do not be sarcastic. b. Dos (1) Be pleasant, polite, and interested in what the interviewee is saying. (2) Keep the parties informed. Explain what will happen next and let him/her know why you are asking certain questions. (3) Detain for as little time as possible; cooperation is a two-way street!

Police Support Law enforcement officers must be mindful that victims of a hate crime may not come forward for a variety of reasons. According to the IACP (2020), these reasons may include:

a. Fear of re-victimization or retaliation b. Fear of having privacy compromised c. For gays and lesbians, fear of repercussions from being "outted" to family and employers d. Fear of law enforcement and uncertainty about justice agency responses e. For aliens, fear of jeopardizing immigration status, being reported to ins or deportation f. Humiliation or shame about being victimized g. Lack of a support system h. Cultural and language barriers

Intolerance is based on:

a. Ignorance b. Indifference c. Limited Perception

Movements to Locate Suspect(s)

a. Line of sight/heavy fire from suspect(s) may dictate entry point and breaching methods. Move quickly and efficiently to engage active shooter. b. Controlled Directed Fire may be necessary while additional officers maneuver/deploy. c. If available, use cover and concealment while moving. Cover stops bullets; concealment only hides you from view. d. Cover and movement tactics can be used to move across large open areas. -Interior movement and clearing techniques (1-2-3-4-5 officer dynamic movement). Dynamic movement by officers involves speed, surprise and shock of action to gain a tactical advantage. -Upon entering, if the location of the active shooter is known or there are signs or indicators (gunshots, injured victims or cries for help) tending to establish the location of the shooter, officers should move immediately and aggressively to engage the active shooter. -Once the immediate threat is eliminated officers can conduct a deliberate clearing of the location room by room.

List some Reasons for Taking Field Notes:

a. Memory aid- Information written down as soon after the event as possible will be the best resource the officer can use to complete the incident report. b. Key to other records Field notes should often be supplemented by photographs, sketches, field-inquiry reports, lab reports, the chain of custody forms, etc. c. Investigative aid-When investigating an incident, it is difficult to gather information in a logical or chronological order. d. Protection- By keeping a log of activities, officers have a written record to fall back on should any discrepancies arise concerning their actions or lack thereof. e. Evaluation- Well-written field notes provide a source for self-evaluation. f. Memorandum or official information- The field notebook is the perfect place to make notes on field interviews with individuals that do not lead to an arrest.

Elements of writing a disposition:

a. Note the particulars of the arrest if applicable or what other action was taken b. Note the location of the suspect and list appropriate charges c. List recovery of any property/contraband d. Record any follow-up activities

Elements of victim/witness/suspect statements:

a. Note what they stated they saw, did or heard, etc. b. Use direct quotes; "use their words" to include profanity, excited utterances, etc.

Determining Bias Motivation

a. Perceptions of the victim(s) and witnesses about the crime b. The perpetrator's comments, gestures or written statements that reflect bias, including graffiti or other symbols c. Any differences between perpetrator and victim d. Similar incidents in the same location or neighborhood to determine whether a pattern exists e. Whether the victim was engaged in activities promoting his/her group or community f. Whether the incident coincided with a holiday or data of particular significance g. Involvement of organized hate groups or their members h. Absence of any other motive such as economic gain

Arrival on Scene Of An Active Shooting

a. Pick a secure deployment location. Quickly check gear. Orient yourself without coming under fire. b. Coordinate with other units. Ensure supervisors and dispatch knows you are on scene and where/when you intend to deploy/go c. Base intelligence on what you see and hear upon arrival (smoke, fire, victim bodies, blood, gunshots or silence).

Initial Deployment - En-route Tasks

a. Rapid deployment to an active shooter is an emergency response. Since the #1 objective is to find, confront and stop the deadly behavior (Locate, Isolate, and Control), officers should respond in emergency code with blue lights and siren! b. Obtain pertinent intelligence (description of shooter, location and building diagram). c. Determine initial deployment location. d. Determine ETA of other responding officers and coordinate initial deployment from secure location.

Elements of Gathering preliminary information:

a. Source of call b. Type of incident (Has there been a crime committed?) c. Location, weather conditions

Who Reads Reports?

a. Supervisors b. Follow up Investigators c. Attorneys Solicitors d. Judges e. Back up officers f. Victims g. Civil Courts Attorneys h. Probation officers i. Advocates j. The media

Considerations: status(Emotions and Attitudes)

a. Victim (physical condition) b. Witness c. Suspect d. Officers must be able to evaluate information provided by persons who are emotionally charged during an incident. This information, coupled with facts, should be taken into consideration while attempting to verify reliability and credibility of a witness.

Arguments for Hate Crime Legislation

a. Victim may suffer more psychological trauma. b. Victim may suffer more physical trauma. c. Hate crimes may have a wider impact. d. Hate crimes may spark retaliation or community unrest.

Considerations: Emotional State

a. victim - emotional - physical condition b. witness - attitude - emotional state c. suspect - attitude - emotional state

having enough power or skill to do something

ability

what elements must be present in order for deadly force to be used?

ability, opportunity, and jeopardy

according to Peel, what is the test of police efficiency?

absence of crime and disorder

the majority of collisions are caused by a drivers failure to

adjust to the existing conditions

Confidentiality regarding fingerprints and photographs?

agency must not share fingerprint or photographs with other agencies unless they need assistance in apprehending an escapee, to locate a missing juvenile, etc.

what is the oldest, most universal, widely abused drugs?

alcohol

double action only

all rounds are fired double action, no single action capability

single action semiautomatic

all rounds fired single action

Pennsylvania vs Mimms

allows an officer to order the DRIVER OUT of a vehicle following a lawful traffic stop.

Supplemental Incident Report

also referred to as the Overflow Page, is used for information that will not fit on page one, such as additional victims, suspects or witnesses, additional stolen property, or additional narrative. This page can also be used as part of the original report or to add to, delete from, or change an original report later. This page can be used in any number necessary. As with page two, this page is used to add or modify the original at a later time than the original

incident report:

always page one of any original documentation. No matter how many pages the finished report is, never use more than one of page one. If more space is necessary, then choose from the other two pages.

a degenerative brain disorder which accounts for 60-80% of memory disorder and dementia cases:

alzheimers disease

after reviewing collision circumstances, request additional assistance including but limited to:

ambulance, EMS, firefighting equipment, tow trucks

field sketches

an accurate, complete and detailed sketch of the collision scene is needed and used for evaluation and court purposes

prejudice is defined as:

an injury or damage resulting from some judgement or action of another in disregard of one's rights

collision

any event that results in injury, death or property damage attributed directly or indirectly to the motion of a motor vehicle or its load

Incapacitating Injury

any injury which prevents the injured person from walking, driving or normally continuing the activities he was capable of performing before the injury occurred. including: severe lacerations, broken or distorted limbs, skull or chest injuries, abdominal injuries

secondary crime scene

any subsequent scenes

What are areas of domination?

areas that officers control and allow officers a shooting position that dominates and covers a large area

the US supreme court was ordained by the US constitution in:

article III, section I

P.A.S.S technique is used to aid in:

assisting a user in deploying a fire extinguisher

how old must one be in order to apply for a beginner's permit?

at least 15

located under the slide, guides the bullet out of the weapon

barrel

located around the muzzle on front of the slide

barrel bushing

How can you gain the trust of a victim during a interview?

be patient and understanding, respect their wishes, assure them it is not their fault.

when were asylums created?

beginning of the 16th century

what three things do incident reports need?

beginning, middle, and end. lots of detail not opinion establish jurisdiction and establish the nature of the relationship.

what to look for to tell if someone is being trafficked?

being controlled, inability to move, signs of battering, fear of communicating, lack of passport.

this disorder is also called manic depressive illness:

bipolar disorder

autism is usually diagnosed within what time frame according to your SCCJA manual?

birth to 3 years

injury

bodily harm to a person

mutual combat equals what?

both parties fighting definition: a condition or circumstance in which the parties involved agree to a voluntary confrontation

Field Notebook

can be a spiral or loose-leaf binder, but it should be small enough to fit into the shirt or pants pocket because it needs to be carried ON the officer's person.

why should law enforcement be observant?

can lead to suspicions. Suspicions should lead to questions. Questions should lead to answers. Answers may lead to probable cause,

On March 1, 2011, DEA published a final order in Federal Register temp. placing 5 synthetic

cannabinoids into Schedule I of the CSA

Who should translate for law enforcement?

certified translator

what are some signs of strangulation?

change of voice, memory loss, loss of bowl control, headache, vision changes, vomiting etc.

an individual who engages in any type of sexual activity with individuals legally defined as children:

child molester

Domestic Violence of a High and Aggravated Nature:

class: felony court: general sessions elements: commits the offense under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life and great bodily injury to the victim results, using a deadly weapon, causing stupor or loss of consciousness for any period of time, presents of a minor, person known to be pregnant, robbery burglary theft, block phone from calling emergency services.

deliberate Intent

classification given to the cause of an event which occurs when a person acts deliberately to cause the event or deliberately refrains from prudent acts which would prevent occurrence of the event includes: suicide, self inflicted injury, homicide, injury or damage purposely inflicted

what was the first written law on record for the crime and punishment of rape?

code of hammurabi

what is the most commonly used interviewing technique used by LEO's?

combination

a driver of a moped, motorcycle, or bicycle may proceed through the intersection on a steady red light ONLY when the driver:

comes to a full and complete stop for 120 seconds

Amphetamine for medical use are

commonly used for ADD or ADHD

what are legal ways to enter a resident on a DV call?

consent, if they need immediate aid, probable cause to effect an arrest to prevent domestic abuse to family members, emergent circumstances.

what kind of searches can law enforcement do in DV incidents?

consent, plain view, search incident to arrest, search warrant.

If you notice a "medic alert" tag/card/bracelet what should you do?

convey any information to appropriate personnel

what is law enforcements responsibilities to give to victims?

copy of incident report, assist them to apply for victims' compensation benefits, inform them on the progress of the case.

class 8

corrosive

use barricade for _______________ not support

cover and concealment

C.A.T-

crime analysis team

Every call for service has the potential to turn into a:

crime scene

what features should flashlights be equipped with?

dead man switch, should be non reflective, should be durable

In showing extreme indifference to the value of human life during the crime of domestic violence of a high and aggravated nature what do we have to show?

deadly weapon, stagulation causing stupor or loss of consciousness for any period of time

how should we answer questions in court?

directly and truthfully

When law enforcement arrives on scene what do they want to do and what do they not want to do?

do's: activate cameras, wait for backup if possible, dont's: don't park in front of the house, don't run lights and sirens,

cardinal rule: if there is even the slightest doubt while confronting a suspect(s)

don't shoot!

