Science final - Classification

3 Domains and what is included in each group

1. Archaea: Bacteria that live in extreme environments (hot springs) 2. Eubacteria: Common Bacteria 3. Eukarya: Organisms whose DNA (genes) is in a nucleus (remember it this way: Archie eats eclairs)

Name the kingdoms of organisms their major characteristics

1. Archaebacteria: Bacteria that live in extreme environments (hot springs). 2. Eubacteria: Common bacteria 3. Protista: Unicellular (Amoeba, Paramecium) and multicellular eukaryotes (kelp) that lack complex organ systems and live in moist environments. 4. Fungi: Unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes that absorb nuturients from organic materials in the environment (Mushrooms, yeast, molds) 5. Animalia: multicellular heterotrophs (animals) 6. Plantae: multicellular eukaryotes that carry out photosynthesis (plants) (remember it this way: Archie eats pretty fantastic apple pies)

7 Taxonomic categories (from broadest to more specific)

1. Kingdom 2. Phylum 3. Class 4. Order 5. Family 6. Genus 7.Species (remember it this way: Kingdom Philip came over for good spaghetti)

First Taxonomist

Aristotle

Which taxonomist was first to use this language

Carolus Linnaeus

Who is responsible for our modern naming system for organisms

Carolus Linnaeus

What aren't common names good to use

Common names can be misleading and is confusing when a species has more than 1 name. It also may have a different common name in each country.

What are the two words in a scientific name called and how should they appear in print

Each scientific name has two words that are italicized or underlined. First word - genus name (capitalized) Second word - species name (not capitalized). Also called the specific epithet

Taxa

Groups into which living things are classified. It is a hierarchy that begins with broad categories (which has lots of types of orgnanisms) and then gets more specific,

How did Aristotle group orgnanisms

Into two groups - plants and animals

What language is used today for scientific naming

Latin language- because Latin is no longer used and therefore does not change.

Binomial Nomenclature

Modern classification system based on the Linnaean classification system

What is the modern system of classification based on?

Scientists classify organisms based on their characteristics and if they are related through evolution.

How many kingdoms did Linnaeus divide organisms into

Six

The Linnaean classification system is based on what

The Linnaean system is based on physical and structural similarities of organisms.

Binomial Nomenclature

Two word naming system (scientific name) for different species. Written in Latin

Example of an organism in each category

see examples above - look carefully at these

Using a dichotomous key (taxonomic key)

see text book page 446