Science

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what number chromosomes pairs are autosomes

1-22

What is the result of mitosis

2 identicle diploid somatic cells

How many autosomes are in this human karyotype? How many sex chromosomes?

44 2

What number chromosome pairs are sex chromosomes

45-46

What is a karyotype?

A diagram that shows the number and appearance of chromosomes in a cell

Zygote

A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of 2 haploid gametes

What could be a result of a mistake during this process

Abnormality and genetic disorders

What is mitosis?

Creation of diploid somatic cells

What is meiosis

Creation of haploid sex cells

Prophase I

Crossing over occurs

Telophase I

Cytoplasm divides 2 daughter cells are formed

How did the organism get these chromosomes? Where did they come from

Half from mom and half from dad

What would this karyotype look like after meiosis

Half the number of chromosomes

Metaphase I

Homologous chromosomes are lined up in the middle of the cell in pairs

Anaphase I

Homologous chromosomes pairs separate

Meiosis I

Homologous chromosomes separate

homologous chromosomes

Pair of chromosomes that are the same size, same appearance and same genes.

Crossing over occurs

Prophase I

Cytoplasm splits between two cells

Telophase I

4 individual nuclear membranes begin to form

Telophase II

What do autosomes carry

They carry traits that make you who you are

What happens in the S phase?

chromosomes replicate

What is the overall purpose of meiosis

make gametes

Where is meiosis

testes and ovaries

When is mitosis

throughout life

homologous chromosomes are separated

Anaphase I

The number of chromosomes during meiosis is incredibly important. Why is that?

Because we want the zygote to have the correct number

Is this a picture of chromosomes before or after DNA replication during the S phase of interphase. Explain how you know

Before because there are no sister chromatids

Somatic cells

Body cells

What do sex chromosomes carry?

Carry traits that make you who you are and determine your gender

What happens in the G2 phase?

Cell continues to grow and make proteins

What happens in G1?

Cell grows and makes proteins

Based on the picture, is this a karyotype of a diploid or haploid cell? Explain how you know.

Diploid because each one has a pair

When is meiosis

Females: before you are born Males: throughout life

Why is mitosis needed?

For growth and repair

Egg and sperm are me

Gametes

I have half the amount of chromosomes as other cells

Gametes

In humans, I have 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome

Gametes

My cells are haploid

Gametes

What can a karyotype show you about an organism

Gender and abnormalities

If the last pair reflects wether the organism is male or female, which would this organism be? Explain how you know.

Male because the last two are not the same (xy)

Pairs of chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Metaphase I

Sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell

Metaphase II

How does mitosis occur

PMAT once

How does meiosis occur

PMAT twice

What is the specific purpose of meiosis I

Separate homologous chromosomes

What is the specific purpose of meiosis II

Separate sister chromatids

Gametes

Sex cells

What type of reproduction is used in meiosis

Sexual

Metaphase II

Sister chromatids line up single file in the middle of the cell

I am another word for body cells

Somatic

Based on your previous answer what type of cells would have this amount of chromosomes in them

Somatic cells

I am formed throughout an organisms entire life regardless of gender

Somatic cells

I am identical to all other cells like me that form after cell division

Somatic cells

homologous chromosomes pairs are inside of me

Somatic cells

Prophase II

Spindle fibers reform and attach to the centromeres of the sister chromatids

Anaphase II

The sister chromatids are pulled apart from each other and move to opposite sides of the cell

Telophase II

The spindle fibres disappear, and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes.

Sister chromatids are separated

anaphase II

Where is mitosis

Throughout body

Why is meiosis necessary?

To make babies

What type of reproduction is mitosis?

asexual

crossing over

homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their DNA and creates new genes and chromosomes that are part mom and dad

sister chromatids

joined copies of the original chromosome


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