Sepoy Rebellion, Indian Independence, and British Imperialism
Mahatma
"great soul;" a person regarded with loving respect; a holy person or sage
Order of Events
1885 - Indian National Congress Founded 1906 - Muslim League Formed 1915 - Gandhi Returns to India 1914-1918 - WWI April 1919 - Amritsar Massacre 1921 - Gandhi Given Leadership of Indian National Congress 1920s-1940s - Homespun Movement 1930 - The Salt March 1930s - Government Act of 1935 and Elections of 1937 1940 - Lahore Resolution 1939-1945 - WWII, Quit India Movement, Indian National Army August 14, 1947 - Independence, Partition of India, and death of Gandhi
What is the political impact of British imperialism on India?
British take over government, make new laws without the consent of Indians, Indians lose position of power
Gain, Consolidate, and/or Maintain Power? Expansion of Telecommunications and Transportation Networks
Consolidate and maintain, more communication and faster transport can help maintain power and take control over other lands.
consolidate
Consolidating power is the process of taking control from other people who also have power.
What is the social impact of British imperialism on India?
Discrimination change in cultural identity of India, spread of Christianity, treated as 2nd class citizens
Gain, Consolidate, and/or Maintain Power? Expansion of Industry
Gain, industry can help faster produce and thus create more options and possibilities.
Gain, Consolidate, and/or Maintain Power? Conquest and Military Strength
Gain, power can be gained through conquest and taking lands. Consolidate, through taking lands, power can be taken from other people. Maintain, military strength and intimidation can keep one's power.
Gain, Consolidate, and/or Maintain Power? Treaties
Gain, treaties create more opportunities and benefits that can lead to expansion.
gain
Gaining power is the process of getting it and expanding it.
What did Gandhi achieve through the Salt March?
Gandhi achieved more attention to independence for India and British cruelty. More public opinion and negotiations in Britain for India, and more support for self rule.
Why did Gandhi encourage Indians to spin their own cloth?
Gandhi encouraged Indians to spin their own cloth because it helped develop the Indian economy and diminish the British.
How is Gandhi an example of the power of one?
Gandhi is an example of the power of one because he was a man that used nonviolent civil disobedience to influence change.
Why was Gandhi unhappy with the result of India's Independence Movement?
Gandhi is unhappy with the result of India's Independence Movement because of the resulting violence and division between Hindus and Muslims.
How did Gandhi react to violence between Hindus and Muslims after Partition
Gandhi reacted to the violence between Hindus and Muslims by going on a hunger strike and working to decrease the violence between Hindus nad Muslims.
How did Gandhi die? What reason was given for his death?
Gandhi was assassinated. The reason for his death was that people felt that he was giving too much power to Muslims.
Describe Gandhi's experiences and actions in South Africa.
In South Africa, Gandhi was thrown off a train because Indians weren't allowed to ride first class. Gandhi was arrested 6 times for his act against the government. Gandhi made a 23 day march to make salt. Gandhi showed nonviolence through boycotts, protests, and fasting.
What benefits did Indians gain from the Government Act of 1935?
Indians gained more Indian participation in the government and free elections to select representatives from each province from the Government Act of 1935.
maintain
Maintaining power is the process of keeping one's power.
What is the economic impact of British imperialism on India?
More trade between India and Britain, British make most of money. Cash crops, good for the British, bad for the Indians, get paid a low price, problem with growing only one crop
What was the British East India Company? What was their goal in India? What did they trade?
The British East India company was a joint stock company that was granted an English Royal Charter contract by Elizabeth I.
Based on your annotations, how did the British gain, consolidate, and maintain power in India?
The British gained, consolidated, and maintained power in India by exploiting the rights King Charles II gave the British East India Company. The British used their army to intimidate Indians and force control.
Why did the British want to trade with, and later control, India?
The British wanted to trade with India because of its raw materials such as cotton and crops. Britain wanted to control India because it had a large population and would therefore create a profitable new market.
How were the British initially treated by the Mughal government in India?
