SELU ART 105 SILVA- TEST 2

Riace Warrior A

"Contrapasto" : stance -More natural and less rigid However this actual is better than what the natural body looks like, which returns to a theme of idealizing. --> Tension b/w naturalism and realism -Bronze not marble, this figure would rather have classical bronze over marble for free standing figures -Some statues survived and were found in the sea

The Tetrarchs

-Believed to have originated in Constantinople --> Made in lower quality material because art was not funded the same in this time of ruling -Unclassical proportions -Supposed to symbolize solidarity, but seem to actual show distrust among the group

Patrician Carrying Busts of His Ancestors

-Embodies social concept of ancestor worship

Metropolitian (New York) Kouros

-Free standing, in the round, almost lifesize, marble sculpture of a man in the nude -Thousands have been made but few have survived -Used as grave markers, offerings, installed along road ways, sometimes had plaques with descriptions -May represent god or human or divine human -Inspired by Egyptian sculpture

Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius

-He was one of the last great emperors -Shown on horse back as a standard imperial image, only one like this that survived fully intact --> It was only saved because they thought it was Constantine -Life like, bronze and gilded -He represented wise and just ruling

Phidias, Athena Parthenos

-Model of original chryselephantine cult statue -She is a recreation that is so accurate because there were many detailed written descriptions of her and even tiny model figurines that were like souvenirs

The Column of Trajan

-Part of major urban renewal project -Functioned as trajan's mosoleum as well -On top is a bronzed sculpture of St. Peter that was added when Christianity was made the legal religion -Column was carved into from the bottom up with 3ft wide bands --> The bands depict various deeds and exploits of Trajan's life -He is even personified as a river in one depiction -Winding pattern emulates scrolls in the library, and the library is placed right next to the column

Tomb of the Triclinium

-People are at a feast, musicians, dancers, hand gestures are common -Shows lions an leopards

Portrait Bust of a Young Flavian Woman

-Realsim begins to give balance, but also has personality -Aristocratic -Has an organic quality to face, but still seems airbrushed

Spoils from the Temple of Jerusalem (Arch of Titus)

-Relief on the inside of the arch -Shows sacking of the temple -Arch itself can be seen in relief --> Scale is not accurate, but sized to where things can be legible to on-lookers

Alexadros from Antioch on the Orantes/ Aphrodite of Melos (Venus de Milo)

-Retro, facial expression/hairdo -Topless, twisted position does not match with the classical period, yet she shows high classical style

Head of Constantine

-Rome, 325-36 CE -Head alone is 8 ft tall, but the whole figure was 30ft tall -Pieces reman -Statue served as presence legally -eyes are seen looking up to "gods" to prove him with the power to command from God

The Pantheon

-Rome, c.110-28 CE -Standard temple with huge, expansive open ceiling that is a concrete dome --> the concrete dome was developed with three different formulas for the concrete so it can get lighter as it neared the top -The pantheon was the temple for all the gods, but was later converted to a chapel that honored the saints when christianity took over -The floor was built so that it could have a drainage system when it rains -The roof also acts as a sundial -The dome might have been covered with gold and blue paint at one point

Kouros from Anavysos

-Same type of position/figure -More detailed and realistic, more organic

Dying Warrior, East Pediment (Temple of Aphaia, Aegina)

-Seeing the transition to the Early Classical Period -Expression looks more realistic -Actually appears like he is losing strength and is about to fall over because of his more realistic body position

Sarcophagus of the Married Couple

-Shows reclining couple on top of a sarcophagus from Cerveteri -Double tomb, probably a wedding present -Cercophis = flesh eater -This was believed to allow them to go into the after life with their loved one -They are shown has holding eggs which symbolizes regeneration

Capitoline She-Wolf

-Shows the legend of the twins Romulus and Remus -Likely a medieval recreation (fur patterns are not Etruscan)

Dying Warrior, West Pediment (Temple of Aphaia, Aegina)

-Smiling, holding self up (archaic smile and unnatural body postion) -Shows that he was made before the classical era

Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine (Basilica Nova)

