Skeletal System quiz 2

osteons

Compact bone is made up of _______________ cemented together.

acetabulum

The femur inserts into the pelvic girdle at the ____________________.

atlas

The first vertebra is called the _____.

diaphysis

The long shaft of a bone such as the femur is called its ______.

third-class

A forceps is an example of a _____ lever arrangement.

70 %

Bone salts comprise ____% of the bone by weight.

flat

By morphology, the parietal bone can be classified as a _____ bone

osteoblast

During osteogenesis, which of the following cells would appear first?

simple fracture

Fractured bone does not pierce the skin.

206

How many bones are there in the body?

56

How many phalanges are there in the body?

spongy bone

Inside the epiphyses of each long bone, mostly ________________ can be found.

Volkmann canal

Osteons have a _____, which provides a means of communication between them. run horizontal between each group of osteons.

resting cells

Several layers of cells reside within epiphyseal disks of developing long bones. Which layer is responsible for anchoring the disk to the bony epiphysis?

periosteum

The _____ allows a bone to increase its diameter during periods of growth. not only the fibrous outer membrane surrounding a bone but it also contains the cells (osteogenic) that will deposit new bone.

maxilla

The hard palate is made of the palatine and _____ bones.

intervertebral

The spinal nerves will exit from the _____ foramina.

8

There are _____ bones that make up the cranium.

There is a frontal or metopic suture that separates the frontal bone into two parts.

True; is a frontal suture (metopic) that will completely ossify and disappear in most people by the age six.

occipital

Which bone contains the foramen magnum?

fossa

Which of the following is not a bone process?

mastoid sinus

Which sinus inflammation in the skull could most commonly lead to deafness?

mastoid

Which sinus, or air cell area, has the potential of having a very serious and painful inflammation that could spread to the brain?

greenstick fracture

Which type of bone fracture occurs as an incomplete break in the bone?

flat

Which type of bone is the primary source of red marrow in an adult?

commuted fracture

Which type of fracture breaks the bone into several fragments?

The mandibular foramen is located on the inferior surface of the mandible and is a common dental anesthetic injection site.

false

A Wormian bone is an extra bone in the skull usually found in the mandible.

false;

tibial tuberosity

point where the patellar ligament attaches

mandibular fossa

the depression in the temporal bone into which the condyle of the mandible fits

Which of the following are a bone process?

trochanter, tubercle, and tuberosity

Yellow bone marrow has lost its hematopoietic ability

true Yellow bone marrow represents a type of fatty degeneration of the blood-producing red bone marrow, that occurs with age.

frontal

The coronal suture separates the _____ from parietal bones.

sacrum

The following are terms related to the pelvic girdle except which one?

epiphyseal disk

The junction between the diaphysis and epiphysis is called the _____.

vitamin D

The main factor which facilitates the movement of calcium through a cell membrane is _____.

yellow bone marrow

The medullary cavity by the diaphysis of an adult bone would contain _____.

ethmoid

The membranes that surround the skull attach to the crista galli, found on the ________________ bone of the skull.

hydroxyapatite

The most prevalent salt in bone matrix is _____. comprised of phosphate, carbonate and hydroxyl (OH-)ions.

vomer

The nasal septum is comprised of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and the _____.

yolk sac

The origin of blood cells is the _____. in the embryo is the source of the hematopoietic cells that will migrate into the embryo.

periosteum

The outer covering of each bone, made from fibrous connective tissue, is called the ________________.

epiphysis

The part of the bone that the articular cartilage covers directly is the _____.

sesamoid

The patella is classified as a/an _____ bone by some anatomists

scapula

The pectoral girdle is made up of the clavicle and the ________________.

zygomatic

The prominent portions of the cheeks are made up of the _________________ bones.

true about intramembranous bones?

They form between flat sheets of connective tissue. Skull bones are formed in this way. Osteoblasts deposit new bone along blood vessels within the layers.

Active exercise can actually cause an increase in the mass and strength of bone.

True

Bone is comprised of several tissues including cartilage and blood.

