Science Benchmark

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Cell Wall

Thick, rigid outer wall found in plant cells. It provides support and protection for the cell

What is the term that describes the pressure exerted on the cell wall by water passing into the cell through osmosis

Turgor Pressure

Identify the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms

Unicellular= made of 1 cell Multicellular= made of more than 1 cell

What is the diaphragm?

Used to adjust the amount of light passing through the slide and into and objective lens

What is the fine adjustment knob?

Used to focus the image of an object when it is viewed through the high-power lens

What is the coarse adjustment knob?

Uses to focus the image of an object when it is viewed through the low-power lens

Identify the organelle that serves as the storage area of the cell

Vacuole

waste disposal

Waste inclosed in a membrane, moves to the cell membrane, joins with it, and then gets released

Osmosis

Water moves across a selectively permable membrane

Photosynthesis

When a plant uses water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide to make glucose and oxygen *on the product side

What is a prokaryote?

An organism made of a single simple celled organism, no nucleus, prokaryotic cell

The cell pictured below belongs to which type of organism?

Animal

What is the Respiration equation?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)

The________is the basic unit of life.

Cell

What part of a cell controls what comes in and out of the cell

Cell Membrane

Identify the rigid layer surrounding a plant cell that provides support, strength, and shape.

Cell Wall

Mitosis

Cell reproduction that accurs in the nucleus where an exact copy is made or cell division *needed for growth, replacement, and a-sexual reproduction

Identify the organelle that contains chlorophyll and makes food from sunlight.

Chloroplast

The thick gel-like fluid inside the cell between the nucleus and the cell membrane is known as ___________.

Cytoplasm

Identify the process that describes fluid moving from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration

Diffusion

Mitochondria

The power house of the cell responsible for cellular respiration

Identify the organelle that makes proteins to help repair damage to the cell and carry out chemical processes.

Ribosome

When a plant cell is placed in salt water the cell will______. When a plant cell is placed in water it will_____.

Shrink, expand

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis. It is found in plant cells but not in animal cells

What is the low power objective lens?

Smallest lens on the nosepiece. It magnifies an image approximately 10 times

What is the mirror or light source?

Some microscopes use light that is reflected through the stage by a mirror. Other microscopes have their own light source

Cell Membrane

Structure found in all cells. It is essential in maintaining homeostasis by controlling what gets in and out of the cell

What is the arm?

Supports the body above the stage. Always carry a microscope by the arm and base

What is the base?

Supports the microscope

cellular respiration

*takes place in mitochondria *oxygen turns into energy=becomes carbon dioxide *on the reactant side

All living things are made up of at least________cell(s)

1

What are the parts of cell theory?

1. All living things are made of cells. 2. All living things come from preexisting cells. 3. The cell is the basic unit of life.

How is Bacteria good?

1. Helps digestion 2. Heals wounds 3. Can get rid of bad bacteria

What is the Photosynthesis equation?

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Describe the main difference between Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells

A Prkaryotic cell lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. A Eukaryotic cell contains these structures

Small Vacuole

Also known as a vesicle, they are used as storage and transportation vesicles to move materials in and out of the cell.

The "passageways" in a cell that carry materials from one part of a cell to another are known as_____ ________

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

What is a eukaryote?

Every type of complex multicellular organism that exists, has a nucleus

Identify the organelle that packages and distributes materials to other parts of the cell (the "mailroom" of a cell)

Golgi Bodies

What is the stage clip?

Holds a slide in place on the stage

What is the stage?

It supports the object being viewed

What is fermentation?

It's provides energy for cells without using energy

Large Vacuole

Larger storage compartment used for storing water and other materials needed. Larger vacuoles are found in plant cells

Only_______cells can produce new living cells.

Living

Identify the organelle that breaks down waste and digests organelles or food particles that are not needed by the cell (the "stomach" of the cell)

Lysosome

What type of cell division divides the number of the cells chromosomes in half and is used for the process of reproduction?

Meiosis

Identify what the organelle that produces the energy needed for a cell to carry out its functions (also known as the "power house" of a cell)

Mitochondria

What type of cell division duplicates the cell and all of its parts in order to make an exact copy of the cell?

Mitosis

Identify the organelle that controls the activities of the cell.

Nucleus

What is the eyepiece?

Objects are viewed by the eyepiece. It contains a lens that commonly magnifies an image 10 times

What terms describes the tiny cell parts that carry out specific functions?

Organelles

Identify the process that causes water to pass through the membrane of a cell

Osmosis

The cell pictured below belongs to which type of organism?

Plant

Identify 3 difference between a plant and animal cell

Plant cells contain a cell wall, chloroplasts, and 1 larger vacuole

Why do plant cells have larger vacuoles than animal cells?

Plants have to store more water for structure and support

Lysosomes

Responsible for cleaning up the cell, by getting rid of waste. Found in animal cells only. NOTE: some scientists believe they are found in plant cells but are rarely visible

Ribosomes

Responsible for making proteins in the cell. Found attached to the rough ER and free floating in the cytoplasm

What is the Body Tube?

The body tube separates the lens in the eyepiece from the objective lenses below

What is the high-power objective lens?

The largest lens on the nosepiece. It magnifiesan image approximately 400 times

What is passive transport?

The movement of materials across the cell membrane without using cellular energy

What is the nosepiece?

The nosepiece holds the objective lenses above the stage and rotates so that all lenses may be used

Nucleus and Nucleolus

The nucleus is the boss of the cell. It holds the DNA (instructions for making proteins). The nucleolus is the center of the nucleus where ribosomes are made

What does selectively permeable mean?

only allows certain materials to pass through, while others cannot

What is active transport?

the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy


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