Shoulder Reading Review

Normal ROM for shoulder lateral or external rotation is

0 to 80-90 degreest

When does the epiphyseal plate of the medial clavicle close?

25 years of age

In a rotator cuff strain, pain increases when the arm moves actively between what degrees of abduction?

70-120

The middle portion of the deltoid is responsible for what motion?

Abduction, Horizontal abduction

Which of the following is NOT a test for glenohumeral instability?

Allen test

An athlete with a distal clavicle fracture may exhibit clinical signs and symptoms similar to those of

An Acromioclavicular sprain

The most commmon shoulder direction for the shoulder to displace is in the _______________ direction.

Anterior

The primary shoulder flexors are the

Anterior deltoid and clavicular portion of the pectoralis majo

What nerve can be damaged in an anterior glenohumeral dislocation?

Axillary nerve

In a glenohumeral dislocation, the glenoid labrum can be damaged or avulsed from the anterior lip of the glenoid fossa, leading to what type of injury?

Bankhart lesion

The biceps reflex include(s) which of the following dermatomes?

C5-C6

Which of the following tests is used to assess a labral lesion?

Clunk Test

Circumduction and pendulum swings are examples of range of motion exercises collectively known as

Codman's Exercises

Which of the following is NOT a closed kinetic chain exercise for the shoulder?

Codman's pendulum

Nearly all injuries at the SC joint result from

Compression

A positive O'Brien's Test is indicative of a full thickness tear of the supraspinatus muscle.

False

A tear or detachment of the fibrocartilage labrum on the posterior lateral aspect of the humeral head is called a "Bankhart lesion."

False

An athlete with a fractured clavicle will usually hang the arm at his or her side, internally rotated to relieve the stress on the supporting structures

False

Biceps brachii ruptures occur mainly in football linemen who use their arms to block their opponents.

False

In recurrent anterior glenohumeral dislocations, the forces needed to produce the injury are increased.

False

In scapulohumeral rhythm, the setting phase occurs when the humerus finds its position in the glenoid, while the scapula rotates during the first 30 degrees of motion.

False

Recent studies have shown that immediate surgical repair of a third-degree AC sprain is superior to nonsurgical treatment in restoring normal shoulder function the first year following injury.

False

The acromioclavicular joint is a strong joint reinforced by several key ligaments.

False

The frozen shoulder is a condition typically seen in younger athletes.

False

The mechanism of injury for a posterior glenohumeral dislocation is a fall on an outstretched arm that is forced into abduction and external rotation.

False

The rotator cuff muscle most commonly injured is the infraspinatus.

False

To test for bicipital tendinitis and subluxation, have the athlete flex the elbow at 90 degrees and internally rotate against resistance from the athletic trainer, as the humerus is also pulled downward.

False

While performing the Yergason's test the elbow is

Flexed at about 90

The scapula fossa that articulates with the humerus is deepened by an additional structure called the:

Glenoid Labrum

The main function of the rotator cuff muscles is to

Hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa

In a moderate AC joint sprain, what motion will cause increased pain and a snapping sound at the joint?

Horizontal adduction

A painful arc is characterized by a(n)

Inability to actively abduct the arm between 70 and 120 degrees

Nearly 80% of all clavicular fractures occur where?

Middle 1/3

After receiving a blow to the sternum, an athlete has difficulty swallowing, a diminished pulse, and hoarseness. What injury may have occurred?

Posterior displacement of the clavicle

Apley's scratch test is used primarily to determine

ROM of internal and external rotation

Dead arm syndrome is associated with

SICK scapula

Which of the following structures is usually NOT injured with an impingement syndrome?

Short head of biceps brachii

What are contusions to the distal end of the clavicle called?

Shoulder pointers

The _____ bursa may be irritated when repeatedly compressed during the overhand throwing motion.

Subacromial

The most commonly injured bursa in the shoulder is the

Subacromial bursa

The drop arm test is used to determine injury to what muscle?

Supraspinatus

The greatest number of upper humeral fractures in young athletic adults occurs at the:

Surgical neck

Which muscle does NOT serve an important function in preventing impingement of the supraspinatus and subacromial bursa during the throwing motion?

Teres major

Which one of the following is NOT a rotator cuff muscle?

Teres major

A Hill-Sachs lesion is a small defect in the articular cartilage of the humeral head associated with an anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint.

True

A SLAP lesion is a superior labral tear that may disrupt the attachment of the long head of the biceps tendon.

True

A complication from a scapular fracture is scarring and adhesions in the muscles overlying the scapula

True

A conservative method of treating subluxations and recurrent dislocations consists of strengthening muscles that act on the scapula.

True

A possible sign of a moderate AC sprain is the inability to abduct the arm or horizontally adduct the arm across the chest without noticeable pain.

True

An acromioclavicular sprain is most often induced by a direct blow to the tip of the shoulder, pushing the acromion process downward.

True

Anterior instabilities account for 95% of all chronic instabilities of the glenohumeral joint.

True

If the inferior angle of the scapula on the dominant arm is a greater distance from the spine, one should suspect weak rhomboids on the dominant arm side.

True

In the presence of a neurovascular injury, skin temperatures should be assessed on the back of the athlete's hand to detect alterations from the normal standards

True

Most direct causes of anterior glenohumeral dislocations are situations in which the arm is forced into abduction and external rotation.

True

Most direct causes of anterior glenohumeral dislocations are situations in which the arm is forced into abduction and externally rotated.

True

Muscles that attach to the humerus at small angles with respect to the glenoid fossa contribute more to shear than compression of the joint, with maximal shear present when the arm is elevated approximately 60 degrees.

True

Physicians generally agree that a first-time dislocation may be associated with a fracture, and therefore its treatment is beyond the scope of a coach's or athletic trainer's duties.

True

Postural malalignment such as forward head, rounded shoulders, and an increased kyphotic curve causes a decrease in the space under the coracoacromial arch and therefore can lead to the development of impingement.

True

The SC joint is a ball-and-socket synovial joint that enables rotation of the clavicle with respect to the sternum.

True

The continual use of the arms above the horizontal plane in an athletic endeavor has been known to lead to impingement syndrome.

True

The point at which the clavicle changes shape and contour presents a structural weakness, and the largest number of fractures to the bone occurs at this point.

True

The sternoclavicular joint is the only bone-to-bone joint that holds the shoulder complex onto the thorax.

True

When an athlete has sustained a clavicle fracture, he/she will support their arm with the unaffected arm.

True

Which of the following activities is likely to create chronic posterior instability in the shoulder?

backstroke swimming