Methamphetamine production at homemade

drug labs continue to grow

how long should a juvenile be held in secure confinement or holding faculty?

during secure confinement they should be held for no longer than 6 hours and out of sight and sound from adults. they can be held in temporary facilities for a period of 48 hours before trial in family court.

where spent shell casing exits the weapon

ejection port

in the frame of most semiautomatics; ejects the spent cartridge out of the weapon

ejector

Trespass Upon the Grounds or Structure of a Domestic Violence Shelter:

elements: has been charged with or convicted of Domestic Violence or Domestic Violence of a High and Aggravated Nature, who is subject to an order of protection, or who is subject to a restraining order, to enter or remain upon the grounds or structure of a domestic violence shelter in which the person's household member resides or the domestic violence shelter's administrative offices, no trespassing signs up.

what four ways do victims respond to Trama short term?

emotional, physical, cognitive, behavioral.

NIJ (National Institute of Justice) standard

establishes minimum performance requirements and test methods for the ballistic resistance of personal body armor designed to protect the torso against gunfire

an "operator" means

every person who drives or is in actual physical control of a motor vehicle upon a highway or who is exercising control over or steering a vehicle being towed by a motor vehicle

a "driver" means:

every person who drives or is in an actual physical control of a vehicle

Domestic violence of a high and aggravated nature what bodily injury is needed?

extreme indifference to the value of human life, great bodily injury.

common officer communication errors include

failure to tell dispatch your current location

stickers are not allowed to be placed on license plates (T/F)

false

who has primary jurisdiction on issuing ordering protection and wo has secondary how long does a normal order take? and how long does emergency protection order take?

family court has primary, magistrate has secondary, normal time 5 to 15 days. emergency 24 hours.

The Five Stages of an Active Shooter Incident

fantasy stage planning stage preparation stage approach stage implementation stage

What's the biggest fears in immigrate populations?

fear of deportation, don't know there rights, translation issues,

why do men always not report DV?

fear of not being believed, fear of losing his children to his wife if they divorce, lack of resources, and being mistaken as the aggressor

can be either spring loaded or inertia, located in slide

firing pin, striker

what are the procedures to be used when taking a juvenile into custody.

first assess the situation and determine if a law has been broken that would require a "charge or case be made, procedures for taking the child into custody will begin by contacting the on-call counselor for the Department of Juvenile Justice

Primary contact

first contact between the two collision vehicles, or the location in which a single vehicle struck a fixed object, or an overturning vehicle struck the roadway

Before being issued PPE, a person should be

fit tested

Tennessee v. Garner enacted the:

fleeing felon doctrine

Oxygen, nitrogen, Chlorine and argon are

forms of gas

main part of the weapon, can be made of steel, alloy, or polymer

frame

how do we need to separate the two parties in a DV call?

from each other's sight and sound.

sexual arousal by rubbing one's self against a non consenting stranger in public defines:

frotteurism

What three ways do you need to take pictures of a DV scene?

full body, mid-range, closeup got to show its measurement.

which court sets bond in cases that can result in life sentences?

general sessions

Stereotypes:

generalizations about a group where a defined set of characteristics is attributed to this group; they can be positive or negative.

If the suspect has fled and we have probable cause, what do we need to do?

get a warrant and make sure it's put into NCIC.

What level of injury is required in DV 1st degree?

great bodily injury or offer or attempt to cause great bodily injury, violates a protective order and in the process commits domestic violence in the second degree, has two or more prior convictions within 10 years, uses a firearm in any manner. extenuating circumstances: presence of a minor, victim is pregnant, attempt to block someone from use of their cell phone with threatened use of force or use of force.

How do you set up an investigative plan?

guard yourself against snap judgements, be flexible, be aware that some collisions are staged, be aware that some collisions can be homicide or suicide

a habitual offender is someone who:

had committed three or more offenses as described in subsections a, b, and c in section 56-1-1020 in the SC code of laws during a 3 year period

A person who harbors stereotypes, intolerance, or prejudicial attitudes and uses this as his/her basis during the commission of a crime may be charged with a:

hate crime

Places to avoid traffic stops

hills, curves, heavily trafficked and poor lit areas, roads without shoulders

believed that there are 4 essential fluids in the human body and when those fluids became imbalanced, mental illness occurs

hippocrates

license plates issued for motor vehicles must be attached to the outside of the vehicle and, open to view, and must be fastened securely in a _________ and __________ position

horizontal; upright

statutory definition individual-

human being

When can a child be detained in a juvenile detention center?

if he committed a violent crime, if the child is a flight risk to others, and if the crime involved a weapon.

what can officers say in DV incidents?

if you need us call us, call us again if you need any help, please call us if the aggressor comes back.

Definition of IED:

improvised explosive device

what is the proper and sensitive ways to perform a death or emergency notification?

in person, as soon as possible, in pairs, plain language, with compassion, and do a follow up.

a copy of every __________ ____________ written must be submitted to SLED, along with the booking report

incident report

objective information

includes such verifiable facts as the subject's address, the color of a vehicle, or the date and time of the incident

traffic enforcement programs

including prosecution in court, selective enforcement programs and driver licensing

traffic engineering programs

including public information, legislation and research to build better roads, cars, and provide better signage

traffic education programs

including public support, financial responsibility and public information

fatal injury

injury that results in death

what is the proper order of a radio transmission

intent to stop violators vehicle, location of the vehicle stop, the license #, nature of the stop, description of vehicle (CYMBALS), description of the occupants in the vehicle

What two things does law enforcement have to do when responding to a DV call?

investigate and do a incident report.

Leading circumstances in which LEOs engaged at time of death was

investigative or enforcement activities, or ambush

hostage/barricaded suspect response

involves setting up containment, perimeters, gathering information, and requesting appropriate resources locate, isolate, control

Parens Patriae-

is defined as the empowerment of the state to act on behalf of the child, provide care and/or protection, or the equivalent to that of the parent.

what is human trafficking?

is the commercial exchange for profit of human beings who are placed in situations where they are subjected to involuntary acts such as sexual exploitation, forced labor, and/or domestic servitude. trafficking involves process of using physical force, threats, promises of love, deception or other forms of coercion or intimidation to obtain, recruit, harbor, and transport people

great danger, peril, or to have ones life in danger

jeopardy

What two things must we establish in court in DV situations?

jurestiction, relationship

drug court-

juvenile charged with drug charged will be required to complete a program focused on treatment of addictions.

What is the most common cause of vehicle fires?

leaking or spilled fluids

how do you gain the attention of the violator?

light and sound

During a rapid deployment to an active shooter, the first priority is to:

locate and stop the threat

How does crimes affect victims?

loss sense of trust, and control, leaves them feeling vulnerable, traumatic stress, they are revictimized by the community response, media, law enforcement, family, service providers, and the court system

Characteristics of batters:

low self of stem, jealous, entitlement, isolation, verbal abuse to intimidate.

holds ammunition; loads into the grip of the weapon

magazine

lever or pushbutton on the frame allows you to take the magazine out of the weapon

magazine release

what are ways to interact with victims?

make sure they are safe, don't be biased, ask simple questions, avoid interrupting them. build rapport, take their statement, and a follow up.

victim

may or may not be a witness to the event, but can usually supply some information directly related to the call for service.

'Secure confinement'

means an area having bars or other restraints designed to hold one person or a group of persons at a law enforcement location for any period of time and for any reason.

define status offense as defined in Title 63 of the South Carolina Code of Laws.

means an offense which would not be a misdemeanor or felony if committed by an adult including, but not limited to, incorrigibility or beyond the control of parents, truancy, running away, playing or loitering in a billiard room, playing a pinball machine, or gaining admission to a theater by false identification

statutory definitions of victim-

means any individual who suffers direct or threatened physical, psychological, or financial harm as the result of the commission or attempted commission of a criminal offense

court definition under Title 63 of the South Carolina Code of Laws.

means family court

what is estimated to account for one half to 1 percent of all collisions?

mechanical failure

the criminal intent that is needed as part of the critical element of proof called:

mens rea

class 9

miscellaneous

K2 or spice

mixture of herbs and spices that is typically sprayed with a synthetic compound chemically similar to THC, fake weed, marketed as incense

What level of injury is needed for DV 2nd degree?

moderate bodily injury.

what percent of rape victims will never see their offender caught?

more than 98%

potentially uncooperative

most dangerous type of suspect to handcuff. the experienced criminal and the intoxicated suspect.

What is blood raking?

moving hands over bodies and checking to make sure there is no apparent blood loss

what court does not have civil jurisdiction?

municipal court

Wounded, bleeding, dying victims and fellow officers

must be bypassed until the threat has been eliminated.

are all collisions accidents?

no

striker fire

no hammer

what information does law enforcement need to know before arrival to a DV call?

number of people, call history, if there is any weapons, injuries, back up availability, nature of the call, form a plan of action prior to arrival.

The emotion and chaos of an active shooting scene will likely result in unreliable information regarding:

numbers and descriptions of suspects

subjective information

observations an officer makes at the scene of an incident. They include things such as the demeanor of a DUI suspect or the extent of injuries to a crime victim.

Psilocybin

obtained from certain mushrooms indigenous to tropical and subtropical regions of South America, Mexico, and the US. produces muscle relaxation, dilation of pupils, vivid visual and auditory distortions, and emotional disturbances.

Group prejudice

occurs when a person conforms to group norms because it appears that is what is expected

secondary contacts

occurs when a vehicle disengages from primary contact, rotates and strikes the opposing vehicle a second time

Personal prejudice

occurs when members of another racial/ethnic group are seen as threats to one's own personal interests

Interviewer's Behavior

officers must realize that the person is also observing his/her behavior as well.

when traveling in the opposite direction when would the driver of a motor vehicle not have to stop for a stopped school bus?

on a multi-lane highway or multi-lane private road

When doing a death notification what should you do?

once the diseased has been properly identified notify the next of kin asap, do it in person, with two people, don't do it outside ask to come in, be simple and direct, with compassion, and do a follow up, if they need a ride somewhere transport them.

what is the length of detention for juveniles who are being held in non-secure custody?

only for time necessary for identification, investigation, detention, intake screening, or waiting for release to parents.

When interviewing someone ask what?

open-ended questions, take notes, listen, don't assume.

night firing safety

operate on a code of silence, obey all safety rules, malfunctions shall be handled by instructors, not students

what are 2 types of law enforcement reports?

operational and administrative

combination of circumstances favorable for the purpose of time or a good chance or occasion to use ones ability. probable cause must still exist.

opportunity

weak handed shooting

palm to palm transfer of weapon from strong to weak hand with wrist and elbow locked, finger is not on trigger during the transfer. The non shooting hand is placed across the chest.

