Science Benchmark
Cell Wall
Thick, rigid outer wall found in plant cells. It provides support and protection for the cell
What is the term that describes the pressure exerted on the cell wall by water passing into the cell through osmosis
Turgor Pressure
Identify the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms
Unicellular= made of 1 cell Multicellular= made of more than 1 cell
What is the diaphragm?
Used to adjust the amount of light passing through the slide and into and objective lens
What is the fine adjustment knob?
Used to focus the image of an object when it is viewed through the high-power lens
What is the coarse adjustment knob?
Uses to focus the image of an object when it is viewed through the low-power lens
Identify the organelle that serves as the storage area of the cell
Vacuole
waste disposal
Waste inclosed in a membrane, moves to the cell membrane, joins with it, and then gets released
Osmosis
Water moves across a selectively permable membrane
Photosynthesis
When a plant uses water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide to make glucose and oxygen *on the product side
What is a prokaryote?
An organism made of a single simple celled organism, no nucleus, prokaryotic cell
The cell pictured below belongs to which type of organism?
Animal
What is the Respiration equation?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)
The________is the basic unit of life.
Cell
What part of a cell controls what comes in and out of the cell
Cell Membrane
Identify the rigid layer surrounding a plant cell that provides support, strength, and shape.
Cell Wall
Mitosis
Cell reproduction that accurs in the nucleus where an exact copy is made or cell division *needed for growth, replacement, and a-sexual reproduction
Identify the organelle that contains chlorophyll and makes food from sunlight.
Chloroplast
The thick gel-like fluid inside the cell between the nucleus and the cell membrane is known as ___________.
Cytoplasm
Identify the process that describes fluid moving from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration
Diffusion
Mitochondria
The power house of the cell responsible for cellular respiration
Identify the organelle that makes proteins to help repair damage to the cell and carry out chemical processes.
Ribosome
When a plant cell is placed in salt water the cell will______. When a plant cell is placed in water it will_____.
Shrink, expand
Chloroplast
Site of photosynthesis. It is found in plant cells but not in animal cells
What is the low power objective lens?
Smallest lens on the nosepiece. It magnifies an image approximately 10 times
What is the mirror or light source?
Some microscopes use light that is reflected through the stage by a mirror. Other microscopes have their own light source
Cell Membrane
Structure found in all cells. It is essential in maintaining homeostasis by controlling what gets in and out of the cell
What is the arm?
Supports the body above the stage. Always carry a microscope by the arm and base
What is the base?
Supports the microscope
cellular respiration
*takes place in mitochondria *oxygen turns into energy=becomes carbon dioxide *on the reactant side
All living things are made up of at least________cell(s)
1
What are the parts of cell theory?
1. All living things are made of cells. 2. All living things come from preexisting cells. 3. The cell is the basic unit of life.
How is Bacteria good?
1. Helps digestion 2. Heals wounds 3. Can get rid of bad bacteria
What is the Photosynthesis equation?
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Describe the main difference between Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells
A Prkaryotic cell lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. A Eukaryotic cell contains these structures
Small Vacuole
Also known as a vesicle, they are used as storage and transportation vesicles to move materials in and out of the cell.
The "passageways" in a cell that carry materials from one part of a cell to another are known as_____ ________
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
What is a eukaryote?
Every type of complex multicellular organism that exists, has a nucleus
Identify the organelle that packages and distributes materials to other parts of the cell (the "mailroom" of a cell)
Golgi Bodies
What is the stage clip?
Holds a slide in place on the stage
What is the stage?
It supports the object being viewed
What is fermentation?
It's provides energy for cells without using energy
Large Vacuole
Larger storage compartment used for storing water and other materials needed. Larger vacuoles are found in plant cells
Only_______cells can produce new living cells.
Living
Identify the organelle that breaks down waste and digests organelles or food particles that are not needed by the cell (the "stomach" of the cell)
Lysosome
What type of cell division divides the number of the cells chromosomes in half and is used for the process of reproduction?
Meiosis
Identify what the organelle that produces the energy needed for a cell to carry out its functions (also known as the "power house" of a cell)
Mitochondria
What type of cell division duplicates the cell and all of its parts in order to make an exact copy of the cell?
Mitosis
Identify the organelle that controls the activities of the cell.
Nucleus
What is the eyepiece?
Objects are viewed by the eyepiece. It contains a lens that commonly magnifies an image 10 times
What terms describes the tiny cell parts that carry out specific functions?
Organelles
Identify the process that causes water to pass through the membrane of a cell
Osmosis
The cell pictured below belongs to which type of organism?
Plant
Identify 3 difference between a plant and animal cell
Plant cells contain a cell wall, chloroplasts, and 1 larger vacuole
Why do plant cells have larger vacuoles than animal cells?
Plants have to store more water for structure and support
Lysosomes
Responsible for cleaning up the cell, by getting rid of waste. Found in animal cells only. NOTE: some scientists believe they are found in plant cells but are rarely visible
Ribosomes
Responsible for making proteins in the cell. Found attached to the rough ER and free floating in the cytoplasm
What is the Body Tube?
The body tube separates the lens in the eyepiece from the objective lenses below
What is the high-power objective lens?
The largest lens on the nosepiece. It magnifiesan image approximately 400 times
What is passive transport?
The movement of materials across the cell membrane without using cellular energy
What is the nosepiece?
The nosepiece holds the objective lenses above the stage and rotates so that all lenses may be used
Nucleus and Nucleolus
The nucleus is the boss of the cell. It holds the DNA (instructions for making proteins). The nucleolus is the center of the nucleus where ribosomes are made
What does selectively permeable mean?
only allows certain materials to pass through, while others cannot
What is active transport?
the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy