Six Urban Hearths

Fourth

-Huang He & Wei Valleys -1500 BCE -cities surrounded vertical structure in middle of city, which was protected by inner wall (temples/palaces for leadership class) -Great Wall of China (200 BCE, Emperor Qin Xi Huang)

Third

-Indus River Valley -2200 BCE -first cities = Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro -intricate planning -equal housing, same home infrastructure, thick city walls

Fifth

-Mesoamerica -1100 BCE -ancient cities = religious centers -Olmec: built cities on Gulf Coast of Mexico, carved stone monuments, died out -Maya: built cities centered around religious temples

First

-Mesopotamia -3500 BCE -Fertile Crescent -between Tigris & Euphrates -social inequality (priest-King class in palaces) -protected by mud wall -houses close together

Second

-Nile River Valley -3200 BCE -urbanization/irrigation -pyramids/tombs/sphinx

Sixth

-Peru -cities built by Chavín dating to 900 BCE -largest settlement (Chavín) at 10530 ft in Andean highlands