What are field notes?

personal observations recorded by the officer at the scene of an event or at the time information is first gathered

What is PPE?

personal protective equipment

prosecutable child abuse cases are built upon three critical factors:

physical evidence, witnesses, confessions

A _______________ ______________ is the unconscious and involuntary response that people say or show when they are under stress; the response can be verbal or nonverbal

physiological response

adult Jail-

place of detention for adults includes a state, county, or municipal police station, law enforcement lockup, or holding cell

Incident Transition

point in the incident where the "active shooter" stops his/her violent actions and trues to escape or barricades himself/herself

Possible health effects of hazardous materials include

poisoning, nausea and vomiting, headache, skin rashes, chemical burns

who generally investigated traffic collisions?

police

sexual explicit reproduction of a child's image defines:

pornography

Heroin identifiers

powder is white to dark brown, Mexican heroin known as: black tar, sticky like tar or hard like coal

What are our two biggest motivations behind DV?

power and control

What are some indicators that batters may use violence against there partner?

power, control, being served with papers, obssisve over there partner, drug and alcohol.

this type of molester uses seduction to lure a child, typically lacks the interpersonal skills, and is more likely to abduct and murder children:

preferential child molester

What's the four reasons we want to separate DV persons?

prevent contact, conduct interviews without the victim being under fear of threat, prevent the alteration of statements, restrict access to weapons.

In determining whether a person is the primary aggressor, the officer must consider what five things?

prior complaints of domestic violence, severity of the injuries, likelihood of future injuries, if one of the persons acted in self-defense, household member accounts regarding the history of dv.

state v. perkins said that:

protest is protected speech

P.A.S.S technique stands for:

pull,aim,squeeze,sweep

class 7

radioactive materials

active shooter response

rapid deployment calls for the first responding officer(s) on scene to form 1, 2, 3, or,4 man teams and immediately locate and stop threat

an infant or child under 2 years of age must be properly secured in a __________ facing child seat in a vehicle

rear

what are the steps in providing proper first aid?

recognize and evaluate victims conditions, proper emergency treatment

First responders at Haz-Mat have 6 responsibilities

recognize incident and activate response, protect yourself, determine initial response, decide and take immediate action, manage the incident until relieved, transition command

State v. Abdullah

recognizing that the Fourth Amendment does not bar police officers from making warrantless entries and searches when they reasonably believe that a person within is in need of immediate aid

compressed during recoil, returns slide to firing position

recoil spring

rod inside recoil spring(plastic or metal); in some models, the spring and guide are one piece

recoil spring guide

totally uncooperative

refuses to comply with the officer's reasonable verbal commands, prepared to or does resist arrest. officer should avoid trying to handcuff this type of individual until there is backup

resititution

repaying the victim for damage to the property or stolen goods, repairing damage or cleaning up vandalism for the victim or community or writing a letter of apology to the victim

What are operational reports?

reports taken by individual officers about crimes, incidents, arrests, and other daily activities.

what are administrative reports?

reports that affect the administration of a department.

weapon cleaning equipment:

rod, brass, patches, rags, solvent, gun oil, qtips if possible, old toothbrush

When can deadly force be used?

self defense, in defense of another person, to prevent the commission of a deadly felony, or to halt a fleeing felon who s an immediate significant threat

What are some elements of an on scene investigation?

set up an investigative plan, scene protection and examination for evidence, scene examination, drivers/victims/witnesses, locating witnesses, interview medical personnel, interview drivers and witnesses

what does SANE stand for?

sexual assault nurse examiner

what are the components of human trafficking?

sexual exploitation, forced labor, domestic servitude.

what are the most common forms of human trafficking?

sexual exploitation, labor exploitation, and servile marriage which is a mail order bride officer needs to determine if the bride is being held by force.

procedural concerns on transferring a juvenile:

shall be handcuffed, should be searched, may be photographed.

Reasons and causes officers killed in line of duty nationwide )2009-2018 stats)

shot-528 job related illness-408 automobile crash-350 struck by a vehicle-122 motorcycle crash-59

collision photography

should be used as a supplement to the investigation ,assist in remembering in what was seen & used in court

what are some fundamentals of shooting

sight alignment, sight picture, trigger control, breath control, grip

located on the front and rear of the slide

sights (front and rear)

what are the types of semiautomatics?

single action, double action, double action only, striker fire

primary crime scene

site of original activity, more evidence is typically yielded from this kind of crime scene

Long term responses to Trama?

sleep problems, intrusive thoughts, dreams/nightmares, flashbacks, withdrawal/isolation, PTSD, mood swings, sadness, shame, depression, intense fear, phobic reactions, consideration of suicide, drug and alcohol problems, mental illness, heightened fear and distrust, concentration-memory problems, and guilt.

when assembled contains firing pin, extractor, recoil spring, guide, barrel, and on some models a decocker

slide

locks slide to the rear on the last shot; releases the slide to go forward when pressed

slide latch/release

unsupported barricade shooting

standing and speed kneeling

what are the different types of supported barricading shooting positions

standing, kneeling, roll over prone

what are resources available to victims of crime?

state victim resources, community resources, other advocacy organizations.

totally cooperative

subject complies with commands of arrest

what are the 3 phases under the cycle of violence theory?

tension building stress tensions build, acute battering violent outbursts, honeymoon making up

which case made flag burning protected speech?

texas v. johnson

"the conduct of legal proceedings according to established rules and principles for the protection and enforcement of private rights, including notice and the right to a fair hearing before tribunal with the power to decide the case"

the 14th amendment due process

what are circumstances a juvenile can be involved in a transfer of judicial jurisdiction and the procedures for that transfer.

the Constitution gives to the circuit court exclusive jurisdiction or in those cases where jurisdiction has properly been transferred to the circuit court by the family court under the provisions of this section.

evasive action

the action or combination of actions taken to avoid a collision or other hazardous situation

action point

the action point follows reaction and is the place where a person puts into action his decision, such as braking or steering, based on his perception of a hazard

petitions are-

the charging document for family court.

Culture may be defined as:

the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group

reaction distance

the distance traveled during reaction time

double action semiautomatic

the first round is double action, the rest are single action

The continuum of violence theory dismisses what phase?

the honeymoon phase

perception reaction time

the length of time from actual perception of a hazard to the implementing of some avoidance action

final position

the location where a traffic unit comes to rest after collision

who is responsible for maintaining proof of financial responsibility in the motor vehicle at all times?

the owner

Point of possible perception

the place and time at which a normal person could perceive a hazard. The driver may or may not actually see the hazard here, but conditions are such that the hazard is visible if the person is attentive.

point of impact

the place where a traffic unit strikes another traffic unit or some other object or overturns.

Point of perception

the point where a situation, such as a hazard, is comprehended or perceived as a hazard

The DOT placard and label system is used in

the transportation Of hazardous materials

Most hit-and-run collisions are solved when:

the vehicle is located

a seriously injured person should not be moved before the arrival of medical personnel unless:

the victim is in a life threatening position

what signs should you look for when interviewing a victim of trauma?

the victim's demeanor, and visible signs of assault.

when preparing for a DV case we must prepare for every case as if what?

the victims not going to testify, going to testify for the bad guy, not going to show up.

when may law enforcement fingerprint juveniles?

they are charged with an offense, or probable cause that the juvenile committed an offense.

supplementary incident report:

this page is designed to be used if additional narrative space is necessary. This page can be used in any number and can be part of the original report, or it can be used to add to or change an original report later.

Green Personality

this personality is always questioning the status quo.

Blue

this personality type is searching for the meaning of life.

Gold Personality

this personality type is the keeper of tradition.

Orange

this personality type wants to do things now and they have a "just do it" attitude.

what is a major reason for scene protection and examination of evidence?

to ensure that all short lived or sensitive evidence is not removed, lost, stolen, destroyed, or altered

what is the primary responsibility of an investigator at the scene of a collision?

to keep the collision from becoming worse

emergency searched are allowed when

to protect life and safety, to arrest a fugitive in hot pursuit, to preserve evidence being destroyed

what are the top causes of collisions in SC?

too fast for conditions, following too closely, fail to yield the right of way, disregarding traffic sign or signal, improper lane use/change

class 6

toxic and infectious substances

what was the first known surgical procedure thought to cure mental illness?

trephenation

protects against accidental fall of the trigger

trigger guard

a driver is not responsible for an occupant 17 years of age or younger who has a driver's license, special restricted license, or a beginner's permit and who is not wearing a seatbelt (T/F)

true

a driver may obtain full driving privileges at the age of 16 after holding a conditional license for one year without any violations or at fault accidents (T/F)

true

a driver or occupant who has a doctor's note may be exempt from wearing a seatbelt (T/F)

true

if an individual poses a threat to himself/herself or others, law enforcement intervention is necessary (T/F)

true

in order to charge someone with DUS 2nd, the driver must have had a prior DUS within 5 years (T/F)

true

name calling, the use of profanity, and obscene gestures directed at an officer in and of themselves doe not constitute "fighting words" (T/F)

true

only fully published opinions can serve as case law (T/F)

true

police have tolerate fighting words (T/F)

true

the conditional driver's license restriction of transporting a maximum of 2 individuals under the age of 21 does not apply when the conditional driver's license holder is transporting family members or students to and from school (T/F)

true

where can an open container of beer or wine be located in a vehicle?

trunk or luggage compartment

failure to yield the right of way

typically angular impact collisions

witness

typically provide information about an event or circumstance.

following too closely

typically rear end collisions, can be misinterpreted as too fast for conditions

Too fast for conditions

typically rear-impact collisions

disregarding traffic sign or signal

typically side impact collisions

improper lane use/change

typically sideswipe collisions

who was the first to conduct electric shock therapy?

ugo cerletti

Suspects

usually possesses the most significant information since he/she was also a "witness" to the incident. Can also supply insight as to the motive.

Narcotic

variety of substances that dulled senses and relived pain

what are the laws for victims of crime?

victims bill of rights: To preserve and protect victims' rights to justice and due process regardless of race, sex, age, religion, or economic status, victims of crime have the right to be treated with fairness, be informed when accused is arrested, criminal proceedings etc.

As time increases what also increases?

violence.

the questions that the state and defense ask the jury to determine bias are called?

vior dire questions

chapman technique

weak hand holds flashlight underneath pistol or beside pistol with thumbs together

one handed shooting

weapon and elbow locked out straight, slightly inward canting the weapon will help lock the wrist and reduce recoil

in a bench trial, when does jeopardy attach?

when the first witness is sworn in

in a jury trial, when does jeopardy attach?

when the jury is sworn in

What should you never tell the suspect of a DV call?

who called, or what the victim said to law enforcement.

objectives of a collision investigation

who, what, where, why, when

Elements of a complete report:

who? what? when? where? why/how?

