Science

In one type of cell division, a single cell forms two new cells. This process is called mitosis. What is a reason that human skin cells frequently undergo mitosis?

to replace dead or damaged skin cells

Eukaryotic cells undergo mitosis as part of the cell cycle. What does a cell produce as a result of mitosis?

two cells with identical genetic information

A plant leaf is an organ that traps light energy to make food. In what way is an animal stomach similar to a plant leaf?

Both organs are made up of several kinds of tissues

Which method of material exchange uses up energy?

active transport

Plants contain xylem and phloem tissue. What organ system in animals performs a similar function as the xylem and phloem of plants?

circulatory system

What do animals do with the carbon dioxide produced in their cells during cellular respiration?

exhale it in the breathing process

What is the food that plants produce during photosynthesis?

glucose

There is a connection between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. The products from one provide the raw materials for the other. This image shows the relationship between the two processes. mc005-1.jpg What products of photosynthesis are starting material for cellular respiration?

glucose and oxygen

Organ system

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

Even when it is cold outside, the human body maintains an internal temperature of 37 °C. Which term describes the maintenance of a stable internal condition?

homeostasis

Molecules move in and out of a cell by diffusion. The picture shows a cell and molecules both inside and outside the cell. mc009-1.jpg How will the molecules in this illustration move as a result of diffusion?

into the cell

Which of the following is a plant organ responsible for trapping light energy to make food?

leaf

Organisms can respond to changes in their environment in order to maintain a balance, called homeostasis. What does a tree do to maintain homeostasis during the winter months?

loses leaves

The following picture shows a microscopic view of blood. Blood is made of different types of cells that work together. mc007-1.jpg Which of the following best describes blood?

tissue

Which is a type of tissue that both plants and animals have?

protective

Organ

A structure made up of a collection of tissues that carries out a specialized function

Which of the following is an example of how homeostasis can cause an organism to change its behavior?

A bear hibernates during the winter.

Organism

A living thing; anything that can carry out life processes independently

Function

Activity of each part in an organism

When sunlight strikes a plant, the leaves capture most of that energy to use for photosynthesis. The image below shows the process of photosynthesis in action. mc013-1.jpg How does chlorophyll aid in the process of photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight.

Chlorophyll

Chloroplasts contain a green pigment. It captures energy from sunlight. This energy is used to combine carbon dioxide and water, forming the sugar glucose and oxygen gas.

Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a semi - permeable membrane

Tissue

Is a group of similar cells that preform a common function

The diagram below shows parts of the human body that work together to help the body digest food. mc014-1.jpg What can you conclude about the tongue from this diagram?

It is an organ that works as part of a system to perform a function.

Plants can provide the materials that animals use in cellular respiration, and animals can provide some of the materials that plants use for photosynthesis. This image below shows the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. mc015-1.jpg According to the diagram, how does cellular respiration aid the process of photosynthesis?

It produces carbon dioxide.

Homeostasis

Maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment

The survival of a cell depends on the cell maintaining homeostasis. What is most likely to happen to a cell if homeostasis is not maintained?

Many chemical reactions in the cell will slow down or even stop.

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from high concentration's to low concentration's

Active transport

Movement of particles against a concentration gradient and requires the cell to use energy

What does a cell use to break down glucose during cellular respiration?

Oxygen

Which of the following substances must animal cells take in from the environment to maintain homeostasis?

Oxygen

There is a relationship between breathing and cellular respiration. Breathing involves taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. How does the oxygen affect the process of cellular respiration?

Oxygen and glucose combine to produce energy in the form of ATP molecules

Mitosis

Packages are called chromosomes. Equal number of chromosomes are separated, and the nucleus splits to form two identical nuclei.

Exocytosis

Particles are in close in a vesicle and released from a cell. It begins when a vehicle forms particles within the cell. It is an important process in multicellular organisms.

Plant cells use photosynthesis to make food. Plant cells also use cellular respiration to get energy from the food they make. How is cellular respiration different from photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis produces oxygen, and cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.

How do organisms get the energy they need?

Plants break down the glucose they produced in photosynthesis, and animals get energy from eating other organisms.

Photosynthesis

Plants use energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make sugars

Cellular respiration

Set of breaking down food to produce ATP.

Which statement best explains the relationship between structure and function in an organism?

Structure and function refer to the locations and jobs of different tissues, organs, and organ systems working together.

Structure

The arrangement of parts in an organism or an object

What happens to glucose inside a cell during cellular respiration?

The cell uses oxygen to break down glucose

Which statement correctly tells why the cells of unicellular and multicellular organisms divide?

The cells of unicellular organisms divide to reproduce; those of multicellular organisms divide to replace cells and to grow.

What is the result of homeostasis at the cellular level?

The environment within the cell is stable.

passive transport

The movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

cellular respiration

The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food

Jana is studying the structure and function of different parts of a flowering plant. She drew and labeled the plant shown in the following illustration. mc006-1.jpg Which statement is a function of the roots?

They take in nutrients from the soil.

Photosynthesis

This process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria make their own food

Endocytosis

What is by which a cell uses energy to surround a particle and enclose the particle in a vesicle to bring the particles into the cell

Where does the exchange of materials in and out of a cell take place?

at the cell membrane

Juana made the following table. Organelle Function Mitochondrion Cellular respiration Chloroplast Photosynthesis Cell membrane Osmosis Cell wall Endocytosis Nucleus Mitosis Juana's table lists several cell organelles and their functions, but she made an error. Which of the organelles listed in the table shows the wrong function?

cell wall

The following diagram shows a common cell organelle. mc001-1.jpg What process takes place in the organelle shown?

cellular respiration

What form of energy is stored in food?

chemical energy

When sunlight strikes a plant, the leaves capture most of that energy to use for photosynthesis. The image below shows the process of photosynthesis in action. mc009-1.jpg Which of these materials helps plants use energy from sunlight?

chlorophyll

Which of the following is an example of a producer?

oak tree

Cells must be able to perform certain functions in order to survive. Which of the following must all cells do to survive?

obtain energy

Eugene is studying the levels of structural organization of an animal's body. Which level would describe a dog's eye?

organ

The diagram below shows the two main parts of the human body's central nervous system. mc016-1.jpg According to the diagram, which term best describes the spinal cord?

organ

The diagram shows parts of the human body. These parts work together to help you digest the food you eat. mc009-1.jpg Which term describes the stomach?

organ

The diagram shows parts of the human body. These parts work together to help you digest the food you eat. mc013-1.jpg Which term best describes the entire group of parts that are labeled?

organ system

Eugene drew the following diagram to describe the levels of structural organization of an animal's body. He will list the cell as both the least specialized and the most numerous at the bottom of the pyramid. mc005-1.jpg Which of the following should he list in level 1 on the diagram?

organism

Green plants produce their own food during photosynthesis. Which of these statements about photosynthesis is true?

oxygen is one product of photosynthesis

What are two distinct ways an organism can respond to changes in the environment?

physically and behaviorally

Photosynthesis

process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches

Plants make their own food during photosynthesis. In what group do plants belong?

producers

A cactus is covered with a waxy layer to prevent water loss. Which type of tissue is this?

protective