Science chapter 10 the periodic table
Physical properties of metals
Luster, conductivity, ductility, malleability, density, strength, boiling point, melting point
Name 3 properties of metals?
Luster, malleability, ductility
Organize the following metals from least metallic to most metallic: barium, zinc, iron, and strontium
Zinc, Iron, Strontium, Barium
With which type of metal would you use for gunpowder or fireworks?
Alkali and alkaline earth
Elements that have the lowest densities of all the metals are called ______ ______
Alkali metals
Mallebility
Ability of a substance to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets
Know the valuable properties of the actinide series elements?
Actinide series elements, such as plutonium, are used as fuel for nuclear reactors.
Classify each marked element, 1 and 2, as a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid
1- metal 2-nonmetal
What does the decimal number in an element key represent?
A- atomic mass
The ______ ____ increases by one for each element as you move left to right across a period
Atomic number
Name 3 elements that are named after someone
Bohrium, seaborgium, meitnerium
Periodic table
Chart of the elements arranged into rows and columns according to their physical and chemical properties
Group
Column on the periodic table
Semiconductor
Conducts electricity at high temperatures, but not at low temperatures
Evaluate the physical properties of potassium, magnesium, and copper. Select the best choice to use for a building project. Explain why this building material is the best building material to use.
Copper because both magnesium and potassium explode when exposed to water and air
Which is a chemical property of transition metals?
D- reacts little with oxygen
Luster
Describes the ability of a metal to reflect light
Who created the periodic table?
Dimitri Mendeleev
Chemical properties of metals
Do not easily react with other substances
Alkaline earth metals
Don't react as quickly with other elements . Do not occur naturally. Combine with other elements to form compounds. Soft and silvery. Low densities.
Identify the property that makes copper metal ideal for wiring.
Ductility
Halogen
Element in group 17 of the periodic table
Metalliod
Element that has physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals
Metal
Element that is generally shiny. It is easily pulled into wires or hammered into thin sheets. A metal is a good conductor of electricity and thermal energy.
Alkali metals
Elements in group 1
Noble gases
Elements in group 18
Alkaline metals
Elements in group 2 of the periodic table
Transition metals
Elements in groups 3-12
Nonmetals
Elements that have no metallic properties
Know the parts of an element key.
For example: Element- Helium Atomic number- 2 *balloon*- State of matter Symbol- He Mass- 4.00
Name the scientific term used for columns used on the periodic table.
Group
Name two nonmetals
Helium and oxygen
Transition metals
Higher melting points, greater strength, and higher densities. React less quickly with oxygen. Some occur as free elements, not as compounds
What is the most abundant element in the universe?
Hydrogen
Know the valuable properties of the lanthanide series elements
Lanthanide series elements are used to make strong magnets.
List the physical properties that most metals have in common
Luster, conductivity, ductility, and malleability
Know that Mendeleev predicted the existence and properties of elements that were not known at the time he developed the periodic table
Mendeleev predicted this because he knew each element in each column had the same properties. There were also some gaps between the known elements. Mendeleev predicted scientists would find them.
Know the history of the periodic table, especially as developed by Mendeleev.
Mendeleev studied the physical properties, such as density, color, melting, point, and atomic mass. He also noted chemical properties such as how each element reacted with other elements. He arranged the elements in a list using their atomic masses.
What is francium?
Metal
What is mercury?
Metal
What is zinc?
Metal
What are the 3 basic sections of the periodic table?
Metal- element that is generally shiny. It is easily pulled into wires or hammered into thin sheets. A metal is a good conductor of electricity and thermal energy. Nonmetal- elements that have no metallic properties. Metalloid- element that has physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals
Know that metallic properties increase as you move from the top right (not metallic) to the bottom left (most metallic)
Metallic properties tend to increase as you move down a group and across a period. Zinc is the least metallic, and francium is the most metallic, and it is the most explosive.
What is silicon?
Metalliod
Know how nonmetals are different from metals
Metals are ductile, malleable, and good conductors of electricity and thermal energy. All are solids except mercury at room temperature. Nonmetals are gases at room temperature. Those that are solid at room temperature have a dull surface, which means they have no luster. They are good insulators.
Examine this section of the periodic table. What metal will have properties most similar to those of chromium (Cr)? Why?
Molybdenum because it is under chromium.
What are the names of the 5 pieces of information in a square of an element in the periodic table?
Name, symbol, atomic mass, atomic number, state of matter
Identify. Copy and fill in the graphic organizer below to identify the color coded regions of the periodic table.
No metal, metalloids
What is oxygen?
Nonmetal
Know the physical and chemical properties of nonmetals and metalliods
Nonmetals- many are gases at room temperature. Solids have a dull surface, so no luster. Poor conductors of electricity, but good insulators. Metalloids- Semiconductors. Act as metals and conductors at high temperatures. Act as nonmetals and stop electricity from flowing at low temperatures.
What are the 4 basic elements that make up a living thing?
Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen
Know the 4 elements most common in the human body
Oxygen- 65% Carbon- 18.5% Hydrogen- 9.5% Nitrogen-3.3%
Where will element 119 go on the periodic table?
Period 8, Group 1a
What is the name of the chart with all of the elements organized?
Periodic table
Identify the scientific term used for rows on the periodic table.
Periods
Know how the periodic table is organized: periods, groups, increasing atomic number, etc.
Periods- rows on periodic table. There are 7 periods. Groups- columns on periodic table. There are 18 groups. Increasing atomic number- number of protons in that element. The periodic table is organized by this way.
Name 3 elements that are named after planets
Plutonium, neptunium, uranium
Predict. Look at the periodic table and predict three elements that have lower melting points than calcium (Ca).
Potassium, Bromine, and Krypton
Period 6, Group 8a
Radon
Alkali metals
React quickly with other elements, such as oxygen. They only occur in compounds. They have a silvery appearance. Soft enough to cut with a knife. Have the lowest densities.
Periods
Rows on the periodic table
Which item conducts electricity at high temperatures but not at low temperatures?
Semiconductor
What element is most used than any other for electronic devices?
Silicon
Investigate your classroom and locate five example of materials made from metal.
Sink, desk legs, eraser holder on whiteboard, vents, file cabinet
What is the element in Period 5, Group 2?
Strontium
Ductility
The ability to be pulled into thin wires
Know that semiconductors are a useful form of metalloids, and silicon is the most common metalloid made into a semiconductor
This property is useful in electronic devices, such as computers, televisions, and solar cells. Silicon, combined with other elements, makes sand, glass, electronic devices, and medical tubing.
Name an actinide that exists naturally on Earth
Thorium
With which type of metal would you build a bridge?
Transition
To which series does the lanthanide/actinide series belong to?
Transition metal
Period 7, Group 8a
Ununoctium or Oganesson