-Standard at Rome in empire --> City hall, court house, meeting place -Main public place in general -Rectangular building with apse at the end -Not elaborately decorated because it is an outpost --> Smaller windows in apse to create illusion of being the same size and make the building seem bigger

Three Goddesses, East Pediment (Parthenon)

-Tension, body language is awkward and idealistic -First time seeing revealing "wet drapery", still no female nudity

Augustus Primaporta

-These sculptures were mass produced and installed everywhere -There were many identical images of Augustus -Not "verism" because his image never changes -Most statues showed him in the same stance with his arm outstretched -Cupid's inclusion represents Augustus's claimed divine hertitage

MYCENAEAN CULTURE

-These were very militaristic people,

Artemision God

-This is an example of a statue that would not work in marble and was made of bronze

Mask of "Agamemnon"

-This was found among five other skeletons with the same kind of gold mask -This mask was beautiful and in pristine condition while the others were disfigured. -The basis of the mask was real, but it is thought that Schilemma tampered with the mask because of details like the handle bar mustache.

Arch of Constantine, Constaninian Frieze

-Tripple arch, bigger arch for a bigger ego -Constantine was a critical figure 1) He eliminated all the other Tetrarchs 2) Systematically became the sole ruler 3) Moved the capital from Rome to "Constantinople" which was originally Byzantium -Caused an entire change in culture -This arch is massive and more decorated even in a time where the are was not necessarily availed --> Constantine actually took art from other pieces and added him to his monument --> But only took it from the monuments of good emperors, as to make his image look better

Iktinos and Kallikrates (The Parthenon)

-Two architects who were also mathmeticians, they embodied their concepts in their work

Funerary Krater/Dipylon Vase (The Hirschfeld Workshop)

-Type of vessel used to mix water and wine, but this one functioned as a grave marker -Life size, massive in height -Figures, patterns, and shape were all geometric -Funerary images of military class -Holes were drilled in the sides of the krater so that offerings could spill out into the earth and be shared with the deceased

ART OF ANCIENT GREECE: GEOMETRIC PERIOD

-Writing about art, artists, and philosophy -Dimension is added to art work -Was a geographic region, had common dialect/culture -Greece came out of Athens -Origins of democracy

Priestess Conducting the Rites of Bacchus

-c.390-401 CE -Diptyon, carved ivory -Two families gift for a adjoining wedding between the two -Old families with old beliefs, even in the new christian world -Last time we will see the old classical world

Olpe

-emphasis on animals (real/mythical) and decoration -Made of a rich clay (yellow clay)

Spring Fresco

Depicts blooming flowers and birds that identify the season as spring. -The colors seem unnatural but are actually realistic -Whether this mural was used ceremonially or just for decoration is something that is still unknown

Greek Orders

Doric- -Decorated in triglyphs -Broad, not tall, heavy -Entasis: wide middle and smaller ends Ionic- -Delicacy -Has velutes -Different fluting Corinthian -Taller -Highly decorative -Leaf like forms

Historical Divisons

Geometric Orientalizing Archaic Early Classical High Classical Late Classical Hellenistic

Peplos Kore

Has a pleasant expression like other Kouros, "archaic smile". -Peplos refers to one of her garments -Now thought to be the goddess --> could've possibly been told by whatever was in her hand on the missing arm

Initiation Rites of the Cult of Bacchus

Illusionistic ledge painted that goes all the way around the room. -Figures are fully molded, heavenly/human -Value is beginning to be used to show dimension in 2D art

Figure of a Woman (cycladic idol)

Images of idols, numerous/consistent in style but various in size. Usually found buried with a person and thought to be some sort of spirit guide, maybe with healing powers.

Bull Leaping (Toreador Fresco)

It is believed that this depicts an actual ceremonial event. -The way that the figures have different coloration was thought to be a distinction in gender

Man and Centaur

Many figures such as this have been found in mass quantities. -Were given as offerings -Images of man and centaur often symbolize the inner struggle between man and nature

Nike Adjusting Her Sandal, Temple of Athena Nike

Nike relief is an example of something that is so natural and beautiful, and at the same time revealing. (Idealism/Naturalism)

Athena Attacking Giants/Battle Between Gods & Giants (Altar of Zeus)

Pergamon -High relief sculptures embody different spirit between classical and Hellenistic periods -This shows different kinds of people in extreme positions

Nike of Samothrace

Set in front of a fountain that was made for a naval victory. This stance is an example of Hellenistic influence.