What should law enforcement not say to a victim?

why do you stay, I wouldn't put up with that, you need to leave, you're crazy etc.

How should you treat the victim dealing with trauma?

with respect and dignity, use first person, don't judge, be honest etc.

the US supreme court hears appeals by:

writ of cert

how does the SC supreme court hear appeals?

writ of certiorari and direct appeal

written report

written narrative describing a collision scene is essential for preserving the evidence you see and collect

methods of preserving and recording evidence

written report, field sketches, and collision photography

can a person required to report have photos and x-rays taken without parental permission?

yes

can motorcycles have vertically mounted license plates?

yes

When notifying next of kin for fatal and/or critical injuries what should you follow?

your agencies policies and procedures

definition of child as defined in Title 63 of the South Carolina Code of Laws.

"Child" or "juvenile" means a person less than eighteen years of age.

statutory definition criminal offense pertaining to victim and witness services

"Criminal offense" means an offense against the person of an individual when physical or psychological harm occurs, or the property of an individual when the value of the property stolen or destroyed, or the cost of the damage to the property, is in excess of one thousand dollars. a victim of a misdemeanor or felony under state law must be notified of or provided with the information.

Tennessee v. Garner

"Fleeing Felon Doctrine" This doctrine allowed police officers to use deadly force to apprehend a fleeing felon who would otherwise escape.

Lessons learned from active shooter situations

(1) Active shooter incidents are spontaneous. (2) Suspect behavior is unpredictable. (3) Pre-incident signs existed in school incidents. (4) Incidents occur in a target rich environment. (5) First responders were outgunned and did not have adequate training. (6) A tactical intervention took too long. (7) Multi-jurisdictional response issues were present.

Breaching/Entering.

(1) It may be necessary to attempt a door/window breach if it is determined that the suspect is inside a locked room and actively shooting people. (2) An inward opening door can be breached with a ram. Outward opening doors may be pried open using a breaching/prying tool. If a window is available it can be broken out and raked clean with a breaching tool. Bolt cutters may be required for chained doors. (3) Ballistic breaching with explosives and special shotgun rounds may be necessary with metal cased or solid core wood doors. Proper standoff and angle is essential for the safety of the officers as well.

Household member` means:

(a) a spouse; (b) a former spouse; (c) persons who have a child in common; or (d) a male and female who are cohabiting or formerly have cohabited.

Once it appears that a threat has been neutralized, officers should initiate the following sequence of actions:

- quickly determine and announce the status of threat condition - check status of their duty weapon's condition. - set up security after clearing any points of likely opposition - determine an immediate action plan based on whether or not there is more stimulus - communicate the status of the incident with dispatch - check their personal medical status by using blood raking -aid victims until additional emergency personnel enter the structure.

Threat engagement Officers will:

- slow down when approaching the threat area - engage the threat from the leading edge of the door frame - use the proper limited entry technique - clear hard corners prior to entering a room where a threat is located.

What are the 3 generations you will encounter the most as law enforcement?

-Baby Boomers (born between 1946-1964) -Generation X (born between 1965-1980) -Generation Y (born between 1981-2000): The Millennials

Approach to exterior door with entry

-During the entry phase, weapons will be in the ready position whether carrying a pistol or long gun. -Officers will maintain 360 degree security in order to scan and monitor all danger areas. -Officers will move at a speed that allows them to process each danger area. -Entering the door, Officers will conduct a brief scan of the entry point prior to entering the structure.

Implementation Stage

-Once the shooter opens fire, immediate action must be taken. -Initial responding officers need to immediately proceed to the suspect and stop the threat. -If he/she is not stopped, the active shooter will continue to kill until he/she runs out of victims or ammunition. -Remember, the active shooter is unique because he/she is going for the "top score," or the highest number of kills on record for an active shooter incident. -It is almost like a bizarre video game, except its real.

Outer Perimeter Issues and Concerns

-Parents If the active shooter incident occurs in a school, you will have numerous parents converging on your location. -The media is also a concern to officers during an active shooter incident. A separate "staging area" needs to be set up for the media. Keep this area away from parents. -General public: If assisting with outer perimeter issues, be aware that the public may also begin to show up at the scene to see what is going on. -First responders (EMS & Fire) You may need to secure specific locations for personnel from responding fire, EMS and life flight helicopters.

Preparation Stage

-The suspect may be obtaining gunpowder or other chemicals for improvised explosive devices. -He/She might break into a house to steal weapons and ammunition and/or hide them in a designated place closer to where he/she plans to attack. -The suspect may do a practice run or walkthrough of the operation, gearing up for the assault. -Potential shooters have been known to call friends and tell them not to go to school or work on a certain day in order to keep them out of the line-of-fire.

Active Shooter "Profiling"

-There is no 100% accurate profile for an active shooter. -Criminal profiling is guesswork at best. -Shooters can be both male/female and of all races. -When criminal profiling an active shooter, look beyond to the facts and evidence that support criminal activity.

fantasy stage

-dreaming of the shooting -fantasizing about the news coverage and attention he/she will receive -may draw pictures or make web postings -may discuss plans with friends and foes

Components of a good report:

-factual -clear -complete -concise -impartial

planning stage

-suspect is determining logistics: the who/what/when/where of the day -may put plans in writing and will often discuss these plans with others -time and location will be decided -weapons will be determined and how they will be obtained -will determine how to travel to target location and how they will dress to conceal the weapons

Approach Stage

-the suspect has made plans and has committed to carry out the act. -suspect is actually moving toward the intended target and will most likely be carrying the tools that he/she will use for the massacre. -Officers may come into contact with the suspect at this stage because of a citizen complaint, a traffic stop or something similar. - A thorough investigation can lead to an arrest of the suspect before he/she brings down a multitude of innocent people in a shooting or bombing.

When receiving a report of the collision it's useful to obtain information such as:

-when/where the collision occurred. -How bad was the collision and what vehicles were involved? -Traffic disruption problems -Have dispatcher obtain the name, address and phone number of the caller

Response tactics during hallway movement

-work from the center of the hallway to promote views into rooms and movement options. -scan rooms in the prescribed manor to identify those who are actively causing harm. -negotiate through a structure while being exposed to hallway movement (large crowds fleeing, injured victims). -respond to stimulus by the active threat.

Level 1 protects against

.22, .25, .32

Steps to maintaining the proper mindset and controlling one's emotions:

1. Be aggressive and decisive in actions. 2. Be prepared to be fired upon and continue fighting if hit. 3. Be prepared to encounter and bypass casualties. 4. Be flexible, ready to adapt and improvise to win.

detailed physical descriptions include:

1. Build 2. Complexion 3. Hair 4. Facial Hair 5. Hairstyle 6. Scars 7. Disfigurement 8. Odor 9. Demeanor 10. Teeth 11. Speech 12. Clothing 13. Vehicles 14. Weapons 15. Other Items

What 3 questions are used in the "verbal lie detector" method of interviewing?

1. Did you do it? (Watch for reactions, body language or denials.) 2. Have you told me everything? 3. Has everything you told me been the truth?

during an active shooter situation, be mentally prepared to:

1. Encounter numerous victims and bypass them as you search for the shooter. 2. Encounter and engage suspects. 3. Receive incoming fire.

Elements of the report writing checklist:

1. Gather Preliminary Information 2. Victim/Witness/Suspect Statement 3. Investigate the Scene 4. Disposition

According to True Colors (2020) The Four Color Personalities, the personalities can be described as follows:

1. Gold 2. Green 3. Blue 4. Orange

order of progression for initial interview:

1. Identify self 2. Create favorable atmosphere and build rapport 3. Interviewee's free narrative - Encourage interviewee to talk. Do not interrupt. They should be doing 90% of the talking at this point, you should be doing 10%. 4. Question and Answer - Get specific information. Pin down and resolve inconsistencies. 5. Get all the facts 6. Use comparisons 7. Separate fact from inference 8. Verify and test 9. Summarize and obtain descriptions where appropriate 10. Close

What are 3 parts of an incident report?

1. Incident Report - Page One 2. Supplementary Incident Report - Page Two 3. Supplemental Incident Report

Characteristics of Culture

1. Learned: Culture is not biologically inherited; it is passed from one generation to the next. 2. Gives a Range of Acceptable Behaviors: Our culture dictates what is deemed acceptable and unacceptable. 3. Subject to Change: As new cultural traits are added, others are removed because they are not deemed useful or helpful. 4. Cannot Remain in Isolation: No culture exists completely separate from the outside world.

There are several outward behaviors that the interviewer can watch for to help evaluate information garnered from interviews, such as:

1. Loss of eye contact 2. Adjusting clothes/jewelry 3. Crossing of the legs 4. Gazing into the distance 5. Rubbing the hands, back of the head or neck 6. Sweating or scratching 7. Laughing/smiling at inappropriate times **THESE TYPICALLY HAPEN IN CLUSTERS(MORE THAN ONE OF THESE BEHAVIORS AT A TIME)**

Steps of successful report writing

1. Organizing 2. Revise 3. Write in First Person 4. Write in Chronological Order 5. Proofread

Preparation Prior to an Incident

1. Prepare information packets on potential locations within your jurisdiction/area of operation. 2. Officers should walk through potential locations. Know how to get around the location, meet the workers, etc. 3. Maintain proficiency with weapons (rifle, handgun, OC, baton, etc.). Carry extra magazines and ammo. If you don't have a patrol rifle, carry a shotgun, but consider the ballistic capabilities of your weapons. 4. Wear ballistic body armor, carry a primary and secondary flashlight (preferred weapon mounted light), and have a (hands free) radio on the right channel. 5. Be mentally prepared

what should you consider while proceeding to the scene of a collision?

1. Proceed quickly but safely. 2. Do not depend on other vehicles yielding 3. Consider the urgency 4. Choose the best approach 5. Be alert for the possibility of hit-and-run drivers and vehicles leaving the scene. 6. When possible and/or necessary, place warning devices on the approach to the collision

things to take into consideration while interviewing:

1. Status 2. Personal Data 3. Emotional State 4. Attitude 5. Attitude of Interviewer 6. Communication Skills of Interviewee 7. Communication Skills of Interviewer 8. Interview Environment 9. Interviewer's Behavior 10. Types of Questions (Funnel Approach) 11. Timing 12. Case Background

category of persons:

1. Victims 2. Witnesses 3. Suspects

When/Why to Write a Report

1. Whenever departmental policy prescribes 2. Whenever police action is taken 3. When statute requires documentation

Additional Resources for Interviewing

1. doctors 2. DSS 3. DJJ 4. PPP(Probation, Pardon, & Parole) 5. Records section 6. other officers 7. School officials/teachers 8. ministers/church personnel

3 interview classifications

1. formal (structured) -requires preparation 2. informal (casual) -appears to be a normal conversation 3. combination -typically used at the scene

3 methods of taking statements

1. verbal 2. written 3. taped

The avg years of service for LEOs killed was

10

one in ______ men will be assaulted in their lifetime

10

what age of children should never be incarcerated?