True

complete fracture

a break that extends through the entire thickness of the bone

compound fracture

bone breaks through the skin

incomplete fracture

bone is not broken all the way through

the following are a main factor in the development of osteoporosis?

diet deficient in calcium, lack of exercise, hormone deficiencies

Although the bones in an elderly person represent dead tissue, they still perform a function of support.

false, Bones contain living cells and a blood vessel network throughout one's lifetime.

The anterior fontanel is a neonatal area of fibrous membrane that is the first to close.

false; The anterior fontanel is the last area to become ossified, around 18 months.

Which of these factors is necessary for normal bone growth and development?

growth hormone, male and female sex hormones, Vitamins A, C, and D

innominate

hip bone

os coxa

hip bone made up of the ilium, the ischium, and the pubis

impacted fracture

one fragment is driven firmly into the other; at the head of the femur or head of the humerus

The following are terms related to the pelvic girdle

os coxa, innominate, ilium

Haversian canal

The center of each osteon contains the _____. filled with blood vessels.

zygomatic

The cheekbone is called the _____ primarily.

scoliosis

A lateral deviation of the alignment of the vertebral column is called a _____.

fontanel

A soft spot in a newborn's skull is called a __________________.

Wormian bone

Also known as intra sutural bones, are extra bone pieces that occur within a suture

acromegaly

An excess of pituitary growth hormone will result in a condition of _____ if first noted in an adult.

hypertrophy

An increase in the mass of bone tissue caused by physical stress is termed bone _____.

carpals

Another name for the wrist bones is _______________.

4 %

During remodeling, about _____% of bone calcium is exchanged each year.

Bone processes are genetically produced for the purpose of serving as attachment points for later muscles.

False

The canaliculi represent microscopic channels that were formed by the blood vessels in the bone.

False, The canaliculi are small canals that were formed by the thin processes arising from the young osteoblasts.

The more collagen a bone has, the more rigid its structure.

False, collagen protein fibers allow a bone to have a degree of flexibility; the calcium salts provide a rigidity

The presence of an epiphyseal disk on an X-ray of a person's shoulder area indicates that growth has probably stopped

False; Epiphyseal disks are areas of cells that have the capability for growth; the presence of a disk on X-ray is an indication that a young person will continue to grow.

Primary ossification centers arise in the epiphyses of long bones.

False; Primary or initial bone deposition or ossification begins in the diaphysis; secondary ossification centers then appear in the ends.

The acetabulum is made up of the ilium and pubis bone.

False; The acetabulum is the hip socket and is made of all three hip bones including the ischium.

The deltoid tuberosity is a ridge on the ulna for attachment of a muscle.

False; The deltoid muscle attaches to a ridge of bone on the lateral surface of the humerus.

The olecranon process of the humerus articulates with the olecranon fossa of the ulna.

False; The olecranon process is the elbow projection of the ulna and will articulate with the humerus.

The surgical neck is an area just below the head of the humerus.

False; The surgical neck is below the greater tubercle and is a common area for fracture; the anatomical neck is below the head

The lower ribs are firmly attached to the xiphoid process.

False; The xiphoid process has no connections to the ribs and can be a source of serious injury if pushed in or fractured.

Excess pituitary growth hormone will cause an 18-year-old to become a giant.

False; hormone can result in giantism if the excess began before the epiphyses close, especially under age 16.

The tibial tuberosity acts as an attachment for the head of the fibula.

False; tibial tuberosity is an attachment for the patellar tendon; the fibula is lateral to the tibia.

osteoclast

Most cases of bone cancer probably involve an increase in the activity of the _____ cells.

spiral fracture

Name the type of fracture where the bone twists resulting in one or more breaks

hemoglobin

The color of the red bone marrow is mainly the result of _____. the iron rich red blood cell pigment that imparts color to blood and bone marrow.

cancellous

Spongy bone is also referred to as _____ bone.

hyoid

The _____ bone supports the lower jaw structures such as the tongue.

sacral promontory

The _____ can be felt during a vaginal examination and be used for obstetric measurements.

osteoclasts

The _____ contain enzymes capable of breaking down the calcium matrix of bone tissue.