The British were initially treated by the Mughal government through good hospitality. The Mughal government waived customs and duties in order to secure English trade.
The Indians refer to the Sepoy Rebellion as the first war of Independence? Why?
The Indians refer to the Sepoy Rebellion as the first war of independence because it was the first rebellion where Indians launched a revolt against the company. A revolt in which they fought for their independence from Britain.
What was the Lahore Resolution? What effect might it have on India's independence?
The Lahore Resolution was that India be separated into two states, one for Hindus and Muslims. The effect it had on India's independence was dividing and separating Indians rather than uniting them.
How was the Muslim League different than the Indian National Congress?
The Muslim League was different because instead of working for all Indians, it supports Muslims.
What actions did Gandhi take to fight injustice in his first years back in India?
The actions Gandhi took to fight injustice in his first years back in India were boycotts, protest marches, and fasts. Some of his major protests targeted British landlords who forced Indian farmers to grow cash crops and protests against British taxation. He was a member of the Indian National Congress.
4. Based on the situation in Bengal, what effects did British East India Company rule have on Indians?
The effects of the British East India Company's rule on Indians was that craftsmen and farmers were forced to work for the company with little pay while their taxes were increased.
What were the effects of the Sepoy Rebellion?
The effects of the Sepoy Rebellion were the British government took control of the lands that the Company once ruled and control of India. They exiled the last Mughal emperor and shot his sons. Cultural and religious centers were closed down, properties and estates of those in the rebellion were confiscated. The British transformed the colonial government to mimic their own in England. British attitudes toward Indians changed to ignorance and racism. The British took a more direct role in industry and agriculture.
With Gandhi as its leader, what was the goal of the Indian National Congress after 1921?
The goal of the Indian National Congress after 1921 was the idea of self rule or independence from England.
What was the goal of the Indian National Congress in the early 1900s?
The goal of the Indian National Congress in the early 1900s was to have more say in the government and administration.
What was the lasting effect of British imperialism in India?
The lasting effect of British imperialism in India is damaged cultures and the loss of religion.
Why is the Massacre of Amritsar historically important?
The massacre of Amritsar is historically important because it led to India asking for independence.
Why were people protesting in Amritsar? Why were there troops in Amritsar?
The people were protesting in Amritsar because of the Rowlatt Acts. The troops were in Amritsar because there was violence in the area.
What promises did the British make during WWI? Did they follow through on those promises? Explain.
The promises the British made during WWI was that the British government would gradually increase Indian participation in the British Raj. The British did not follow through on their promises and instead enacted emergency powers that combated extreme political activities. As well as the Rowlatt Acts that extended repressive wartime measures.
What was the purpose of the Muslim League?
The purpose of the Muslim League was for more say for Indian Muslims and laws and policies that would favor Muslims.
What rights did King Charles grant the British East India Company in the 1670s? How did this change the Company's role in India?
The rights King Charles wanted to grant the British East India company in the 1670s were to autonomous territorial acquisitions, to mint money, to command fortresses and troops, to form alliances, to make war and peace, and to exercise both civil and criminal jurisdiction over the acquired areas. This changed the company's role in India because it allowed room for the company to become a "nation" in India.
Identify and explain three reasons the British gave up power in India.
Three reasons the British gave up power in India were the pressure from the Quit India Movement, recognition that the armed forces were opposed to British rule, and the drain on resources from WWII and the recovery from the war. The Quit India Movement demanded independence for India and led to large scale protests and mass detentions. A group of Indian soldiers that once fought for the British, switched sides during WWII to invade India, defeat the British, and gain independence for India. The Royal Indian Navy revolted against the British, refusing to work, carrying on violent protests, and in some instances taking over ships. This illustrates how deeply Indians disliked British rule. WWII was very expensive and caused a financial drain. The British did not have the resources to start war with India. Therefore, the Quit India Movement, armed forces opposed to Britain, and lack of resources from WWII caused the British to give up power in India.
civil disobedience
the refusal to follow certain laws or pay taxes and fines to protest a government's actions and policies
nonviolence
the use of peaceful means, not force, to bring about political or social change
