Science
what number chromosomes pairs are autosomes
1-22
What is the result of mitosis
2 identicle diploid somatic cells
How many autosomes are in this human karyotype? How many sex chromosomes?
44 2
What number chromosome pairs are sex chromosomes
45-46
What is a karyotype?
A diagram that shows the number and appearance of chromosomes in a cell
Zygote
A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of 2 haploid gametes
What could be a result of a mistake during this process
Abnormality and genetic disorders
What is mitosis?
Creation of diploid somatic cells
What is meiosis
Creation of haploid sex cells
Prophase I
Crossing over occurs
Telophase I
Cytoplasm divides 2 daughter cells are formed
How did the organism get these chromosomes? Where did they come from
Half from mom and half from dad
What would this karyotype look like after meiosis
Half the number of chromosomes
Metaphase I
Homologous chromosomes are lined up in the middle of the cell in pairs
Anaphase I
Homologous chromosomes pairs separate
Meiosis I
Homologous chromosomes separate
homologous chromosomes
Pair of chromosomes that are the same size, same appearance and same genes.
Crossing over occurs
Prophase I
Cytoplasm splits between two cells
Telophase I
4 individual nuclear membranes begin to form
Telophase II
What do autosomes carry
They carry traits that make you who you are
What happens in the S phase?
chromosomes replicate
What is the overall purpose of meiosis
make gametes
Where is meiosis
testes and ovaries
When is mitosis
throughout life
homologous chromosomes are separated
Anaphase I
The number of chromosomes during meiosis is incredibly important. Why is that?
Because we want the zygote to have the correct number
Is this a picture of chromosomes before or after DNA replication during the S phase of interphase. Explain how you know
Before because there are no sister chromatids
Somatic cells
Body cells
What do sex chromosomes carry?
Carry traits that make you who you are and determine your gender
What happens in the G2 phase?
Cell continues to grow and make proteins
What happens in G1?
Cell grows and makes proteins
Based on the picture, is this a karyotype of a diploid or haploid cell? Explain how you know.
Diploid because each one has a pair
When is meiosis
Females: before you are born Males: throughout life
Why is mitosis needed?
For growth and repair
Egg and sperm are me
Gametes
I have half the amount of chromosomes as other cells
Gametes
In humans, I have 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome
Gametes
My cells are haploid
Gametes
What can a karyotype show you about an organism
Gender and abnormalities
If the last pair reflects wether the organism is male or female, which would this organism be? Explain how you know.
Male because the last two are not the same (xy)
Pairs of chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Metaphase I
Sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell
Metaphase II
How does mitosis occur
PMAT once
How does meiosis occur
PMAT twice
What is the specific purpose of meiosis I
Separate homologous chromosomes
What is the specific purpose of meiosis II
Separate sister chromatids
Gametes
Sex cells
What type of reproduction is used in meiosis
Sexual
Metaphase II
Sister chromatids line up single file in the middle of the cell
I am another word for body cells
Somatic
Based on your previous answer what type of cells would have this amount of chromosomes in them
Somatic cells
I am formed throughout an organisms entire life regardless of gender
Somatic cells
I am identical to all other cells like me that form after cell division
Somatic cells
homologous chromosomes pairs are inside of me
Somatic cells
Prophase II
Spindle fibers reform and attach to the centromeres of the sister chromatids
Anaphase II
The sister chromatids are pulled apart from each other and move to opposite sides of the cell
Telophase II
The spindle fibres disappear, and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes.
Sister chromatids are separated
anaphase II
Where is mitosis
Throughout body
Why is meiosis necessary?
To make babies
What type of reproduction is mitosis?
asexual
crossing over
homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their DNA and creates new genes and chromosomes that are part mom and dad
sister chromatids
joined copies of the original chromosome