10 years or younger.

how many circuit courts are there in the US?

13

what is the age eligibility for the alcohol education program?

17-20 years

Ratification of the Bill of Rights occurred in:

1791

how many jurors sit on the grand jury?

18

Definition of vulnerable adult

18 yoa or older physically and psychologically incapacitated

Westroads Mall in West Omaha. Omaha, Nebraska, December 5, 2007.

19 year old Robert Hawkins shoots and kills 8 people and wounds 5 others. Suspect commits suicide.

a motor vehicle owner may attach a trailer hitch to a motor vehicle provided that the hitch does not obscure more than ______ inches of the license plate issued to the motor vehicle

2

Most firefights last

2 1/2 seconds

Proper month day and year must always be

2 digit month 2 digit day and 4 digit year MM/DD/YYYY

Rapid deployment of an officer on suspicion stops should take

2 seconds or less

In police families how much more likely are they to experience DV than the general population?

2-3 times

how old does one have to be in order to transport alcoholic liquors to and from a place where alcoholic liquors may be lawfully possessed or consumed?

21

how long can law enforcement hold an individual on an order from the judge?

24 hours

the period of emergency protective custody may be extended up to:

24 hours

CHEMTREC is a

24 hr emergency response assistance

When should you follow up for pictures after a DV?

24, 48, 72 hours to show the progression of the injuries.

Suspects used personal weapons (hands, feet, knees, head, teeth)

24.7% of the time

an individual driving cannot receive more than ______ seatbelt violations per car, or a total of ______ in fines

2; $50

Speed

3 seconds or less to cuff suspect

Officer suicide risks

35-39 years old, 10-19 years of service, 20% misclassified, 64% slip under radar

The avg age of LEOs killed is

37

According to SC LEO hall of fame From 1797-2020, how many SC officers were killed?

379

Abuse of alcohol and prescriptions among officers is almost

4 times the national avg and DV is 2-4 times more common than the general population

What percentage of police families experience DV?

40%

Alcohol is the factor in approximately ________of deaths from motor vehicle crashes

41%

Level 111A protects against

44+ sub machine guns

how long does a person have to register their vehicle with the DMV when they purchase a new vehicle or are required to be registered according to section 56-3-210 (A)?

45 days

an abandoned vehicle is one that is left unattended on a highway for more than ________ or a vehicle that has remained on private or other public property for a period of time more than ______ without consent of the owner or person in control of the property

48 hours; 7 days

Crime scene searches are governed by the

4th amendment

SC district court is under this jurisdiction, as in NC, VA, MD, and WS:

4th circuit court of appeals

In summary court cases, how many peremptory challenges do the state and defense each have?

5

LEOs typically only lives

5 yrs past retirement

According to the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting Statistics in 2018, how many law enforcement officers were feloniously killed?

55

on a road where the speed limit is 70 mph, what is the maximum speed that a mobile home may be transported?

55 mph

Statutes that set forth the obligations and requirements for accident reporting in South Carolina

56-1-10

US dept. of Justice Statistics in 2018 estimated

58,866 assaults against officers occurred

The requirement for an indictment for a capital offense is required by which amendment?

5th

protection orders last how long?

6 months to a year

Officers should maintain________________reactionary gap

6-8ft

the maximum speed on an interstate in SC is:

70 mph

from the time of issuance from the judge, how long is the mental health order valid to take a person into custody for evaluation?

72 hours

how long does family court have to hold a probable cause hearing for the EPC of a child?

72 hours

Emergency protective hearing is held in what time period?

72 hours excluding weekends and holidays

Divorce rates among officers is

75% on 1st marriages and higher on 2nd marriages

It is estimated that _______ of human communication is nonverbal?

80%

up to ________ of rapes are committed by men known to their victims

80%

Crack was introduced in the mid

80s and abuse spread quickly

a child at least _____ years of age and ________ inches tall may be restrained by an adult safety seat belt if the child can be secured properly by an adult safety seat belt

8; 57

"excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel punishment inflicted"

8th amendment

Hazardous materials are divided into how _______ different hazard classes?

9

How many justices sit on the US Supreme Court?

9

SLED 2009-2018 stats

92% were handguns used to kill LEOs

Traffic collision investigation also provides a foundation for developing

A better understanding of the traffic problems

stabilized situation

A collision can be considered to be in a stabilized condition once all motion and other actions constituting the series of events have ceased and no further harm will ensue unless a new series of events is initiated by some means

Interview

A conversation with a purpose designed to obtain and evaluate information given to law enforcement officers by persons who have knowledge of the events or circumstances of a crime, accident, or other matter of police interest.

Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF)

A joint effort by federal and state law enforcement agencies to combat terrorism

Direct Abuse

A person who knowingly and willfully ABUSES a vulnerable adult is guilty of a felony

Indirect Abuse

A person who knowingly and willfully NEGLECTS a vulnerable adult is guilty of a felony

Haz-Mat is not a fire service problem it is

A public safety problem

What is a Law Enforcement Report?

A report for law enforcement purposes is any written or electronic communication on a departmental form, a preprinted, standardized set of questions.

statement

A single declaration or remark or an assertion; a report of facts or opinions; the act or process of stating or presenting orally or on paper.

Armed Barricaded Suspect

A suspect who is in a position of tactical advantage, usually barricaded in a room, building or vehicle, who is armed with a weapon.

Traditional Deployment

A tactical concept where law enforcement officers maintain a secure perimeter around an armed suspect and wait for a specially trained units to arrive on scene and intervene.

Tactics and strategies of drug patrol may include

ACE or CAT teams, drug dogs, undercover operations, wire taps

If unsafe act is observed that endangers anyone, who is responsible to call CEASE FIRE

ANYONE

Control

Ability to secure the scene

Evasive action

Action taken to avoid a hazard

Driver side advantages

Affords contact w driver, affords control of driver when exiting

The 3 stages of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome are

Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion/burnout

Most oldest universal and widely abused drug is

Alcohol

The B.A. block is for

Alcohol concentration levels. If refuses write REFUSED or BLOOD if collected

Unless a building is entered legally

All arrests and evidence seized may be for nothing

Yaw marks

Always curved, outside tires leave darker marks, length is not useful for speed estimates

If a roadway has both US and SC priorities

Always take the highest priority, US

Base intersection

Always the closest public roadway that intersects the roadway that collision occurred on

harmful event

An occurrence of injury or damage

speed in application

An officer should be able to handcuff a suspect in three seconds or less.

All LEO claims in officer used excessive force-arrests, investigatory stops should be

Analyzed under the 4th amendment

Physical evidence is

Any material, micro, solid, liquid or gaseous that may aid an investigation

Haz-Mat defined as

Any substance or material in any form or quantity that poses unreasonable risk to safety, health and property

Handcuffing is based on 3 tactical considerations

Approach to contact, control upon touch, speed in application

The basic tactics and techniques are

Approach, Position and Control

Intersection

Area which is embraced with the prolongation of the lateral curb lines

Timing

As a general rule, the most appropriate time to conduct an interview is as soon as possible after an incident.

Sniper attack

Assaults from distance with cover and concealment

When officers arrive on a DV call what should they do when they get control of the scene?

Assess any injuries, identify everyone on scene, be observant, get written statements.

ACTE

Assess situation, create simple plan, take action, evaluate progress

The evidence that is documented and recorded at the scene will

Assist in determining the cause of the collision, and provide information that will assist in collision prevention

Cover officer

Assistance, establishes force presence

Reasons officers more susceptible to stress

Authority figures, isolation issues, structure of institution, shift work, danger of comaraderie , control needs, negative world view

Equipment that increases survival

Backup firearm and ammo, long gun, extra cuffs, 2 flashlights

Death Notification Practices

Be absolutely certain of identity In time Get medical info if possible, EMS on standby Go. DO NOT CALL Take someone with you Present credentials Sit down Inform simply and directly Answer all questions honestly Provide as many details as possible Offer to make calls Offer to assist with media

Proper interview methods include

Be alert, be certain of violation, professional, decide appropriate charge, inform violator on law, ask for DL, Reg. And proof of insurance, issue citation, inform court date, time and location

Driver side disadvantages

Being hit by oncoming traffic, in line of sight and of fire, greater risk of being assaulted

Addressing resistance during cuffing can be met by

Bent arm take down or disengage

Depressant or downers are examples are

Benzodiazepines (xanex,Valium) Rohypnol (roofies)

what was established to operate as a restriction on the national government?

Bill of Rights

great bodily injury

Bodily injury which creates a substantial risk of death or which causes serious permanent disfigurement

Bladed draw

Body bladed 45 degrees, draw weapon push weapon out toward target

Failure to fire

Bullet doesn't feed from magazine

Date of arrest and date of violation

Can be different dates

Marijuana

Cannabis plant THC most frequently encountered sold by ounce 1/4 $40 1 ounce $100, 1lb $1000 averages 20% THC

Four types of abuse

Caregiver stress Perpetrator Characteristics Intergenerational/transgenerational Violence Self abuse/neglect

Gap skids

Caused by releasing and reapplying the breaks

Alcohol is a _____ ______ ______ _______and is_____ _____ ______

Central nervous system depressant, absorbed in bloodstream

University of Texas shooting

Charles Whitman

University Of Texas shooting (1966)

Charles Whitman shoots and kills 15 people (including an unborn child), wounds 32 others with a high-powered rifle from the top of the clock tower on the University of Texas, Austin. Incident resolved by two uniformed patrol officers who were able to gain entry into the tower and shot and killed Whitman.

Blue section in ERG

Chemical names

What are five indictors of deception?

Choice of words, Misdirecting questions, Denial flags, Changes in demeanor, posture or behavior, Stalling or repeating questions.

what are the elements of DV 2nd degree?

Class: Misdemeanor Court: Genral sessions Elements: moderate bodily injury, violates a protection order and in the process of violating the order commits domestic violence in the third degree, has one prior conviction for domestic violence in the past ten years, if the offense is committed in front of a minor, offense is committed against a person known, or who reasonably should have been known, by the offender to be pregnant, impeding the victims air flow, use of threatened or physical force to block a cellular device.

what's the basic elements of DV in the 3rd degree?

Class: Misdemeanor Court: Summary Elements: Cause physical harm or injury to a person's own household member; OR 2) Offer or attempt to cause physical harm or injury to a person's own household member with apparent present ability under circumstances reasonably creating fear of imminent peril.