Euphronios and Euxitheos: The Death of Sarpedon

Shows how he can also capture the perfect moment, and can illustrate the body/wings evoke the curve of the crater

Polykleitos, Doryphoros (The Canon)

Shows the change in stance, an example of a type that many were built after.

Mater Sculptor Vulca/Apollo

Taricotta is made of saromic, painted, he has clothes -5'10" ht -Period= face and smile, even veins are showing

Porch of Maidens, Erechtheion

The building is not symmetrical because it was built on top of old sacred sites Porch: These were a famous example of cariotids

Exekias: Ajax and Achilles Playing a Game

The vessel has the same image on both sides in black and red figure, this is called a bilingual vase.

Stairwell, Palace at Knossos

These were referred to as "light wells". -Large, open stair well with atrium that allows fresh air and sunlight to come into the palace.

Model of an Etruscan Temple

This is based on descriptions by Vitruvius -Made of brick and taricotta -Taricotta models were offerings -Truscam: front porch columns

Horsemen, Processional Frieze (Parthenon)

This is the continuous frieze that is the iconic feature of the Parthenon. -Seems as if it was added at the last second -So high up so it must be for the gods/godesses

Praxiteles: Aphrodite of Knidos

This is the first female statue fully in the nude. -Late classical period -This particular sculpture is parts of Roman copies put together -Marble and paint put together looked like realistic skin

Kritios Boy

This marks the end of the Kouros tradition, last of the figures moving into early classical --> "Severe" phase, there are no smiles and organic treatment of the body

School of Rhodes: Laocoon

This sculpture shows tension and despair in expression. It was critically influential in the high renaissance period when Michaelangelo painted the Cistine Chapel.

Lapith Fighting a Centaur (Parthenon)

This shows the same struggle of order over chaos and man over nature. -They are trying to kill each other, yet so elegantly

The Theater at Epidauros

This theater is carved into the mountain side

The Treasury of Atreus

This was a tomb, a "tholos" --> "circular in shape"/"beehive tomb" -The circular shape symbolized death and regeneration

Octopus Flask

This was an example of a common marine image seen on pottery of the time. The anatomy of the octopus is very realistic and accurate

Harvester Rhyton

This was small, carved in stone, and used for ceremonial libations. This is one of the few found intact, as other rhytons like this one were all found broken on the same way, leading people to think they were broken as a part of whatever ceremony was taking place. -Associated with a harvest festival bc of image carved into material -The rendering of figures is very good, even providing some dimension

Treasury of the Siphnians, Sanctuary of Apollo @ Delphi

This was the most ancient sanctuary dedicated to a god, also believed to be the location of the oracle. Treasury: -Had carotids (female figures that were apart of the architectural structure) holding up the structure -Includes a continuous frieze and has iconic columns -Treasury of the Siphnians held gold and silver, was colored with blue/red/yellow pigment -Includes relief sculpture on walls

Battle b/w Gods and Giants

Treasury of the Siphnians, Sanctuary of Apollo @ Delphi -Left over paint can be seen -Style marker of archaic period -Heavily rounded carving, dimension created by severe undercutting of figures in the frieze

Kamares Ware Jug

Very valuable, made of heavy duty material. -Table ware (fine and fully black) -Had biomorphic patterns Shows an example of the first time we can tell that artists were observing other mediums and emulating them in their work

Epigonos, Dying Gallic Trumpeter

Was created after the time of Alexander the Great -The gals were defeated, but respected enough for a monument to be made to them -This was created in Pergamon which was supposed to be the new center of world culture

Palace Complex at Knossos Crete

c. 1900-1750 BCE -Huge palace structure, 5 stories in height. The architecture was thought to be inspired by the story of the Minotaur because of its labyrinth like structure -Though it is one structure, a divide can be seen between the Old Palace and New palace (divided by a series of natural disasters) -Original palace was very geometrical, had indoor plumbing and ventilation