sex

The _____ hormones have an effect of increasing bone and muscle mass, especially evident at puberty.

alveolar process

The _____ is the area that houses the teeth.

epiphyseal disk

The _____ represents an area for growth in the length of a long bone.

spinous process

The ______________ of a typical vertebra projects posteriorly, and is thickest and most blunt in appearance in lumbar vertebrae.

squamosal

The _______________ suture joins the temporal and parietal bones of the skull.

medullary cavity

The area of a bone that produces most of the hematopoietic tissue is the _____.

hyaline cartilage

The articular ends of long bones are comprised of _____ tissue. plays a role in allowing a reduced-friction movement in the joints.

fibrocartilage

The callus that forms around a bone fracture is comprised of _____ tissue.

osteoclasts

The cells that tear down and remodel bone are the ________________.

Most of the skeleton in an embryo is cartilage.

True

Rickets is a condition, which causes bones to bend because of the lack of vitamin D and calcium.

True

A low level of blood calcium could be the cause that increases the activity of the osteoclasts.

True; Blood calcium levels are maintained by a homeostatic pooling mechanism; the osteoclasts can dissolve bone matrix therefore releasing calcium into the circulating blood for other functions.

Rib pair number eight are called vertebrochondral ribs because they attach to the cartilage of the seventh rib.

True; Ribs eight to twelve are called false ribs because they have no direct anterior attachments.

The head of the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus

True; The Radius rotates around the ulna and its head fits into the capitulum joint socket of the humerus.

There are more vertebrae in a fetus than there will be in the adult stage.

True; The adult has 26 while the fetus has around 33 vertebrae; the sacrum and coccyx represent a fusion of vertebrae.

The angle of Louis occurs between the first two parts of the sternum and has diagnostic value.

True; The angle of Louis is the sternal angle between the manubrium and body of the sternum.

The flexure in the neck region will develop during a secondary process as the infants raise their heads

True; The cervical curvature develops from the action of bending the neck; persons are born with the curvatures that are termed primary.

The angle of the pubic arch is probably greater in the female than in the male.

True; The pubic arch is greater than 90 degrees in a female and is related to the general tendency to be wider

osteomalacia

Vitamin D deficiency in an adult causes the condition known as _____.

C

Vitamin _____ is required to produce the organic matrix that allows bones to be pliable or hold teeth in their sockets.

transverse foramen

What is found only on the cervical vertebrae?

osteoclast remodeling

What is the final stage of healing following a fracture?

obturator

What is the largest foramen in the body?

bony callus

What is the last stage in the repair of a fracture?

passage of blood vessels

What is the significance of the supraorbital foramen?

birth to five years

When do secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphyses?

25 years

When do the bones of the sternum become completely ossified?

3rd month

When does ossification begin in a developing fetus?

first-class

When the arm is straightened at the elbow, the bones and muscles are acting as a _____ lever.

tibia

Which bone developed by endochondral ossification? and long bones of the appendages began as cartilage models.

ethmoid

Which bone has the crista galli projection?

temporal

Which bone has the mandibular fossa?

sternum

Which bones would contain significant amounts of red bone marrow in an adult?

formation of a hematoma

Which is the first to occur following a bone fracture?

calcaneus

Which is the largest of the ankle bones?

lacrimal

Which of the following is not a cranial bone? found in the eye orbit and contains the tear ducts.

normal aging

Which of the following is not a main factor in the development of osteoporosis?

sternum

Which of the following produce erythrocytes in an adult? the marrow in bones becomes the source in the adult.

bone matrix

Which of the following require calcium for normal functioning the least?

scapula

Which of these bones has a prominent spine?

frontal bone

Which of these developed by intramembranous ossification?

high fat diet

Which of these factors is not necessary for normal bone growth and development?

osteocyte

Which of these is the most differentiated and oldest?

zygomatic

Which of these skull bones does not contain paranasal sinuses?

They begin with a cartilage model

Which of these statements is not true about intramembranous bones?

maxilla

Which skull bones are not part of the cranium?