Stimulants or uppers examples are

Cocaine, crack, amphetamines, meth, bath salts

Extracted from leaves of a coca plant

Cocaine-sold in bags 1gr $75 8ball or 3.5 gr $150

DNA collection performed how

Concentrate using tip of swab , let air dry, seal in coin paper envelope

Create a winning mindset by

Conquering fear, move beyond fear and focus on the knowns. Do anything to better yourself

Schneckloth v. Bustamonte

Consent to search vehicle provided stop not an unlawful detention

Engaging in incidents off duty

Consider equipment you have, population of area, back stop if u have to shoot, reaction of bystanders

Transgenerational

Considered as a possible reason for abuse of an elderly parent by his/her own child who was physically or emotionally abused by that parent when he/she was a child

There are two types of damage incurred by vehicles as a result of a collision

Contact and induced

Three officer; point, point cover, rear guard.

Contact/Point determines direction and speed, point cover picks up uncovered angles, and rear guard defends group from rear or picks up additional angles as appropriate.

Final position of vehicles and bodies are

Controlled and uncontrolled

Controlled and uncontrolled final positions defined

Controlled-position reaches intentionally-ex:vehicle pushed off road to clear traffic, Uncontrolled-position is more valuable to investigation

Types of suspects when handcuffing

Cooperatve, potentially uncooperative, totally uncooperative

Circle yes or no for court appearance required

Court appearance only required when violation will suspend violators DL

Qualities of a good investigator

Courtesy, realize importance of your job, ability to take charge, distinguish between facts and opinions, basic knowledge of collisions and how they occur and knowledge of traffic laws

Chunk or rock from cocaine ready to freebase

Crack-$20 rocks

Other aiding law enforcement agencies

DEA and SLED offer local assistance

department definition under Title 63 of the South Carolina Code of Laws.

DJJ

ERG refers to

DOT Emergency Response Guidbook

Knives are close range

Deadly weapons

Reasons officer kill themselves

Depression, relationships, easy access to firearm, drug and alcohol abuse, financial difficulties, internal investigations

Non-traditional response

Dictate that officers enter the structure upon arrival to the incident, whether as a single Officer or multi-unit capacity.

Types of ambushes

Direct assault, sniper assault, and coordinated attacks

Perception distance

Distance traveled during perception delay

Perception reaction distance

Distance traveled during perception time

44-53-445 code of laws

Distribution of controlled substance within proximity of school-separate offense to sell, buy, distribute within one-half mile radius of school, park or college

Chain of custody

Document chronological history of evidence. EX: case number, date, time, location, suspect, description, seizing officer

Muzzle of weapons will be pointed

Down range at all times when not holstered

Different officer approaches are

Driver side and passenger side

3 components of the collision

Driver, vehicle and roadway

Collision causes are

Drivers and mechanical

Drugs are scheduled how and why

Drugs are placed in schedules I-V depending on their medical use, potential for abuse, safety or dependence and liability

Drivers collision causes are

Due to failure to adjust to existing conditions

safety equipment that should be used at all times

Ear and eye protection and ball cap

Even #s must be

East/West

Columbine High School Massacre Littleton, Colorado, April 20, 1999.

Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold shoot and kill 13 people and wound dozens of others. Both suspects committed suicide. Officers arrived on scene 2 minutes after the initial call; however, officers did not make entry until 45 minutes later.

Mechanical collision causes are

Estimated to cause one half to one percent of all collisions

Green section in ERG

Evacuation/isolation distances and water reactive substances

Collision

Event results in injury, death, property damage directly or indirectly from motion of a motor vehicle

Rendering medical aid is more important than

Evidence collection

Signs that someone could be a trafficking victim

Evidence of being controlled Evidence of inability to move or leave job Bruises or other signs of battery Fear of depression Non English speaking Recently brought to this country Lack of passport

Violation section needs to be formal name of charge

Ex: Driving under the influence, not DUI

Accident investigation

Examination of all elements contributing to accident, resulting in explanation of series of events based on factual data

class 1

Explosives

Haz-Mat first responders are the

Eyes and ears of the situation

natural point or combat stance

Facing target, feet shoulder width apart, draw the weapon, arm extended and wrist locked

Tactical errors that decrease survivability

Fail to recognize threat, tactical positions not used, allowing suspect to be in control, fail to use force that was necessary

Neglect

Failure or omission of a caregiver to provide the care, goods, or services necessary to maintain the health or safety of a vulnerable adult. Ex. Not giving medication

Self stress includes

Family needs and changes, nervousness about protecting public, disappointment when expectations not met, competency, fear of being second guessed

Final position or final rest

Final position after collision

Duties of investigator on collisions

Find out who,what,where,why,and when

The most positive form of ID is

Fingerprints

#1 weapon used to kill LEOs

Firearm

Two officer contact and cover.

First officer (contact/point) determines direction and speed of movement; second officer (cover) supports the contact officer, picks up angles not covered by first officer, is responsible for radio communication and rear security.

MSDS is

Fixed facility information sheets on specific chemicals stored at a facility

Red section of NFPA 704

Flammability hazards

Class 3

Flammable liquids

Class 4

Flammable solids

Limited entry tactics

For limited entry, the Officers should utilize a methodical slicing method known as the 45/90/45 and starting the process off with the leading edge of the door

SC's location is ideal

For shipping contraband throughout eastern seaboard. Midway between Miami and NY

What is PPE used for?

For the purpose of protecting the wearer from hazardous materials

Control upon touch

Gain immediate control

Class 2

Gases

Officers may change roles as contact and cover why

Gender issues, language barriers or skills

Photos will be taken in this manor

General, midrange and close up /to scale

Items to avoid

Gloves that prevent utilization of equipment, unnecessary jewelry

Search patterns

Grid, inward spiral, parallel/CSI, strip/line, zone/sector

Orange section in ERG

Guid pages w/ precaution info

If you don't know what you have at a scene go to

Guide 111 in the ERG

When escorting cuffed subject

Gun away from subject, hold elbow one hand and chain link of cuffs with other hand

Major drug threats in SC are

HC1, crack cocaine, and meth

Oldest known group of drugs, has physiological, sensory and psychic effects

Hallucinogens

The most often used piece of equipment that officers routinely carry

Handcuffs

Blue section of NFPA 704

Health hazards

Packaged in grams, sold in plastic bags or balloons,$20 to $80 a gram, mostly injected/SC routinely packaged in bindles

Heroin

Level 11A protects against

Higher velocity .357, .45

Hazardous materials may be shipped how

Highways, railways, waterways, and airways

Marijuana concentrate

Honey or butter appearance, THC levels 40-80%

Communication Skills of Interviewee

How well the interviewee is able to verbalize is one of the most important variables in interviewing, as is how well he/she understands the interviewer's questions.

T Visa

Human trafficking victims

If you don't know the answer in court, what should you say?

I don't know, and only answer questions asked.

What should law enforcement say to a victim they want to leave the DV situation?

I fear for you and your kids safety, it will only get worse, you don't deserve this.

How to respond on duty in plainclothes

Identify as LEO, if no threat to life be a good witness, follow dept. policies, weigh pros and cons of situation

When collecting evidence

Identify/prioritize, collect most to least transient, focus on easiest 1st, select a search pattern, be aware of multiple scenes, determine packaging and chain of custody

what are things officers Can Not say to people in DV incidents?

If I have to come back here again somebody is going to jail, if we have to come back here again everyone will be arrested, if we have to come back here, everyone will be arrested and the kids will go to DSS, if you [the victim] call us again, I am going to arrest you

Deadly force may be used

If Reasonable cause you believe in imminent danger of loss of life or serious bodily harm at hands of another

How should you approach a Haz-Mat scene

If possible upwind, uphill and upstream

Four areas of Needs of Human Trafficking victims

Immediate assistance- housing Metal health assistance- counseling Income assistance- cash Legal status- certification, immigration

Threat Assessment begins when

Immediately

It is not only important to have PPE but also

Important to know how to use it.

Contact officer

In charge, communication w/ suspect and dispatch, handcuffs and searches

Entering the Premises - Section 16-25-70 (C)

In effecting a warrantless arrest under this section, a law enforcement officer may enter the residence of the person to be arrested in order to affect the arrest where the officer has probable cause to believe that the action is reasonably necessary to prevent physical harm or danger to a family or household member.

White section in ERG

Include resource information, CHEMTREC, contact #s

Common concerns of VictiM

Indifference of the community Isolation: helplessness Feelings of guilt Public sympathy Disparities in judicial system Sensational or inaccurate media coverage Financial burdens of victimization Anger at plea bargains Outrage over leniency Frustration Lack of information Unanswered question Endless grief

Types of crime locations commonly encountered:

Indoors outside conveyances and on the victim/suspect

Traffic enforcement programs, engineering programs and education programs come from

Information collected during investigations

steps in the family court system

Intake, adjudication hearing, disposition hearing

Communications of the traffic stop include

Intent of stop, vehicle description, location, direction of travel, tag #, nature of stop, occupants

Physical Abuse

Intentionally inflicting or allowing to be inflicted physical injury on a vulnerable adult by an act or failure to act. Exxon giving too much medication

Placard and label system

International System devised by United Nations and United States Dept. of Transportation

Roadways are prioritized in this order

Interstate-1, US primary-2, SC primary-3, Secondary-4, city or county-5, others-6

Traditional response

Involve establishing perimeter and waiting on specialized teams (i.e. SWAT) to arrive on scene or waiting for additional units to arrive to establish a response team.

Any call for service has the potential to

Involve hazardous materials

One of most important aspects of crime scene investigation

Is conducting a proper search

Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)

Is not legal in the US, also considered as the date rape drug

Intergenerational

Is one that's occurs in ones own generation. Ex. Wife abusing vulnerable husband

Smuggling

Is strictly voluntary where the individual will contract with someone to bring him/her across the border.

Critical incident stress

Is when individuals are involved in a tragic or traumatic event for which neither was prepared for nor expecting

(Arapahoe County Sheriff's Office Centennial, Colorado).

James Eagan Holmes (shooter) Picture was taken hours after a shooting massacre at an Aurora, Colorado movie theater that killed 12 and injured 58 people on July 20, 2012.

Mcdonalds Massacre (1984) San Ysidro, California.

James Huberty shoots and kills 21 people, wounds 11 others. Incident resolved by SWAT sniper.

who determines the sentence in all cases EXCEPT the death penalty cases?

Judge

Certain phrases or he way he Officer talks to the victim may make them feel

Judged and cause the to have more fear and be more traumatized

Hemp

June 2nd 2014 was made lawful to cultivatee, produce, or otherwise grow industrial hemp in this State to be used for any lawful purpose

Primary responsibility of investigators at collision scene is to

Keep scene from getting worse

2. List the historical events and court cases that have impacted the juvenile justice system and their significance.

Kent v. U.S. his case was appealed by his lawyer in result case went to supreme court was charged with a 30-90-year sentence was apprehended on burglary charge for a second time. what came out of this case: As a result of the appeal, the Supreme Court created the following provisions: transfer of jurisdiction case a "child" has a right to a hearing in Family Court before a case is transferred to General Sessions Court. (2) Right to counsel at transfer hearing. (3) Right to access by counsel to social records, probation reports, etc. Re Gault v. U.S.: awarded due process for children and awarded the 5th 6th and 14th amendment Re Winship v. U.S.: Standard became beyond a reasonable doubt, have to prove that juvenile committed every criminal element of the crime. Mckeiver v. Pennsylvania: trial by jury is not constitutionally required for juvenile court. state v. Parker: Juvenile are entitled to Miranda warnings if they are in custodial setting. Not free to walk away.

Case Background

Know as much as you can about the incident or events before you begin your interview. In some cases, you may know only what the dispatcher passes on to you

hallucinogens examples

LSD, Psilocybin/magic mushrooms

Transient meaning

Lasting for only a short time; impermanent

The most common cause of vehicle fires is

Leaking or spilled fluids

Mass shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut.

Left 27 people dead, including 20 children and the gunman identified as 20-year-old Adam Lanza, reportedly had three guns on him, including an AR-15 semiautomatic rifle. Lanza killed himself in the school. After the shooting, it was discovered that Lanza had also shot and killed his mother, Nancy Lanza, in the home they shared.

Different types of vehicle positioning include

Left offset, right offset and in-line

Orange in ERG has two pages

Left side is potential hazards,right side is response

Which branch of the government makes the law?

Legislative

Perception reaction time

Length of time necessary for a person to perceive and react to a situation, Avg time is 1.6 seconds

Vest threat levels

Level 1 level 11 level 11A level 111A

Approach from the

Level II 1/2 strong side

Most crimes committed against our society are criminals who will most

Likely end up traveling our roads

All weapons at all times are presumed

Loaded

Privately operated facilities must be reported to

Long Term Care Ombudsman and APP

Required clothing while at range inlcude

Long pants, shirts, shoes and baseball style cap

Why officers don't seek help

Loss of badge and gun, viewed as weak

Level 11 protects against

Lower velocity .38, 9mm

Of all the things Haz-Mat target these are the most vulnerable

Lungs and respiratory tract

LSD

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is the most potent hallucinogen known to science

Every year in SC thousands of traffic collisions occur on highways

Many involving serious injuries or death

Perpetrator Characteristics

Many times the children of the vulnerable/elderly person, are dependent on financial or housing assistance due to personal problems in the adult child's life cause by financial or mental health issues.

Maryland vs Wilson

May order passengers out of vehicle of traffic stops

Second intersection

Measuring from the center of the base to the collision location then continuing in same direction to the next intersection of a public roadway

44-53-375 code of laws

Meth, Ice, crank and crack- covers possession, distribution, PWID, and trafficking

All times written on UTT should be written in

Military time

Failure to extract

Most serious

Coordinated attack

Multiple suspects, is the most dangerous

Large diamond shaped placard comprised of 4 smaller diamonds that represent a certain hazard

NFPA 704

If a collision occurs off the roadway the lane number will be

NL for no lane

Violator has no middle name write in space provided

NMN

Bail deposited section is either ____ or ___

NONE, JAIL, SCHP is only agency allowed to collect cash bonds from violators

Barriers for victims

Nature of Crime is hidden Dependent on the trafficker Victims often kept isolated Victims are illegal and unaware of rights as victims Lack of awareness amount service providers Do not perceive themselves as victims

Haz-Mat target the

Nervous system, Skelton and marrow, thyroid gland, lungs, heart, blood, veins, liver, kidneys, intestines and skin

When should you use abbreviations on the UTS

Never

If suspect is out of their car,

Never allow them back in.........to possible weapons

The theory of transfer is that

No one can enter or exit a location without bringing in or taking out sometime of evidence/Every contact leaves its trace

Complacency kills

No such thing as routine

Odd #s must be

North/South

Conversions of directions will be as follows

North=East,South=West, East=North, West=South

Passenger side approach advantage

Not expected by driver, difficult to detect at night, better view

Mistakes that decrease survivability

Not maintains survival mindset not wearing armor did not identify as LEO overreaching capabilities careless not proficient w weapon fails to communicate w dispatch

When are you allowed to place trigger finger within the trigger guard

Not until weapon is pointed down range

First responders should

Note vehicles and people in area exiting, approach with caution, secure and protect scene, render aid

Within the blue, red, and yellow sections there will be a

Number (0-4) that represents severity of hazard

Short term response-

Numbness, detachment, denial, anxiety, sadness, anger, yelling, disoriented, feeling overwhelmed, helplessness/dependent, fearful, and/or the "flat" affect

Officers making arrests for drug violations must

Obtain a warrant from judge over jurisdiction they serve

Harmful event

Occurrence of injury or damage

LEOs should demonstrate application

Of force that is consistent and accepted with police tactics and is reasonable and prudent

Offense code block must be 2 digits

Offense codes that begin with 2,4 and 6 the first number indicates the points assessed

Carroll Doctrine -Carrol v. U.S.

Officer can articulate probable cause that vehicle contains contraband officer may conduct a search

Illinois v. Caballes

Officers can not prolong traffic stop to give canine time to arrive

Every PD throughout state is now carrying semiautomatic pistols due to

Officers require more fire power, ability to reload faster and fire rapidly

Detection of the violation based on reasonable suspicion or probable cause is when

Officers shall perform vehicle stops and only when they have these reasons to do so

Using drug field kits

Officers should never taste drugs, read and follow kit instructions, send drugs to certified lab to be tested

Stabilized situation

Once all motion has stopped or control is regained

Meth

Orally and injected, ICE is smokable meth, has unusual odors

Loaded weapons are not allowed outside the

Orange area directly behind firing line

Shipping orders are

Orders, bill of lading, manifest, most source of information available as to materials in transport

Types of sketches

Overview, elevation, cross projection or exploded drawing

class 5

Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides

Long term Responses, may be seen in court

PTSD Sleep problems Memory problems Dreams/nightmares Flashbacks Withdrawal/isolation Sense of foreshortened future Mood swings Sadness Resignation Depression Intense fear Phobic reactions Consideration of suicide Drug and alcohol problems Mental illness Heightened fear and distrust Shame Powerlessness Guilt

Effects on the officer

PTSD, emotional detachment, heart attacks, ulcers, weight gain, suicidal, marital problems, alcohol or substance abuse

System stress includes

Perception of court rulings, lack of follow up, lack of respect from public, negative media coverage, lack of understanding public, inconveniently scheduled court, prematurely release of offenders

Variables that contribute to Crime Victim Stress

Perception of the injury Prior experience with crime Type of crime/ severity Fear of death Use of weapons Number of assailants Mental health of victim Relationship to assailant Duration of assault Uber of victims Support system Age of victim/offender Ability to cope with stress Consequences to perpetrator

Areas critical incident stress effect

Perception, proximity, level of threat, responsibility, prior experience, nature and degree of support available

time line of violence

Period of time from the suspects first violent action until the action is stopped or the suspect transitions to another activity.

Sketches are

Permanent records, evidence in court if accurate to scene

Arriving on scene, the first thing to keep in mind is:

Personal safety

A Crime scene is

Physical location where crime occurred, place where potential evidence Been brought to and taken from scene and the starting point for an investigation

Define abuse

Physical or psychological abuse

what are the four major forms of DV abuse?

Physical, Emotional, sexual, financial.

Stress

Physical, chemical or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental tension

Action point

Place and time action is put into effect ex:(braking, steering)

Possible point of perception

Place and time when driver could have perceived a hazard

Signs of trouble with officers

Poor appetite, weight loss, sleep disturbances, loss of interest, loss of energy

identification characteristics

Positively identifiable with individual or source(ex:prints,blood,saliva, semen)

Shipping orders can be found where

Possession of operator, marked envelope in cab, engineer if on train, or engine closest to freight, wheelhouse, or with captain of ship, cockpit and w pilot

Class characteristics

Possibility come from more than 1 source

Every call for service is a

Potential crime scene

Serious of events-2 main categories

Pre-scene events and on-scene events

Classifications of crime scenes

Primary and secondary

Evidence frequently encountered

Prints, blood or fluids, trace evidence, footprints, tire tracks, victims injuries and weapons

You cannot use deadly force unless

Probable cause to believe suspect could cause serious bodily harm to you or someone else

When proceeding to a collision scene

Proceed quickly but safely

44-53-370 SC code of laws

Prohibited acts-manufacturing, distribution, dispense

Physical evidence only useful if

Properly collected, protected and submitted

Most Common Reasons For Human trafficking

Prostitution Exotic dancing Servile marriages Agricultural work Landscape work Domestic work and child care Factory work Restaurant work Construction work Hotel housekeeping Day labor

Emergency Searches are to do what

Protect life and safety, arrest fugitive in hot pursuit, to preserve evidence being destroyed or removed

Value of physical evidence

Prove crime committed, places subject at scene, establishes identity, corroborate testimony, causes suspects to confess, exonerate the innocent, develop motives

Failure to feed

Pull trigger nothing happens

Do not ___________ profile when conducting drug investigations

Racially

No weapons will be loaded until the ______ _______ gives the command

Range OIC

Yellow section of NFPA 704

Reactivity hazards

Graham vs. Connor

Reasonable and necessary, use of force issue

Within 100 hrs of a stressful event a person will

Recall or remember approximately 72%

Countermeasures when attacked with edged weapon

Recognize and avoid, create distance(min. 30 ft), present gun, and as last resort empty hand disarming

Effects on the agency

Reduced morale, tardiness or absent, poor performance

Actions of occupants of a traffic stop include

Remains in vehicle, exits and runs, exits and approaches

Cleaning the weapon

Remove magazine, clear the chamber , field strip, clean the barrel, clean the slide, clean the frame, oil the weapon

Impression evidence

Retained characteristics through direct physical contact

Officers should not

Retreat from attack but stand their ground and meet force with force

Work stress includes

Role conflict, frequent boredom, fear and danger, critical incidents, pressure of protecting others, exposure to human depravity, fiscal uncertainty/pay, shift work, unfair discipline, promotion process, fear of blood borne pathogens

Resources to victims of crime

SCVAN SCDSS VIP SCIVN Crime Victim Legal Network Attorney Generals Office Army Community Service Family Advocacy Program

Not present in all models; safely drops the hammer without firing the weapon

Safety/Decocker

When in the owners section never write

Same as above

Fentanyl

Schedule II synthetic opioid, 80-100 times stronger than morphine. As little as 2mg is potentially fatal

Oxycodone (Oxycontin)

Schedule II, a used orally or crushed and sniffed or dissolved and injected. Come in 10,20,40 and 80mg tabs

Benzodiazepines is a

Schedule IV, and is most widely prescribed

US vs Robinson

Search incident to arrest requires no additional justification

Initiation of stop procedures

Select safe location, gain attention of the violator, anticipate actions of driver

Sources of LEO stress

Self, work, system, organization

Crime affects victims in two ways by destroying

Sense of trust and a sense of control

Always package evidence

Separately, seal with tape do not staple, and plastic bags are not recommended

Accident

Sequence of events that produce unintended injury, death or property damage

Blacksburg, Virginia, April 16, 2007. Virginia Tech. Campus. Shooting

Seung-Hui Cho shoots and kills two students and leaves campus. Returns approximately two hours later and shoots and kills 32 people. Cho wounds several other students and teachers. Suspect commits suicide.

Failure to eject

Shell casing gets caught in ejection port (called a stove pipe)

Effects on the family

Shift work, need to feel control, fear officer be killed or hurt, high expectations of children, presence of a gun at home, believing officer rather spend time w friends than family

Organization stress includes

Shift work, unproductive management, equipment deficiencies, excessive paperwork, lack of reward for good work, politics

Reasonable

Showing reasons or sound judgement, not extreme or excessive

The rule of thumb is

Simple approach of judging proper distance. Extend arm hold thumb out close one eye cover scene, can you still see scene, if so too close

Nomenclature of handcuffs

Single strand and teeth, double strand, rivet, key hole and double lock mechanism, swivel and chain

Ideal ways to document a scene

Sketches, photos, and notes

Most illicit drugs are transported by

Small and mid size passenger vehicles

White section of NFPA 704

Special precautions/information

All locations on the TR-310 are located to what is known as

Standard direction

LEOs are held to higher

Standard than the ordinary man

If a suspect exits and runs

Stay w vehicle, call backup and do not pursue alone

Duties of a driver involved in a collision

Stop at or as close to scene as possible, may leave temporarily to contact police, stop to not obstruct traffic more than necessary, make every effort to restore traffic

Field Interviews

Street level encounters or contacts with individuals initiated by law enforcement officers in an effort to obtain information relating to an investigation into criminal activity, specific complaint, or other matter of police interest

Direct assault

Suspect threatens violence, visibly prepared to attack and assault is straight forward

Bath salts

Synthetic stimulants, manufactured in China and India, off-white or yellow colored powder

Two types of Visas

T Visa and U Visa

what is the most important program and resource for law enforcement to assist victims of human trafficking?

T and U visas T is specifically used for trafficked victims and the U is for all victims of violent crimes.

Position

Techniques for safety + potential evidence gathering and contamination as entering scene

Traffic stop

Temporary detention of a vehicle by police to investigate a possIble crime.

U.S. Supreme Court ruled that shootings of unarmed , nonviolent fleeing felony suspects violated the 4th amendment is also know as

Tennessee v. Garner

definition of necessary force:

That which is necessary is that which must be done, is mandatory, or is compelled by circumstances.

definition of reasonable force:

That which is reasonable is using or showing reasons or sound judgment and not extreme or excessive force.

Handguns is

The #1 weapon used to kill LEOs

Compilation of hazardous materials information can be found in what

The ERG

July 22, 2004 G.W. Bush signed

The LEO safety act which means employed LEOs or retired, local, state and federal can carry concealed lawfully

Each time weapon is drawn to dry fire it will be

The action will be visually and physically inspected to ensure it is unloaded

Caregiver Stress

The caregiver becomes overwhelmed due to the emotional and financial burden of providing care to the vulnerable adult, elder, or incapacitated person

Define human trafficking

The commercial exchange for profit of human beings who are placed in situation where they are subjected to involuntary acts such as sexual exploitation, forced labor, involuntary servitude or debt bondage

Stanford prison experiment Conducted in 1971

The experiment took 24 student volunteers and divided them into two groups: prisoners and guards. They had to play these roles in a mock jail.

The ERG book is good for

The first 30 mins

When approaching a stopped vehicle at night

The flashlight is always in the non gun hand

Between 2009 and 2018 Automobile accidents account for

The highest # of deaths with LEO's

NIK System of Narcotics Identification is

The international standard for testing substances

Communication Skills of Interviewer

The interviewer must be able to make him/herself understood by the interviewee. Communicating on the interviewee's level is important. Most important are the interviewer's listening skills

Interview Environment

The location of the interview cannot always be controlled by the patrol officer. Safety is an important factor for both officer and interviewee, but other factors should be taken into consideration in order for the interview to produce a successful outcome. Try to secure a place where the interviewee can be afforded privacy.

Interrogation

The process of asking questions of a person arrested or suspected of a crime.

rapid deployment

The swift and immediate deployment of law enforcement resources to ongoing, life threatening situations where delayed deployment could otherwise result in death or great bodily injury to innocent persons.

Most hit-and-run collisions are solved when

The vehicle is located

The contact vs. cover officer concept is like comparing

The worker bee to the meerkat, one works hard while other stands guard

Why tell the Long Term Care Ombudsman Program?

They can get anything and pass it on to you for investigation or trial preparedness

Brown-eyed/Blue-eyed experiment Conducted in 1968,

Third graders were divided based on eye color and treated either as superiors or inferiors based on such.

Behavioral Contract -

This is an agreement between the juvenile, parents and the solicitor dealing with the juvenile's behavior. This could be anything from attending an anger management class, to attending school (as in cases of truancy), or having a curfew placed on him/her for a period decided upon by the solicitor and the family of the juvenile

Diversion Program -

This means the juvenile will face the consequences of his/her offense without going into the Family Court.

Considerations on selection of vests

Threat level, conceal ability , wearability and coverage

Perception delay

Time involved from possible point of perception to actual point of perception

Scrub mark

Tire mark resulting from wheel locked or damaged so tire slide along roadway

Skid mark

Tire mark that results from tire locked sliding over surface

Scuff mark

Tire that is both rotating and side skipping

Vehicle preparation includes checks and setups

Tires, lights, radio,siren, horn, and flashlight, clipboard, pens, paper and weapons

The NFPA 704 system was devised

To be used at fixed facilities or on free standing structures such as stationary storage tanks

what is the #1 objective during an active shooter response?

To find, confront, and stop deadly behavior/threat.

Top causes for collisions in SC are

Too fast for conditions, following too closely, fail to yield, disregarding signs or signals, improper lane useage/change. Typically rear end collisions

Drug proceeds are usually moved by

Tractor trailers

Involuntary

Trafficking, one cannot consent to being trafficked or enslaved

Sir Robert Peel drafted ___________ Principles in 1829 that are relevant for today's law enforcement officer

9

a person classified as a Tier III offender of sex crimes is required to register every _________

90 days

how many district courts are there (lowest level federal court)?

94

people with this disorder have had their natural response mechanisms damaged which causes feelings of stress or fear when they are no longer in danger:

PTSD

The supremacy clause establishes what as the supreme law of the land?

US Constitution

what phases (in order) are part of the the rape trauma syndrome:

acute phase, outwards adjustment phase, resolution phase

who favored a decentralized government with the power resting with the states?

anti federalists

the most common mental health condition that affects approximately 18% of the US population?

anxiety disorders

the most common mental illness disorder that develops in children

attention deficient hyperactivity disorder

the mental hygiene was brought about by:

dorothea dix

this is the drug of choice among many populations and is accessible and inexpensive:

ethanol

article II of the US constitution grants:

executive power

circumstance where an object, or body part whose real or fantasized presence is psychologically necessary for sexual gratification is called:

fetishism

those words which by their vary utterance inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of peace

fighting words

what is the most important part of a child abuse investigation?

forensic interview

what can influence whether or not a person develops a mental health condition?

genetics, environment, life experiences

sexual intercourse between blood relatives is referred to as:

incest

submissive, aggressive, acting out/incorrigibility, school related behavior, self destructiveness, severe depression, and PTSD

indicators of common sexual and physical abuse

what is the formal charging document of the grand jury?

indictment

this is formerly known as mental retardation

intellectual disability

use of the mouth on the penis of a male is called

intercourse

the judicial branch ____________ the law

interprets

in early hebrew law, what was the great importance when determining whether a sexual assault had taken place?

location of the assault

characteristics of a situational child molester?

low self esteem/poor coping skills, inadequate/social misfit, morally indiscriminate, may transport the child a short distance for privacy

speaking in a monotone voice or lack of speech would be classified as what kind of symptom of schizophrenia?

negative

can someone be prosecuted or punished at all for burning the american flag?

no

the initial period of emergency protective custody for a child is:

no more than 24 hours

who introduced the humane methods of treatment in asylums?

philippe pinel

psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia not seen in healthy people

positive

which type is responsible for the highest number of child victimizations?

preferential child molester

what hearing is known as the "probable cause hearing", who must request it, and within what time frame?

preliminary hearing, the defense, and within 10 days of the bond hearing

examples of _________ motions are continuance, settle defendant's prior record, and sequestration of witnesses

pretrial

Peel stated that the basic mission of law enforcement is to _______ as an alternative to _________?

prevent crime and disorder; using military force to repress crime

level of proof needed when presenting a case before the grand jury:

probable cause

this type of abuse that is done in conjunction with another type of abuse, such as sexual assault

psychological abuse

what are the five stages in the process of the child forensic interview?

rapport, anatomy identification, touch inquiry, abuse scenario, closure

what is the compulsory process for obtaining witnesses as listed in the 6th amendment?

the power to subpoena

who bears the burden of proof in order to obtain a conviction during trial?

the prosecution

what is the most common manipulation tactic used by "sextortionists" in order to have the child comply with their demands?

threaten to release of the sexually explicit images online

what is not protected when directed at law enforcement officers?

threats, physically interfering, intoxication

the 1st amendment protects a significant amount of verbal criticism and challenge directed at police officers (T/F)

true

unless a patient has been adjudicated incompetent, no patient may be denied the right to dispose of property, make purchases, marry, or vote (T/F)

true

within 72 hours of sexual assault, a sexual assault evidence kit should be used for both children and adults (T/F)

true

indicators that a child has been neglected are:

unhealthy, dirty, failure to thrive, unattended

what two additional protections does the SC Constitution have in article I: section 10 that the 4th amendment does not have?

unreasonable invasion of privacy and particularity requirement

how long may a hospital/doctor detain a child they feel is being abused without consent on the person responsible for the child?

up to 24 hours

how long does the law enforcement department have to conduct a prelim on the EPC of the child?

within 24 hours

during which part of the legal proceedings does the defendant enter as a plea?

bond hearing

characterized by a person's inability to regulate his/her emotions?

borderline personality disorder